© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
5-1
5
Synchronous
Generators: Modeling
for (and) Transients
5.1
Introduction ........................................................................5-2
5.2
The Phase-Variable Model..................................................5-3
5.3
The d–q Model ....................................................................5-8
5.4
The per Unit (P.U.) d–q Model ........................................5-15
5.5
The Steady State via the d–q Model ................................5-17
5.6
The General Equivalent Circuits......................................5-21
5.7 Magnetic Saturation Inclusion in the d–q Model...........5-23
The Single d–q Magnetization Curves Model • The Multiple
d–q Magnetization Curves Model
5.8
The Operational Parameters ............................................5-28
5.9
Electromagnetic Transients...............................................5-30
5.10 The Sudden Three-Phase Short-Circuit from
No Load .............................................................................5-32
5.11 Standstill Time Domain Response Provoked
Transients ...........................................................................5-36
5.12 Standstill Frequency Response .........................................5-39
5.13 Asynchronous Running ....................................................5-40
5.14 Simplified Models for Power System Studies..................5-46
Neglecting the Stator Flux Transients • Neglecting the Stator
Transients and the Rotor Damper Winding Effects • Neglecting
All Electrical Transients
5.15 Mechanical Transients.......................................................5-48
Response to Step Shaft Torque Input • Forced Oscillations
5.16 Small Disturbance Electromechanical Transients...........5-52
5.17 Large Disturbance Transients Modeling..........................5-56
Line-to-Line Fault • Line-to-Neutral Fault
5.18 Finite Element SG Modeling ............................................5-60
5.19 SG Transient Modeling for Control Design....................5-6