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TABLES 147-158.-SPECIFIC HEAT T A B L E 147.-SPECIFIC H E A T OF T H E CHE,MlCAL ELEMENTS When one temperature is given the true specific heat is given, otherwise the mean specific heat cal "C-'g-' between the given limits. Element t"C Sp ht Element t"C Sp ht Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . -250 -200 -150 -100 - 50 0 100 300 600 16, 100 Antimony . . . . . . . . . . . -207.1 -150 -100 - 50 n .0039 .076 .1367 .1676 .1914 .2079 .225 .248 .277 .212 .0322 Cerium .... .. -253, -196 20, 100 .033 .0511 .226 .0599 .0797 .0941 Chlorine . . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 24 Chromium . . . . . . . . , . -150 -100 - 50 0 100 500 .1044 .112 .150 600 18, 100 . .... .. ...... -150 -100 - 50 0 .187 .111 .0672 ,0809 ,0914 .1028 ,0412 ,0448 .0476 .0494 ,0477 ,0504 .054 ,032 .0666 .078 .068 ,017 .445 ,425 .0264 .0273 .0282 .0291 ,0294 .0304 ,0292 Cobalt . 20 100 200 .iooi .1067 .1134 Copper ............. -189 -150 -100 - 50 .0506 .0674 .0783 ,0862 ,0910 .0939 .1259 ,0928 ,0994 .0049 ,044 .084 .074 .0018 .0040 .0211 .0266 .0281 .0293 .0302 .0312 ,0314 .057 18 Barium .... . .. -185, +20 Beryllium . . . . . . . . . . . -202 45, 50 0, 100 Bismuth .... .... .... -150 -100 - 50 n 0 100 900 18, 100 18, 600 Gallium . . . . . . . . . . . . -258.1 - 73.1 -213.1 Germanium ....... .. 0, 100 Gold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -258.1 -252.8 -209.5 -150 -100 - 50 0 18 100 Indium . . ........... 0, 100 26 100 297 fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boron .... ( S ) ,287 ,472 .510 .168 .307 ,0205 .0659 Bromine, (s) ... (s) ... ........ - 73.1 .080 .088 ,107 .0019 .0415 .0518 .0552 .0569 .060 ,0482 .168 .1625 isj ............... - 13.1 (I) . . .... .... . .... 13, 45 Cadmium ....... . . .. -263 -203.1 -103.1 27.9 107.9 277 Cesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0, 26 Calcium .. . ......... 24 100 300 600 Carbon, graph.. -191, -79 -76. 0 . . . . . . . -263.2 -255.9 -221.1 -90, +17 Iridium ..... .. -186, +18 18, 100 Iron, pure . . . . . . . . . . -256.2 -240.7 Iodine . . . . . . . .0037 .0118 ,0353 ,0485 ,0282 .0323 .00067 .00355 .0194 ,0512 .0939 .1043 .115 .163 .320 -214.0 - 1 72.6 - 67.5 0 .1832 .188 .057 .126 .0025 .053 .112 .177 .454 .lo44 .264 .428 a, p, y ............. 100 500 760 1000 y ................ 100 700 1000 . . . . . . . . . 0, 100 Lanthanum wcd) .162 .127 .157 .162 .0448 (con itin SMITHMNIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 156 TABLE 147.-SPECIFIC HEAT OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (continued) Element t"C Sp ht Element t'C SII ht Lead .. . .. . .. .. . .... -270 -267 -259 -150 -100 - 50 0 100 300 (1) ......_........ 360 500 Lithium . . . . . . . . . . . . . -183 -100 50 +190 Magnesium . . . . . . . . . -150 -100 - 50 0 100 300 600 (1) ............. 650, 775 Manganese .... -188, -79 -79, +15 60 325 20, 100 -100 0 100 Mercury(s) . . . . . . . . . -263.3 -267.2 -259.8 -245.6 -220.2 -163.7 - 81.4 - 43.1 - 33.1 - 3.1 + 17 Molybdenum . . . . . . . . -257 -239.1 -181.5 -152.7 - 34.5 0 + 5.3 +loo 250 Nickel .. ............ -258 -247.9 -201.2 -150 -100 - 50 n (1) .