International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 5 Issue 6, September-October 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 835 Conceptual Elements of Natural Climatic Control in Buildings through Daylighting for Thermal Comfort and Energy Conservation Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji Principal-Part Time Diploma Course, Vice-Principal, S. V. Polytechnic College, Department of Technical Education, Employment and Skill Development, M. P. Govt., Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Visual solace in a structure is a significant as the warm solace. The animated by the light reflected from objects and the light can be e created misleadingly by an electric bulb by the accessible regular light (day). The warmth acquire from fake lighting age substantially more on the grounds that in a light, just a negligible part of the electrical energy is changed over into light energy, the rest being changed over into to warm, though the warming impact of day lighting is around 1 watt for every lumen. This is between 1/2 and 1/10 of normal fake lighting elective regardless, position of counterfeit lighting is vital in a structure to take instance of the time of dimness. Day lighting can diminish the considering ruler and the costs an electrical energy e during the daytime. KEYWORDS: Sun, Daylight, Visual Comfort, Bulb, Natural Light, Energy, Lumen, Heat, Artificial Light, Light Energy How to cite this paper: Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Conceptual Elements of Natural Climatic Control in Buildings through Daylighting for Thermal Comfort and Energy Conservation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6, October 2021, pp.835-841, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47518.pdf Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION Daylight factor- The quantitative parameter that describes day lighting in a building is the daylight factor (DF) defined as- DF = (E1/E0) x 100% Where E1= illumination Indore of the point of observation E0= illumination outdoor from an observation Sky conditions- The sky condition where is from place to place depending upon the energy
A uniform bright 5 kg
C.I.A. standard overcast sky (Hopkinson 1963) where the expression for brightness B0 at the angle theta is given by B0= B2 (1+2 sin©)/3 Where B2: brightness Sky express for B©= B2 cosec © When © lies between 15 degree and 90 degree. The Indian code foredaylighting in buildings outdoor sky condition with ©= 15 degree For lighting in buildings during the daytime in the tropics and for openings illuminated laterally, it is proposed to you consider a suitable theoretical sky best on a 16 altitude of 15 degree. This curve spends to a period of 1, 1/2 hours after sunrise and identically period before sunset. The period between the above two periods represents habit jewel working hours. It also Canvas point’s to low level of sunlight in the open and any lighting scheme best on this exemption will ensure energy day lighting during the working hours. IJTSRD47518 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 836 Day lighting- Daylight within a building has a major effect on the appearance of space and can have considerable energy efficiency implications. Component of daylight- Daylight enters a building in three different ways: A. Skylight or diffused sunlight B. Externally reflected light C. Direct sunlight Light also carries hit with a inside the buildings. In temperature climate, where occupants rarely approach conditions of heat stress, the over position of daylight it is not considered a disadvantage thus the problem around the position of minimum daylight level for a reasonable proportion of the occupied day. This leads typically to daylight factors ranging between 0.5% and 5% according to building types. In tropically climates the sky brightness is higher and less variable reasonably. The result of over illumination is more serious thus daylight factor tends to be somewhat over. In tropical climates the head to control sunlight, which is between 5 and 10 times more intense then the diffuse component, increases the problem. Tropical buildings are equipped with heavy shadings devices successful excluding direct sunlight but reducing daylight levels so much that artificial lighting is required all day. If movable shades are employed these can be used DTU to vary e the daylight factors also to suit conditions thus making the original design less critical. Target daylight factors- Template climate the choice of a value for the day light factors (DF) effect on the energy efficiency of a daylight building. This is for two reasons firstly; the low thermal insulation of glazing carries of a heavy penalty in heating energy. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 837 Thus a minimum of glazed area sufficient to provide adequate day lighting is an important target. Secondly, the short daylight hours of the winter mean that the position to artificial lighting will Occurs during the working day and this proportion point will be sensitive to the daylight factor and the high level requirement for functional purpose. The tropical buildings the situation is table different and generally less criticized. In air conditioned buildings there is on energy penalty for the area of openings (usually enclosed) but there may be discomfort due to glazing and heating effect due to lighting. The second difference is that the day is rather more uniform then in high latitude and sky brightness is significantly higher. Latitude between 10 degree to 20 degree and Everest design sky brightness of 10000 Lux has been recommended to be used for daylight calculations. Recommended value of daylight factor for domestic- Buildings- Housing- Minimum daylight factor Kitchen: 1.0 to 1.5 Living room and desk for utilizing 0.5 to 1.5 Bedroom and dressing table 0.25 to 1.0 Circulation 0.2 Entrance halls and reception area 0.3 General offices 1.0 School assembly halls 0.2 School class rooms 1.0 Daylight variation with size and location of the window- The size of the window and its placement affects the illumination level Indoors International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 838 Lighting- Energy efficient buildings sewed make as much use of natural light as possible, bell and bust (1985) Recommend 5 aspects of day lighting 1. The view of the buildings 2. The effect of daylight is the appearance of interiors. 