ELBOW, WRIST & HAND
Cody Jenschke, ATS
Eric Gillberg, ATS
Ross Bailey, ATC
Joe Milne, MD
Bones of the Elbow
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
Movements of the Elbow
• Flexion
• Extension
Humerus
• Olecranon fossa
• Medial Epicondyle
• Latereal
Epicondyle
• Trochlea: medial
side, articulates w/
ulna
• Capitulum: lateral
side, articulates w/
radius
Radius
• Head of Radius:
articulates w/ the
capitulum
– Allows for flexion and
extension of elbow
• Neck of Radius
• Tuberosity of Radius
• Styloid Process of
Radius
Ulna
• Olecranon Process
• Trochlear notch:
articulates w/ trochlea
– Allows for flexion and
extension of elbow
• Coronoid Process
• Tuberosity of the
Ulna
• Styloid Process of Ulna
Ligaments of Elbow
• Medial Collateral Ligament
– Anterior: tight in extension
– Oblique
– Posterior: tight in flexion
• Lateral Collateral Ligament
– Runs from lateral epicondyle to the anular ligament
• Anular Ligament of Radius
– Holds the head of the Radius
Muscles of the Elbow
• Biceps: flexion,
supination of
forearm
• Triceps:
extension
• Brachioradialis:
assists in flexion
• Brachialis:
assists in flexion
Bursas of Elbow
• Olecranon Bursa
– Subtendinous: on the olecranon
– Intratendinous: in the tricep tendon
– Subcutanous: on top of the tricep tendon
• Radial- Humeral Bursa
– Lies Anteriorly between the radial head and the lateral
epicondyle between the muscle attachements
• Bicipital Bursa
– Lies between anterior aspect of the bicipital tuberosity
Elbow injuries
1. Upper arm contusions
2. Elbow
a. Ulnar nerve contusions (funny bone)
b. Ulnar nerve neuritis from throwing
c. Radial nerve
d. Olecranon bursitis
e. Hyperextension
Tinel Sign
The patient is positioned with the elbow in a flexed
position. The practitioner taps over the medial side of the
elbow in the ulnar notch. Tingling and neurological
symptoms in the forearm and or fingers is considered
positive for ulnar nerve pathology.
Ligament sprains
a. Medial
b. Lateral
c. Hyper extension
d. Little league elbow
Proper evaluation
positioning calls f