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 100 500 900 1500 .00001 .00086 .0073 ,0279 .0283 .0289 .0297 .0320 .0356 .0375 .0370 .3 . .600 .96 1.374 . 1 767 .2025 ,2228 .2316 .257 -279 __ . .311 .284 .0820 .lo91 .1211 .1783 .1211 .0979 .lo72 .1143 .00552 .00620 .00783 .0172 ,0255 .0298 .0324 .0337 .0338 .0335 ,0333 .0004 .0034 .0300 .0399 .0561 .0589 .0589 ,0612 .0632 ,0008 ,0024 ,0363 .0660 .0817 .0940 .lo32 ,1146 .1270 .1413 ,031 1 .0528 .0538 .0564 .0653 .0717 .0766 Phosphorus, yellow.. . -136 - 40 + 9 red ..... -136 - 40 + 9 0 500 750 -201.3 - 53.1 + 3.4 (1) ............... 90 181 Rhenium ............ 0, 20 Rhodium ....... .... 10, 97 Rubidium (s) . . .. .. . 0 Ruthenium . . .. . . . . . . 0, 100 Selenium ......... .. 3 (1) . .... .......... 50 16.5 20.5 29.5 32 38 41.7 20 Silicon . . . . . . . .... Silver . . . . . . . . . .. -212 -143.3 - 86.2 + 13.9 18.2, 99.1 18.0. 900.6 .... . -238 -150 -100 - 50 0 100 300 900 20-900 20-1200 Sodium . . . . . . . . . . . . . -256.1 -238.5 -155.5 (1) .._............ 100 Sulfur .. ...... -188, +18 (1) ............. 115, 160 rhom ............ 15, 96 monoclinic . . . . . . . . 0, 52 Tantalum . . . . . . . . . . . -201.7 +380 900 1100 1400 .124 .165 .189 .107 .182 .190 .0012 .0073 .0211 .0261 .0307 .0316 .0349 .0365 ,0381 ,0400 .03 19 .0346 .032 .045 .140 .172 .177 .zoo .196 .035 .058 4802 .0908 .0611 .072 .075 .077 .085 .127 ,131 .130 .09 ,029 ,087 .126 ~ ,168 .181 ,210 .0146 ,0461 .0505 ,0537 .n557 .0564 .0601 .0685 .0650 .0880 .026 .108 .245 .32 .137 ,220 .176 .181 .0205 .035 .036 .043 .044 (continued) SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 157 TABLE 147.-SPECIFIC HEAT OF T H E CHEMICAL ELEMENTS (concluded) Element t"C Sp ht Element .047 Tungsten .0483 .0487 .288 .311 .0326 .0197 .0276 t"C -247.1 -218.4 -173.1 - 73.1 Sp ht 3012 .0098 .0205 Tellurium ..... -188, +18 15, 100 15, 200 4288 Thallium ........... -135 28 + 26.9 100 500 1000 1500 0, 98 0, 100 0.100 .0321 .0320 .0344 .0367 ,0390 ,0280 .1153 20, 100 Thorium ..... -253, -196 0. 100 Tin ................ -203.5 -186.7 -150 -100 - 50 0 + 25 100 1100 Titanium ...... -185, +20 0, 100 .0385 Uranium ..... Vanadium Zinc .0422 .0450 .0483 .0512 ... ......... ....... ....... .095 .0071 ,0573 .0740 .OM4 .0871 .0913 .0957 .lo43 .lo89 -252.4 -201.3 -150 -100 - 50 0 100 300 400 .0536 ,0548 .0577 .0758 .082 .1125 TABLE 148.-FORMULAE FOR TRUE SPECIFIC HEATS Range Element "C Antimony .............................. .0493 + .000012 t 0-500 Bismuth ................................ .0292 + .000012 t 0-200 Chromium ............................. ,1055 + .00010 t - .00000015 tZ 0-400 Cobalt ................................. .lo00 + .000067 t 0-400 Copper ................................. .0915 + .000024 t 0-300 Iron ................................... .lo60 + ,000096 t 0400 Lead ................................... .0295 + .00002 t 0-300 Magnesium ............................. 2370 + .000142 t - .0000001 t2 0400 Nickel ................................. .lo20 + .000118 t - .00000006 tZ 1o 0-300 Platinum ............................... .03162 + .00000617 t + 2.33 X 10- t 0-1625 Silver .................................. .0556 + .000008 t 0400 Tin .................................... .0525 + .000052 t 0-200 Zinc ................................... ,0913 + .000044 t 0-300 TABLE 149.