1
Bibliographies
Citing Internet Resources
With the Internet as a prevalent tool for student research, teachers must teach students the proper
way to create bibliography entries. Common types of electronic resources include email, web
sites, online images, online sounds, and online video clips. It has always been important for
students to properly cite resources for written papers where they are referencing textual material,
but now students will more often be citing visual or auditory resources included in a multimedia
project or research paper.
Many of the newer versions of guidelines for bibliographies and footnotes are evolving to
include these types of resources. The latest version of the MLA Handbook contains information
for citing electronic sources.
Email (Electronic Mail)
Format
Author of email message. Subject line of the message. [Online] Available email:
Student@address.edu from Author@address.edu, date of document or download.
Examples
Showers, Catherine. Red Cross Rescue Program. [Online] Available Email:
student4@usamail.net from bshowers@redcross.org, September 25, 1998.
Simmons, Brent. How Copyright Laws Apply to Student Fair Use. [Online] Available
Email: student7@irving.isd.tenet.edu from brents@harvard.edu, August 3, 1998.
Web Site (http:)
Format
Author. Title of Item. [Online] Available http://address/filename, date of document or
download.
Examples
Simpson, Carol. Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia. [Online] Available
http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/ccmcguid.htm, September 9, 1998.
Unknown. Health and Safety Tips. [Online] Available
http://www.redcross.org/tips/july/julytip98.html, November 1, 1998.
2
Bibliographies
Citing Internet Resources
Online Images
Format
Description or title of image. [Online Image] Available http://address/filename, date of
document or download.
Examples
The Eyes of Mona Lisa. [Online Image] Available
http://mistral.culture.fr/louvre/anglais/musee/c