Effect of Listerine Antiseptic o.pdf

About Global Documents

Global Documents provides you with documents from around the globe on a variety of topics for your enjoyment.
Global Documents utilizes edocr for all its document needs due to edocr's wonderful content features. Thousands of professionals and businesses around the globe publish marketing, sales, operations, customer service and financial documents making it easier for prospects and customers to find content.
Listerine Antiseptic Aqua drinking water rinsing Salivary Mutans Streptococci Streptococcus Mutans drinking water Before
Effect of  Listerine Antiseptic  on  Salivary Mutans Streptococci In Vitro. 
 
SA.Soekanto.,A.Djais.,S Mangundjaja. 
Department of Oral Biology  Faculty Dentistry Universitas  Indonesia  
 
Abstract  
Streptococcus mutans is  the main cause of dental caries by triggering  dental 
plaque formation. An effort to control dental caries in the community has been 
done in many ways ,such as  tooth brushing ,mouth rinsing with  antiseptic  and 
fluoridation at drinking water in certain community ,but actually dental caries is 
high. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 
antimicrobial agent of Listerine antiseptic containing  Eucalyptol 0.093%,Menthol 
0.042% Methyl salicylate 0.060% and Thymol  0.064% to inhibit the growth of the  
salivary  mutans streptococci .Methods: Fourteen respondents participated as 
subjects on the clinical trial were two times  treated, before and after mouth 
rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic   and as subject control ,before and after mouth 
rinsing with Aqua  drinking water. Saliva samples were collected before and after 
mouth rinsing with Listerine antiseptic  and Aqua drinking water .A serial dilution 
was made , followed by pouring on the TYS20B medium. Data , which were 
obtaining from colony forming units (CFU) of salivary mutans streptococci grew 
on the TYS20B (Shaeken et al. 1986) medium before and after mouth rinsing  
were analyzed in a descriptive and “t” test. Results: The results showed that 
there is no significant difference in the average amount Streptococcus mutans 
colony between before and after  mouth rinsing using Aqua drinking water. How 
ever  a significant difference was found respectively as a results of before and 
after mouth rinsing with  Listerine antiseptic  Conclusion: Therefore  it can be 
concluded that mouthwash containing Eucalyptol 0.093%,Menthol 0.042% 
Methyl salicylate 0.060% and Thymol  0.064% has antimicrobial activity against  
salivary  mutans streptococci..It can be used to prevent caries (This study was 
supported  by P.T Johnson & Johnson Indonesia) 
 
Key words: Listerine Antiseptic -  Salivary Mutans Streptococci 
 
Introduction  
 
The Directorate of Health Ministry of Oral Health  Republic Indonesia 
detected that 60 – 80 % of population was suffering from dental caries .Dental 
caries on population present  a tremendous challenge to the dental profession in 
population. 
Streptococcus mutans  as the prime cause of dental caries m their first 
symptoms by forming dental plaques. The dental plaques will cause the process 
of dental caries and periodontal diseases. 
The control of dental caries in the community  has been done wide various 
methods ,i.e with tooth brushing administration of fluoride either in the tooth 
paste or drinking water of certain community   and gargling with antiseptic.  
 
2
One methods of controlling dental caries by inhibiting the growth of 
mutans of Streptococcus mutans in saliva  with mouthwash containing Listerine 
antiseptic  
If the content of Listerine antiseptic in mouthwash  can hamper the growth 
of mutans of Streptococcus mutans in saliva , then we find a acceptable method 
for the people to prevent dental caries. 
Base on study described , it is proper that we should do research toward 
the Listerine antiseptic mouthwash   against the Streptococcus mutans in saliva 
in relation with dental caries 
 
The purpose of research 
 
Determining the level of the colony forming units of Streptococcus mutans in 
saliva of the treatment group who mouth rinsing with Listerine antiseptic   and the 
group who  mouth rinsing with Aqua water drinking  
 
 The benefit of the research 
 
The results of the research can increase the knowledge of the people if by rinsing   
the Listerine antiseptic  routinely can decrease the number of Streptococcus 
mutans in the saliva .So it can be used to anticipate against the occurring of the 
process of dental caries. 
 
 Methodology 
 
The research is done by using experimental laboratory method in human 
with epidemiological approach. The subject of the research are the Dental 
students of the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas  Indonesia ,14 students 
participated conducting  two times treatment as treated group and being also as 
control group. 
The material   used  in this study is  a commercial Antiseptic Mouthwash  
Listerine.   
  
The colleting  data mechanism as below: 
 
1.  Respondents fill and signature the informed consent. 
2.  Before and after  mouth rinsing with Aqua drinking water   
     and  Listerine antiseptic  mouthwash  
     Respondents  chew sterile paraffin  to    obtain considerable     
     amount  of  saliva and the saliva is collected.  Two hours after   
     mouth rinsing   ,saliva are  collected 
3.  Saliva samples , then make a serial dilution  
4. 1 ml of saliva is diluted with 9 ml sterile saline to make a serial    
     dilution and from the tube of 1000 fold dilution , is then take  
      0.1 ml of solution to inoculate in the selective medium of  
     TYS20B (Schaken et al, 1986)7 
5.   All samples are incubated in anaerobic jar at temperature of  
      37 degree   Celsius for 3 X 24 hours.. 
 