-HEAT CAPACITIES, TRUE AND MEAN SPECIFIC HEATS, AND LATENT HEATS AT FUSION The constants a, b, and c of the equations for the heat capacity: W = a + bt + ct'; for the mean specific heat : s = at-' + b + ct; and for the true specific heat : s' = b + 2ct; the latent heats at fusion are also given. Tempera- Tempera- ture Latent ture Latent Ele- range heat Ele. range heat ment "C a b cxlOe cal/g ment "C a b cxl00 cal/g Cr .. Mo . . w .. Pt .. Sn .. 0-1500 0-1500 0-1500 0-1500 0-232 232-1000 0-270 270-1000 0-321 321-1000 0-327 327-1000 0-419 41 9-1000 0-630 630-1000 0-657 657-1000 - - - - - 14.33 10.31 6.30 6.07 14.34 39.42 102.39 - - - - - - .lo233 ,06162 .03325 .03121 .06829 .07020 ,03141 ,03107 .05550 .06952 ,03591 ,02920 .08777 .13340 ,05179 .05090 .22200 21870 33.47 10.99 1.07 3.54 Ag .. 0-961 961-1300 Au .. 0-1064 1064-1 300 Cu .. 0-1084 1084-1300 Mn.. 0-1070 1130-1210 1230-1250 Ni .. 0-320 3 30-145 1 1451-1520 Co .. 0-950 1100-1478 1478-1600 Fe .. 0-725 785-919 919-1404 1405-1528 1528-1600 - 53.17 ,05725 .00710 ,03171 ,01420 .lo079 -.04150 .12037 .17700 ,19800 ,10950 .12931 ,13380 .09119 .11043 ,14720 ,10545 .1592 ,14472 .21416 ,15012 5.48 28.30 1.30 8.52 3.05 26.0 15.9 41.0 - - - - - - 13.8 10.2 10.8 - - - 5.47 - 23.0 38.9 94.0 - - - - 26.35 130.74 - -18.30 5.22 5.41 6.28 6.37 11.47 - 3.30 43.48 -16.10 3.00 2.96 38.57 24.00 65.6 25.41 Bi .. Cd .. Pb .. Zn .. Sb .. A1 . . 36.6 24.14' - - 7.41 3.83 - 52.40 .ll 56.1 1.33* .41 50.21 40.77 14.57 58.2 14.70' 22.00 57.72 - 56.84 49.4 6.56' 6.67* 1.94. - 1.63 18.31 -77.18 70.03 - .05 Allotropic heat of transformation: Mn, 1070-1130; Ni, 320-33O0; Co, 950-1100; Fe, 725-785'; 919" f 1; 1404.5" f 0.5. SMITHSNIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 158 TABLE 150.-SPECIFIC HEAT OF VARIOUS SOLIDS Part 1 Alloys : Bell metal .................... Solid .......................... Temperature "C 15-98 ... 0 ... 0 18 ............... ....... 100 80 Cu+20 Sn ............................ 14-98 Consptan. 60 Cu. 40 Ni ................................... German silver . . ................................. 0-100 Lipowitz alloy : 24 10.13 Cd + 50.66 Bi + 14.24 Sn .... Lipowitz alloy ............................................ 100-150 Manganin: 84 Cu. 4 Ni. 12 Mn .............................. Monel metal .............................................. 20-1300 5-50 18 ' I .............................. 100 Rose's alloy: 27.5 Pb + 48.9 Bi + 23.6 Sn - 77-20 ...................... 20-89 . 43 Bi + 14.73 Sn ...... 5-50 Wood's alloy : Wood's alloy : (fluid) ...................................... 100-150 17.5 Sb + 29.9 Bi + 18.7 Zn + 33.9 Sn ....................... 20-99 37.1 Sb + 62.9 Pb ......................................... 10-98 39.9 Pb + 60.1 Bi ............................ ........ 16-99 63.8 Bi + 36.2 Sn ............................ ........ 20-99 46.9 Bi + 53.1 Sn ......................................... 20-99 Gas coal .................................................... 