Among manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer Disease (AD) contributes for 60-70% to elderly dementia. AD patients suffer from impaired cognitive function and from a compromised capacity to perform activities of daily living. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal loss, dystrophic neurites, and cerebrovascular amyloid. AD occurs more often in woman (2/3 of AD cases) compared with men. The presence of extracellular β-amyloid peptide and hyper phosphorylated tau protein are typical of the physiopathology of the AD brain. Developed under the age of 65 years, the PSEN1 gene is located on chromosome 14q24.3. In the elderly over 65 years, the late-onset of AD, the gene coding for PSEN2 is located on chromosome 1q31-q42. For the late onset AD, the apolipoprotein E was associated to the main risk factors of developing the disease (including molecules such as clusterin, complement receptor, phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein and sortilin). Four genes have been identified on chromosome 11. The Amyloid P Protein precursor (APP) encoded by the gene (APP) is located on chromosome 21q. Altered APP processing and Aβ accumulation shed light on the AD pathogenesis. TNFα may act as a diagnostic marker with high sensitivity and specificity in patients with AD. Studies have identified altered oral health conditions (periodontitis, caries, gingival bleeding, probing depth >4 mm). Poor gingival health and oral hygiene increase with the severity of dementia. Dental professionals should use behaviour management techniques for developing preventive strategies in order to stabilize the lesions.
Open Access Review Article
Goldberg M | Volume 3, Issue 2 (2022) | JCMR-3(2)-056 | Review Article
Citation: Goldberg M. Alzheimer’s Disease: Criteria for Dental Treatments. Jour Clin Med Res.
2022;3(2):1-7.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.46889/JCMR.2022.3202
Alzheimer’s Disease: Criteria for Dental Treatments
Michel Goldberg1*
1Professeur Emeritus, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, INSERM
UMR-S1124, Paris Cité University, France, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France
*Corresponding Author: Michel Goldberg, Professeur Emeritus, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of
Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, INSERM UMR-S1124, Paris Cité University, France, 45 rue des Saints
Pères, 75006 Paris, France; Email: mgoldod@gmail.com
Received Date: 07-04-2022, Accepted Date: 22-05-2022, Published Date: 28-05-2022
Copyright© 2022 by Goldberg M. All rights reserved under CC BY-NC-ND. This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which provides freedom to read, share,
copy and redistribution of material in any of the medium, provided with the original author and source are credited.
Abstract
Among manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer Disease (AD) contributes for
60-70% to elderly dementia. AD patients suffer from impaired cognitive function and from a
compromised capacity to perform activities of daily living. Neurodegenerative diseases are
characterized by neuronal loss, dystrophic neurites, and cerebrovascular amyloid. AD occurs
more often in woman (2/3 of AD cases) compared with men. The presence of extracellular β-
amyloid peptide and hyper phosphorylated tau protein are typical of the physiopathology of
the AD brain. Developed under the age of 65 years, the PSEN1 gene is located on chromosome
14q24.3. In the elderly over 65 years, the