3
6.   The Colony Forming Units (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans  
      which grew in the TYS20B medium are then counted and  
      recorded. 
  
Statistical analysis 
 
Data which were obtained from colony forming units of salivary mutans 
streptococci grew in TYS20B medium before and after treatment were analyzed 
in a descriptive and “t” test . 
 
Results of the Research 
    Data which were obtained from the colony forming units (CFU) of  
Streptococcus mutans  which grew in the TYS20B bacteria   medium  before and 
after mouth rinsing with Aqua drinking water and  Listerine antiseptic  mouthwash 
were analyzed  in a descriptive and “t” test  
 
 
Table 1. Mean value and standard deviation (SD) of CFU of  Mutans  
               Streptococci  on treatment with Aqua drinking water and Listerine  
               antiseptic  for a period of 15 seconds   
n = 14 
Mean 
Standard deviation 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water  
Before rinsing with Listerine antiseptic 
After rinsing with Listerine antiseptic 
90.10 
77.70 
210.70 
47.00 
94.80 
77.70 
300.10 
80.51 
 
Results shown CFU of Mutans Streptococci  after rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic  
for a period of 15 seconds   lower than before rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic  
whether with  Aqua drinking water  
 
Table 2  .”t”  test  on treatment with  Aqua drinking water  and  Listerine  
                 antiseptic for a   period   15 seconds  
 
Different of treatment 
t 
p 
Significant 
Before After rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
Before After rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water  and Listerine 
antiseptic  
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water  and  Listerine 
antiseptic 
-0.750
2.220
- 
1.060
 
1.479
0.469 
0.050 
 
0.270 
 
0.180 
Non-significant
Significant 
 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Results shown that Listerine antiseptic effective  to inhibit the growth of  salivary 
mutans streptococci after rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic for a period  15 
seconds   
 
 
 
 
 
4
 
Table 3. Mean value and standard deviation (SD) of CFU of  Mutans   
              Streptococci on    treatment with Aqua drinking water and Listerine  
              antiseptic  for a period of  30 seconds  
 
n= 14 
Mean 
Standard deviation 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
Before rinsing with Listerine antiseptic 
After rinsing with Listerine antiseptic 
470,40 
510.10 
1020. 
49.80 
310.50 
350.10 
1500.76 
95.10 
 
Results shown CFU of mutans streptococci   after rinsing  with Listerine 
antiseptic  for a period of 30 seconds   lower than before rinsing  with Listerine 
antiseptic   whether with Aqua drinking water.  
 
Table 4  .”t”  test  on treatment with  Aqua drinking water  and  Listerine  
                 antiseptic   period  30 seconds 
 
Different of treatment 
t 
p 
Significant 
Before After rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
Before After rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
 and Listerine antiseptic 
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water 
and 
Listerine antiseptic  
-0750
2.080
 
-1.034
 
3.420
0.425 
0.016 
 
0.370 
 
0.037 
Non-significant
Significant 
 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Results shown that Listerine antiseptic  effective  to inhibit the growth of  
salivary mutans streptococci  after rinsing  with Listerine antiseptic  for a period 
30 seconds.  
 
Table 5. Mean value and standard deviation (SD) of CFU of  mutans  
    streptococci  on  treatment with Aqua drinking water  and Listerine  
    antiseptic   for a period of 45 seconds s  
 
N-14 
Mean 
Standard deviation 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water   
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water  Before 
rinsing with Listerine antiseptic  
After rinsing with Listerine antiseptic  
750.50 
930.10 
44.90 
5.00 
1160.56 
1180.08 
47.60 
5.68 
 
 
Results shown CFU of salivary mutans streptococci  after rinsing  with 
Listerine antiseptic  for a period of 45 seconds   lower than before rinsing with 
Listerine antiseptic  whether with Aqua drinking water ..  
 
 
 
5
Table 6  .”t”  test  on treatment with  Aqua drinking water  and Listerine  
                 antiseptic  for a  period  45 seconds  
 
Different of treatment 
t 
p 
Significant 
Before-after rinsing with Aqua drinking water  
Before-After 
rinsing 
with 
Listerine 
antiseptic  
Before rinsing  with Aqua drinking water and 
Listerine antiseptic  
After rinsing  with Aqua drinking water and 
Listerine  antiseptic  
-0.510
 
2.780
- 
1.010
 
2.662
0.640 
 
0.910 
 
0.080 
 
0.035 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Results shown that Listerine  antiseptic effective  to inhibit the growth of salivary 
mutans streptococci  after rinsing  with Listerine  antiseptic  for a period  45 
seconds..  
 