20-1040 Glass, normal thermometer 16"'. ............... .......... 19-100 French hard thermometer .................................. crown ....................................... 10-50 flint ......................... ...................... 10-50 Miscellaneous alloys : Ize ............................. ...................... - 80 ........... ............................. ' " ............................................. ............................................. India rubber (Para) ......................................... ?-I00 Mica .................. .................................. 20 Payffin ..................................... ... - 20- + 3 .................................................... - 19- +20 .................................................... 0-20 ....................... ....................... 3540 ....................... 60-63 " ' Woods ..................................................... 20 S ecific teat cal/k "C) . 0858 . 0899 . 0883 . 0862 . 0977 . 1018 . 0946 . 0345 . 0426 . 0973 . 1 004 . 127 . 0356 . 0552 . 0352 . 0426 . 0566 . 0388 . 0316 . 0400 . 0450 . 3145 . 1988 . 1869 . 161 . 117 .350 .622 .712 .327 (continued) SMITHSOMIAN PHYSICAL TABLES TABLE 150.-SPECIFIC H E A T OF VARIOUS SOLIDS (continued) Part 2 * 159 I Compound Mineral -200' AL03 ........... corundum ... .069 ALSi20r.2HzO * . kaolin .......... 2(AIF)O. SiOz .. topaz .......... Be3Al,SiaOls ..... beryl . . . . . . . . . . . CaA1,Si20s ...... anorthite . . . . . . . CaC03 .......... calcite ....... .28 CaFz ............ fluorite ...... .22 CaMgSizOa ...... diopside . . . . . . . . CaS04*2Hz0 .... gypsum ...... ,322 CaWO. ......... scheelite . . . . . . . . Fe203 ........... hematite . . . . . . . . FeS ............ a troilite ..... ,238 4 troilite ........ FeSz ............ pyrite ....... .075 H,O ............ ice .......... ,653 HgS ........... a cinnabar . . . . . . KCI ............ sylvite ....... .418 KN03 .......... a niter ....... .326 p niter .......... C , (joules per gram) for temperatures in "C 0" 200" 400" 800" 12009 liquid .......... Mg3Al2Si30~2 .... garnet ;. . . . . . . . . MgC03 ......... magnesite ... ,161 MgO ........... periclase ..... ,066 Mg3H2Si,Ol1 .... talc ............ NaCl ........... halite ....... ,466 liquid .......... Na2B401.10 H20 . borax .......... PbS ............ galena ....... .142 SiO, ............ a quartz ..... .173 ZnS ... p quartz . . . . . . . . a cristobalite . .186 p cristobalite . . . . glass ........ ,184 } .430 a wurtzite p sphalerite .... .72 1.00 .99 1.17 .70 .95 .793 1.00 .85 .89 .69 .98 (.83 at 50") (34 at 50") 1.03 (.40 at 50")' ' ' .61 .79 ,606 ... ... .635 .SO0 .594 2.06 ... .214 ,227 .682 .715 ... ... 1.19 ... 1.22 (.74'at 58") 264 ... ,870 1.09 (37 at 59") .855 .915 (.i6i at 35oj" .207 ,221 .698 .969 ... ... .69 1.01 .70 .95 .45 .53 ... ... 1.10 1.35 1.05 1.13 .93 1.06 ... ... ... ... .90 .66 .69 .240 .749 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.16 ... .975 ,235 1.129 ... ... ... ... 1.074 1.06 .56 1.19 ... ... ... 1.17 1.01 1.15 1.08 .71 (.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.24 1.095 1.14 ... ... ... ... 1.174 1.171 1.21 337 ... 1.26 ... ... ... 