THE EFFECTS OF NON-STEROIDAL
ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS
(NSAIDS)
ON OESOPHAGEAL CANCER
A thesis submitted for degree of Doctor of Philosophy
By
Liu Jun Feng
September 2006
I
Content
Content ................................................................................................................................. I
List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... IV
List of Figures .....................................................................................................................V
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................VIII
Publications related to this thesis.................................................................................... IX
Signed Statement ................................................................................................................X
Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... XI
Chapter 1. Literature review............................................................................................. 1
1.1. Epidemiological differences in oesophageal cancer between China and the West ..................1
1.2. The results from surgical treatment of oesophageal cancer in China and the West .................3
1.3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the prevention of cancers.......................................5
1.3.1. Evidence for preventive effects of NSAIDs in cancer ......................................................5
1.3.2. Anticancer mechanisms of NSAIDs .................................................................................7
1.3.2.1. COX-2 and tumourigenesis .......................................................................................7
1.3.2.2. Effects of NSAIDs on cancer ....................................