PAPER TASK FORCE
Duke University ** Environmental Defense Fund
Johnson & Johnson ** McDonald's
The Prudential Insurance Company of America ** Time Inc.
WHITE PAPER NO. 5
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARISON OF BLEACHED KRAFT PULP MANUFACTURING
TECHNOLOGIES
December 19, 1995
1995 Environmental Defense Fund
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
A. ....................................................................................................................................................................6
I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................6
A. AN OVERVIEW OF THE BLEACHED KRAFT PULP MANUFACTURING PROCESS..............................................6
1. Pulping ...................................................................................................................................................7
2. Bleaching................................................................................................................................................7
3. New Technologies...................................................................................................................................8
B. MAJOR TOPICS.............................................................................................................................................9
1. Base case ..............................................................................................................................................10
2. Traditional ECF Bleaching ..................................................................................................................10
3. Enhanced ECF Bleaching ....................................................................................................................11
4. Low-effluent and Effluent-free ECF and TCF Bleach Plants...............................................................11
5. Current Status of Bleached Kraft Mill Manufacturing Technologies..........................