1.27 1.10 1.20 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.30 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.327 1.21 1.34 ... ... *For reference, see footnote 45, p. 136. (conthziied) SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 160 TABLE 150.-SPECIFIC H E A T OF VARIOUS SOLIDS (concluded) Part 3 Rock Igneous C , (joules per gram) for temperatures in "C 0' 2000 400" 800' 1200" c ,A Granite : .................. .65 .95 1.07 1.13 ... 1 65% orthoclase 25% quartz 9% albite 1% magnetite Basalt : Syracuse Aetna Kilauea Metamorphic ..................... .85 1.04 1.145 1.32 1.49 ............................ Gneiss .74 1.01 ... ... Sandstone : ........................ ( .93 at 59") Micaceous ....................... ( .73 at 50") Japanese (mean of 4). ............ ( .81 at 65") English (mean of 8). ............. ( .81 at 50") ... 1 Clay, amorphous ................... .75 .94 1.13 1.51 ... Limestone ......................... (1.00at 58") English (mean of 3). .............. (' .68 at 50") Japanese (mean of 10). ........... ( .83 at 65") TABLE 151.-ATOMIC HEATS (50"K), SPECIFIC HEATS (50"K), ATOMIC VOLUMES OF T H E ELEMENTS Li .... .1924 Ee ... .0137 PJ .... ,0212 C** ... ,0137 cp .... .0028 S a ... .1519 Mg ... .0713 A1 ... ,0413 Si8 ... .0303 Si' ... ,0303 P, yel. . ,0774 P, red.. ,0431 S .... .0516 C1 .... ,0967 K . . _ . ,1280 Ca ... ,0714 Ti .... .0205 Cr .... .0142 Mn ... ,0229 4- 0 .- V E 5: g< 2" < > 1.35 13.0 .125 4.9 2 4 4.5 .16 5.1 .03 3.4 3.50 23.6 1.74 14.1 1.12 10.0 .86 14.2 .77 11.4 2.40 17.0 1.34 13.5 1.75 16. 3.43 24.6 5.01 44.7 2.86 25.9 .99 10.7 .70 7.6 1.26 7.4 .- - - * i B Fe .... Ni .... co ... cu ... Zn ... As ... Se .... Br ... Rb ... Sr' ... Zr .... Mo ... Ru ... Rh ... Pd ... Ag ... Cd ... Sn ... U 15, 2s .0175 .0208 ,0207 ,0245 .0384 .0258 .0361 .0453 ,071 1 .0550 .0262 .01.41 ,0109 ,0134 ,0190 ,0242 .0308 ,0286 Urn u u " .- g z 2s .98 1.22 1.22 1.56 2.52 1.94 2.86 3.62 6.05 4.82 2.38 1.36 1.11 1.38 2.03 2.62 3.46 3.41 .u B 1 7.1 6.7 6.8 7.1 9.2 15.9 18.5 24.9 55.8 34.5 21.8 9.3 9.0 8.5 9.2 10.2 13.0 20.3 22 Ir .... .0099 Pt .... ,0135 Au ... .0160 Hg ... .0232 TI .... .0235 Pb ... .0240 Bi .... .0218 Th ... .0197 U .... .0138 0 'g 5 2" 2.89 4.59 3.68 6.82 4.80 4.60 4.64 1.75 1.49 1.92 2.63 3.16 4.65 4.80 4.96 4.54 4.58 3.30 0 .U E % 2* 18.2 25.7 21.2 71.0 36.0 22.6 20.3 9.8 8.5 8.6 9.2 10.2 14.8 17.2 18.3 21.3 21.1 12.8 * cal g-1 "C-1. t cal g atom-' "C-1. ** Graphite. 1: Diamond. 8 Fused. li Crystallized. II Impure. SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES TABLE 152.4PECIFIC H E A T OF WATER AND MERCURY'O (1 cat = 4.1840 J) 161 Specific heat of water Specific heat of mercury I h , c, c, CP CP CP Temp. ctl 8-1 Temp. c$l g-1 Temp. c$l g-1 T y p . c:l g-1 Temp. c$l g-1 "C C-1 "C C -1 "C C -1 C c-1 "C C-1 0 5 10 15 16 .9989 9 8 9 .9988 9 8 7 70 75 80 85 1.0013 1.0021 1.0029 1.0039 0 5 10 15 20 25 .03346 90 .03340 100 .03335 110 .03330 120 .03325 130 ,03320 140 .03277 .03269 .03262 .03255 .03248 ,03231 1.0004 1.0002 1 .oooo 9 9 8 .9996 .9995 .9993 .9992 .9991 990 .9987 .9987 .9986 .9987 .9989 .9992 .9996 1.0001 1 BOO6 90 95 100 1.0050 1.0063 1.0076 1.0162* 1.0223* 1.0285* 1.0348* 1.0410, 1.0476* 17 30 18 19 20 21 22 35 40 45 50 55 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 ,03316 150 .0324 .0322 ~~~ 120 140 160 180 200 . ~ ~ ~ . .03m i70 .03308 190 .03300 210 ,03291 .. . .03289 . . . .0320 .03 19 ... ... ... 