www.elsevier.com/locate/jelekin
Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 15 (2005) 240–255
Electrophysiology and kinesiology for health and disease
Toshio Moritani *, Tetsuya Kimura, Taku Hamada, Narumi Nagai
Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Abstract
This paper summarizes my Basmajian keynote presentation at the 2004 International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesi-
ology Conference. I dedicate this paper to Dr. Herbert A. deVries, the mentor of my research career. The following topics will be
covered from the standpoint of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology for health and disease: (1) electromechanical manifestations of
neuromuscular fatigue and muscle soreness, (2) cardiac depolarization–repolarization characteristics of normal and patients, (3) eti-
ology of obesity and diabetes and autonomic nervous system, and (4) functional electrical stimulation for health and disease,
respectively.
2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Electromechanical manifestations of neuromuscular
fatigue and muscle soreness
1.1. Delayed onset of muscle soreness
Every sports participant would experience muscle
soreness after training. A typical feature of muscle sore-
ness is its delayed onset, and therefore this type of mus-
cle soreness is usually called delayed onset of muscle
soreness (DOMS) [27]. It is the sensation of discomfort
or pain in the skeletal muscles that occur following
unaccustomed eccentric exercise [3]. It can usually be felt
within 8 or 10 h after exercise, peaks between 24 and 48
h and it is gone in about 5–7 days post-exercise. Sore
muscle can be described as being stiff or tender because
there is a sense of reduced mobility or flexibility, and the
muscles are sensitive, particularly upon palpation or
movement, sometimes feeling swollen [47]. The most
commonly raised possibly cause of DOMS are: (i) dam-
age to the muscle fibers themselves, connective tissue, (ii)
edema, inflammation and swelling, and (iii