Table 7. Mean value and standard deviation (SD) of CFU of  mutans  
    streptococci  on  treatment with Aqua drinking water  and Listerine  
    antiseptic   for a period of 60 seconds s  
 
N-14 
Mean 
Standard deviation 
Before rinsing with Aqua drinking water   
After rinsing with Aqua drinking water  Before 
rinsing with Listerine antiseptic  
After rinsing with Listerine antiseptic  
24.39 
38.50 
96.90 
5.60 
22.02 
26.80 
22.38 
3.68 
 
Results shown CFU of salivary mutans streptococci  after rinsing  with Listerine 
antiseptic  for a period of 60 seconds   lower than before rinsing with Listerine 
antiseptic  whether with Aqua drinking water ..  
 
Different of treatment 
t 
p 
Significant 
Before-after rinsing with Aqua drinking water  
Before-After 
rinsing 
with 
Listerine 
antiseptic  
Before rinsing  with Aqua drinking water  and 
Listerine antiseptic  
After rinsing  with Aqua drinking water and 
Listerine  antiseptic  
-1.510
 
2.280
- 
-2.030
 
3.662
0.140 
 
0.060 
 
0.080 
 
0.005 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Non-significant
 
Significant 
 
Results shown that Listerine  antiseptic effective  to inhibit the growth of salivary 
mutans streptococci  after rinsing  with Listerine  antiseptic  for a period  60 
seconds..  
 
 
 
 
6
 
Discussion  
 
     From the results shown that  Mouthwash Containing Bio-active Enzyme on 
treatment  for a period of 30,45 and 60 seconds  CFU of  salivary mutans  
streptococci  reduced significantly . Mouthwash Containing Bio-active Enzyme  
on treatment for a period 60 minutes  is the most effective to reduce the 
population  level of mutans streptococi in saliva. 
     In the past study it had been proven that CHX 0.05%  c\n inhibit the growth  
Pseudomonas aeruginos and other bacteria  found on the Fulnus laceratum2, 
     Sterilization  with CHX  solution 0.05% can inhibit the growth bacteria  of the 
normal flora in skin3. 
     In vitro study   bacteria  isolated  from dental unit water lines  showed that 
Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05%  has bacterial activity against  Pseudomonas 
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium spp, Diptheroid spp 
Propionibacterium , Micrococcus, Streptococcus spp.4. 
      Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% chemically 
it consists of 1.6-bis-p 
chlorophenyl-biguanidohexane . It has a broad anti microbial spectrum and 
generally  more effective against gram-positive than against gram – negative  
bacteria. .It is inactive against bacterial spores at room temperature. .CHX  
inhibits some viruses and is active against some fungi, CHX is bactericidal  and 
act as  detergent by damaging  the cell mebrane5. 
 
Conclusion and Suggestion  
 
    
The results show that mouthwash containing Bio- active enzyme 
Lysozyme, Lactoferin ,Glucose Oxidase,Lactoperoxidase has antimicrobial 
activity against salivary mutans streptococci..It can be used to prevent caries   
 
Acknowledgement  
 
We would like to thank  P.T Johnson & Johnson Indonesia  which has 
supported the research from the first beginning 
 
References 
 
1. 
Soeherwin Mangundjaja,1993. Streptococcus mutans in Children in the 
Island of Panggang .Indonesia. Paper read at  Asian Pacific Dental 
Congress 1993 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia. 
2. 
S.Mangundjaja.,A Muthalib.,A Djais ,1993. Streptococcus mutans in  
Caries –free and Caries –active subjects in Panggang Island Indonesia 
Paper read at International Association for Dental Research General 
session and Exhibition 1995, Singapore  
3. 
S.Mangundjaja., A Muthalib, 1995. Activity of Streptococcus mutans  
Isolated from Human harboring Species in Kelapa Island Indonesia. 
Paper read at FDI Conference 1995, Hongkong. 
4.  
Roitt I.M and Lehner T 1980. Immunology of Oral Diseases Black Well  
 
7
Scientific  Publi.Oxford ed 2;346 – 349 
5. 
Soerodjo,1989.Respon Imun Humoral terhadap Streptococcus  
mutans Sehubungan dengan Penyakit Karies Gigi. 
Disertasi Doktor Universitas Airlangga  1989 Surabaya  
6. 
S.Mangundjaja.,R.Khairun.,Nisa.,S.Lasaryna., 
E .Fauzia.,Mutya,2000.Pengaruh Obat Kumur Khlorheksidin terhadap 
Populasi Kuman Streptococcus mutans di dalam Air Liur. 
 
Paper read at Indonesian Society for Microbiology Congress  27 – 28 
June 2000  Denpasar Bali 
7. 
Shaeken M.J.M.,Vander hoeven C.S., Franken H.M.C 1986. Comparative 
Recovery of Streptococcus mutans on Five Isolation Media Including a 
New Simple Selective Medium. J,dent Res ,1986;65;906-908 
  
---000--- 
 
Presented at The 2nd International Dental Collaboration of the Mekong River 
Region Congress November 18 – 21 November , 2007 Bangkok Thailand