23 24 60 65 220 .03284 4s Nat. Bur. Standards Journ. Res., RP 1228, vol. -73. p. 197, 1939. Barnes-Regnault. TABLE 153.-SPECIFIC H E A T OF VARIOUS LIQUIDS TFmp Liquid C Alcohol. ethvl ........ .. -20 Spec heat CIS T p p Liquid C Ethyl ether ............ 0 Glycerine . . . . . . . . . . . 15-50 KOH +30 H,O ........ 18 " + 100 " ........ 18 NaOH + 50 HZO . . . . . . 18 " + l o o " ...... 18 NaCl+ 10 H,O . . . . . . . , 18 " +200 (' ........ 18 Napht!alene, CIoHs . . . . . 80-85 90-95 Nitrobenzole . . . . . . . . . . . 14 28 Oils: Castor . . .. . . . . . . . - Citron ..... .... .. 5.4 Olive . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Sesame Turpentine ...... . 0 Petroleum . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-58 S:a w:Fer, y. 5;. 1.0043. 17.5 1.0235. 17.5 ' I ' I " " 1.0463. 17.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - ToIuoI, CaHs ... .... .... 10 ' 65 85 ZnSO, + 50 HA0 . . . . . . 20-52 " + 200 . . .. . . 20-52 Spec heat cgs .so5 .548 .529 .576 .876 .975 .... " ' L' - ' ' Alc;hol, mepyi ' : .. A$in . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " ' I " I' " " " " I' " " 1.20. . . . . . . 0 40 .648 .590 .601 .514 .520 .529 .340 ,423 .482 .764 .775 .787 .695 .712 .725 .651 .663 .676 .848 .951 .975 .464 .482 5-10 15-20 15 30 50 .942 .983 .791 .978 ,396 .409 .350 .362 .434 .438 .471 ,387 .411 .511 .980 .938 .903 .364 .490 .534 .842 .952 ........... Benf;ole, Ce,H6 . . . . .... 10 40 65 -15 0 +20 -20 n ....... u . .. . . .. +20 1' " ' I " (' I' ' I 1.26.. . . . . . -20 " ' I " " " '. I' " ....... 0 ....... +20 ....... 12-15 ....... 12-14 ....... 12-17 .... 53 .... 65 SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 162 TABLE 154.-SPECIFIC H E A T OF LIQUID AMMONIA UNDER SATU RAT1 ON CON DlTl ONS Expressed in calories2o per gram per degree C Temp "C -40 -30 -20 -10 - 0 + O +lo +20 +30 + 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.062 1.061 1.060 1.059 1.058 1.058 1.057 1.056 1.055 1.070 1.069 1.068 1.067 1.066 1.065 1.064 1.064 1.063 1.078 1.077 1.076 1.075 1.074 1.074 1.073 1.072 1.071 1.088 1.087 1.086 1.085 1.084 1.083 1.082 1.081 1.080 1.099 1.098 1.097 1.096 1.094 1.093 1.092 1.091 1.090 1.099 1.100 1.101 1.103 1.104 1.105 1.106 1.108 1.109 1.112 1.113 1.114 1.116 1.117 1.118 1.120 1.122 1.123 1.126 1.128 1.129 1.131 1.132 1.134 1.136 1.137 1.139 1.142 1.144 1.146 1.148 1.150 1.152 1.154 1.156 1.158 1.162 1.164 1.166 1.169 1.171 1.173 1.176 1.178 1.181 9 1.055 1.062 1.070 1.079 1.089 1.110 1.125 1.141 1.160 1.183 TABLE 155.-HEAT CONTENT OF SATURATED LIQUID AMMONIA Heat content = H = E + pv, where E is the internal or intrinsic energy. Temperature "C ... -50" -40" -30" -20" -10" 0" +lo" +20" +30" $40" +SO" H = + BV . . . . . . -53.8 -43.3 -32.6 -21.8 -11.0 0.0 +ll.l +22.4 -33.9 -45.5 -57.4 TABLE 156.--SPECIFIC HEAT OF MINERALS AND ROCKS Substance Andalusite . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anhydrite, CaSO, . . . . . . . Apatite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auqite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barite, BaSO, .. .. ... ... Beryl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Borax, Na2B10, fused.. . Calcite. CaCOa . . . . . . . . . ,Cassiterite Sn02 . . . . . . . . Chalcopyrite . . . . . . . . . . . Corundum . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cryolite, ALFo.6NaF . . . Fluorite, CaF? . . . . . . . . . . Galena, PbS .. ... .. .. ... Garnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hematite, Fe203 . . . . , , . . Hornblende . . . . . . . . . . . . Hypersthene . . . . . . . . . . . Labradorite . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnetite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Malachite, CuKO,H20 . . Mica (Mg) ............ ( KJ Oligoclase . . . . . . . . . Orthoclase . . . . . . . . . Pyrolusite. MnOl . . . Quartz, Si02 . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . Tempera. ture "C 0-100 0-100 15-99 20-98 20-98 10-98 15-99 16-98 0-50 0-100 0-300 16-98 15-99 9-98 16-99 15-99 0-100 16-100 15-99 20-98 20-98 20-98 18-45 15-99 20-98 20-98 20-98 15-99 17-48 12-100 n 358 400-1200 S ecific .168 13-45 .175 16-98 .190 9-96 .195 Spinel ... .. .. .. ..... ... 15-47 .193 Talc .. ... .. .. ...... .... 20-98 .I13 Topaz . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. 0-100 ,198 Wollastonite ........... 19-51 .238 Zinc blende, ZnS. .. . .. .. 0-100 .188 Zircon . ... .. .. ..... .... 21-51 .200 Rocks : Reat Tempera. cgs Substance ture 'C Rock-salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Serpentine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Siderite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 ,093 .129 .198 .252 .215 ,047 .175 ,164 .195 .191 ,195 .156 .176 ,206 ,208 .205 ,188 .159 .188 ,174 ,279 ,305 Basalt, fine, black. . . . . Dolomite . . , . , . , , , , . . . Gneiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-100 20-470 470-750 750-880 880-1190 20-98 17-99 17-213 Granite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-100 Kaolin ... .... .. ..... . 20-98 Lava, Aetna .. ....... . 23-100 Kilauea . . . . . . . . 25-100 Limestone . , . . . . . . . . . . 15-100 Marble .... .... ..... . 0-100 Quartz sand . ...... . .. 20-98 Sandstone Aluminum oxide (Corundum) 31-776 . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Specific heat cgs ,219 ,259 .193 ,194 .209 ,210 ,178 ,115 .132 .200 .199 .243 ,626 .323 .222 .196 .214 .192 224 .201 ,259 .197 ,216 .21 ,191 .n .1731 ,2157 .2438 ,261 1 .2719 .2799 ,2865 .2919 2960 .2995 m a a t . Bur. Standards Journ. Res., vol. 38, p. 593. 1947. SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL T4BLES TABLE 157.-HEAT CAPACITY OF GASES AND VAPORS** 163 Part 1 Density g/liter Gases (normal) Air ................. 1.2920 Ammonia . . . . . . . . . . . . 7598 Argon* ............. 1.782 Bromine ............ 7.1308 Carbon dioxide ...... 1.9630 Carbon monoxide .... 1.2492 Chlorine ............ 3.1638 Fluorine ............ 1.6954 Helium * ............. 1785 Hydrogen * H . . . . . . . . 045 Hydrogen bromide ... 