3. Combining daylight and artificial light 4. The treatment of sunlight International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 839 Lighting is important because if it's occupant experience. The use of window and the plan form building was very much influence by this limits of natural lights admission. Daylight- The principal factors influencing level of daylight are 1. The orientation of windows 2. The angle of tilt of windows 3. The abstraction to light admission newly buildings The reflecting of surrounding surface aspects of day lighting- 1. Windows provide a view out and time orientation for occupants. 2. Occupants more readily accept variable illumination when daylight is the light source. 3. Natural light gifts true perception of air rendering and it is the norm. 4. To expect to supply all lighting requirements using daylight in non-domestic buildings. Design for daylight- Following aspect should be considered- 1. The amount of glazing obviously influence the amount of daylight available but greater window area is always better it may simply increase contrast. 2. Large windows admit light but also lead to heat gain and heat loss routes and thus potential thermal discomfort. 3. The amount of sky which can be seen from the interior is a critical factor in determining satisfactory day lighting. 4. High window heads permit hire lighting in Port as more sky is visible. 5. Daylight normal penetrates about 4-6 m from the window into the room. 6. External obstraction/ buildings which subtend an angle of less than 25 degree to the horizontal. 7. Adequate daylight level can be achieved up to a deft of apart 2-5 times the window head height. 8. Roof light spacing should be 1.5 times the ceiling height. 9. In non-domestic buildings, the window area should be about 20% of the floor area to provide sufficient light to a depth of about 1.5 times the height of the room. 10. Internal reflectance’s should be kept as high as possible. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 840 Glare- Glare problems arise when very high level of either delight or sunlight enters a space or whenthere is severe contrast between areas in close proximity. Building and more areas should be screened from direct sunlight especially low angle sunlight. Artificial lighting- Energy e used for artificial lighting can be minimized by existing natural light. The method of comforting lighting systems need careful consideration to optimize performance of air types of contrast are available- 1. Time control 2. Occupancy linked control 3. Daylight linked control 4. Localized switching CONCLUSIONS- The engineering plan and arranging tremendously affect the warming, cooling and lighting of a structure. All things considered, structures can be consolidated into finishing strategies. These procedures can lessen a structure's energy prerequisites during every one of the four seasons, by shutting out the sweltering summer sun, empowering warming sun oriented radiation in winter, avoiding cold winter winds and diverting breezes for cooling in spring, summer and fall. In lessening the measure of cooling energy needed by a structure, arranging might be helpful by straightforwardly concealing the structure with trees, bushes or plants, concealing the region around the structure to bring down the temperature of its environmental elements, and utilizing ground covers to decrease daylight reflected into the structure and lower the encompassing ground temperatures. In this association, trees ought not be established nearer than 3.0 m or 4.5 m from the structure's establishment. Bushes are regularly a decent option for concealing dividers and windows since they become more rapidly than trees and might be established nearer to the structure since their root structures are more averse to cause harm. Plants might be prepared to climb wire, lattice constructions to give confined shade in the mid-year. Be certain that there is satisfactory room between bushes or plants and the structure to permit wind stream and assist present with embellishment or buildup development on the divider. Plants develop rapidly; ensure that they stay on their wire or lattice structure and don't move onto the structure to keep away from harm to the siding. References: [1] Bainbridg, D. A., &Haggarol, K. (2020). Passive solar architecture: heating, cooling, ventilation, daylighting and more uses natural flows. [2] Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. Bertauski, T. (2019). Designing the landscape: An introductory guide for the landscape designer. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47518 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 841 [3] Haque M. T., Tai, L., & Ham, D. (2018). “Landscaping design for energy effiency”. USA: Carolina Energy Office, Clemson University Digital Press. [4] Kachadorian, J. (2017). The passive solar house: using solar design to heat & cool your home. Second edition. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing Company. [5] Lechner, N. (2016). Heating, cooling, lighting: sustainable design methods for architects. Fourth edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [6] Marsh, W. M. (2015). Landscape planning environmental applications. Fifth edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [7] Snodgrass, E. C., &Mclntyre, L. (2014). The green roof manual: A professional guide to design, installation, and maintenance. London: Timber press. [8] Vassigh, S., Özer, E., &Spiegelhalter, T. (2013). Best practices in sustainable building design. Florida: J. Ross Publishing, Inc. [9] Walker, T. D. (2012). Planting design. Second edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [10] Walker, L., & Newman, S. (2011). Landscaping for energy conservation. Colorado: Colorado State University Extension. Publications. no. 7. 225. [11] Weiler, S. K., &Scholz-Barth, K. (2011). Green roof systems: A guide to the planning, design and construction of landscapes over structure. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.