Carlson: Physiology of Behavior
LECTURE OUTLINE
I.
Psychopharmacology — The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and
behavior
II.
Pharmacokinetics
A.
Routes of Administration
1.
Intravenous (IV) injection
2.
Intraperitoneal (IP) injection
3.
Intramuscular (IM) injection
4.
Subcutaneous (SC) injection
5.
Oral administration
6.
Sublingual administration
7.
Intrarectal administration
8.
Inhalation administration
9.
Topical administration
10.
Intracerebral administration
11.
Introcerebroventricular administration
B.
Distribution of Drugs Within the Body
1.
Depot binding — Tissues in body
a)
Fat
b)
Bones
c)
Muscle
d)
Liver
2.
Proteins in blood
3.
Albumin — Transport:
a)
Free fatty acids
b)
Lipid soluble drugs
C.
Inactivation and Excretion
1.
Deactivated by enzymes
a)
Liver
b)
Blood
c)
Brain
2.
Excreted by kidneys
3.
Modified to more active form
D.
Drug Effectiveness
1.
Dose-response curve
2.
More drug — More effect to a limit
3.
Drugs have multiple effects
4.
Margin of Safety
a)
Two dose response curves
b)
Desired effect
c)
Toxic effect
d)
Difference is margin of safety
5.
Therapeutic index — Ratio of desired effects in 50% to toxic effects in 50%
6.
Site of action
7.
Affinity for molecules drug attaches to
E.
Effects of Repeated Administration
1.
Tolerance — drug becomes less effective
2.
Sensitization — drug becomes more effective
3.
Withdrawal — opposite effect of drug after stopping the drug
F.
Placebo Effects
1.
Inactive compound — psychological effect
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Chapter 4: Pharmacology
III.
Sites of Drug Action
A.
Effects on Production of Neurotransmitters
1.
Precursor — increase action of neurotransmitter - agonist
2.
Enzymes — decrease presence and action of neurotransmitter - antagonist
B.
Effects of Storage and Release of Neurotransmitters
1.
Synaptic vesicles
2.
Transporter molecules
C.
Effects on Receptors
1.
Direct agonist — mimics neurotransmitter
2.
Direct antagonist — binds with and blocks receptor
3.
Noncompetitive binding — binds wit