3.6104 Hydrogen chloride .... 1.6269 Hydrogen fluoride .... A926 Hydrogen iodide ..... 5.7075 Hydrogen sulfide ..... 1.5203 Iodine ............... 11.3250 Krypton * ........... 3.7365 Mercury* Hg ....... 8.9501 Neon * ............... 9005 Kitric oxide ......... 1.3388 Nitrogen ............ 1.2499 Nitrous oxide ........ 1.9638 Hz . . . . . . . 0899 Hgz ...... 17.9003 .. Oxygen ............. 1.4277 Phosphorus pentaoxide . 6.3371 Potassium * K ....... 1.744 Kz ...... 3.4889 Sodium'* Na ........ 1.026 Na2 ........ 2.052 Sulfur .............. 2.8607 Sulfur dioxide ....... 2.858 Water - Xenon* ............. 5.8579 .............. 0 1.004 2.06 . 521 225 . 82 1.04 . 497 . 774 5.2 20.6 14.23 . 363 . 795 1.431 . 234 1.025 . 15 2 5 . 104 . 094 1.03 1 . 00 1.037 . 85 . 916 . 532 . 482 . 904 . 82 . 565 . 61 1.847 . 158 - 1.057 2.74 . 521 . 232 1.12 1.103 . 511 . 818 5.2 20.6 14.87 . 381 A34 1.50 . 245 1.21 . 15 . 25 . 104 . 094 1.03 1.047 1.08 . 954 1.025 1.084 . 532 . 482 . 904 .82 . . 573 . 79 2.052 . 158 Heat capacity. Temperature "C C. in J/g - 1200 400 1.16 3.86 . 521 . 236 1.32 1.245 337 . 906 5.2 20.6 16.14 . 416 . 911 1.634 . 266 1.527 . 15 2 5 . 104 . 094 . 03 . 142 . 21 . 162 . 143 . 084 . 532 . 482 . 904 . 82 . 589 . 875 2.478 . 158 Constants in C p = a f bT-cT-2 J/g Temperature = absolute -7-G-GT . 968 . 132 1.822 1.395 . 521 0 223 . 01 . 894 . 7 . 980 . 18 . 488 . 033 . 744 . 11 5.2 0 20.6 0 13.796 1.59 . 352 . 434 . 769 . 096 1.384 . 169 . 227 . 027 . 962 . 385 . 1s 0 . 25 0 . 101 0 . 094 0 1.03 0 . 968 . 118 . 962 . 167 . 779 . 26 . 944 . 136 1.084 0 332 0 . 482 0 . 904 0 3 2 0 . 56 . 0196 . 762 . 082 1.69 . 535 . 158 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s102 . 197 . 0314 -.021 . 0486 . 132 -.008 Tem- pera- ture range "C 0-2000 0-1 500 0- 0-1400 0-2000 0-2000 0-1700 0-2700 0- 0- 0-2000 0-1700 0-1 700 0-1700 0-1 700 0-1500 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0-2000 0-1500 0-2000 0-2000 360-1 100 0- 0-1 700 0- 0- 30-2000 0-2000 0-2000 0- ** For reference. see footnote 45. p . 1 3 6 . The heat capacity of an ideal monatomlc gas (at constant pressure) is equal to ( 5 / 2 ) R . (continued) SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES 164 TABLE 157.-HEAT CAPACITY OF GASES AND VAPORS (concluded) Part 2 Specific heat (cgs) constant pressure C, .3468 .4534 &lean ratio of specific heats C,/C, Range of Acetone, C3Ho0 ................. 26-110 Substance temperature "C Alcohol, C*H,OH ............... 108-220 Range of temperature "C 53 100 1.133 1.134 1.256 1.403 1.403 1.105 1.102 1.150 1.029 1.024 Alcohol, CHJOH ................ 101-223 .4580 100 20 Benzene, CRH, ................... 34-1 1s 2990 ,3325 .3754 35-180 116-218 60 99.7 Chloroform, CHCI, .............. 27-118 28-189 ,1441 .1489 ,4797 ,4280 . 1 940 .1867 22-78 99.8 42-45 12-20 Ether, C,H,,O ................... 69-224 25-1 11 Hydrochloric acid, HCI.. ......... 13-100 22-214 20 100 1.389 1.400 310 78 94 100 1.666 Mercury ........................ Water vapor, H,O. .............. ,4655 ,421 .51 0 1.274 1.33 1.305 100 180 TABLE 158.--SPECIFIC H E A T OF SILICATES Mean specific heats cgs 0" c to Silicate ~~ Albite ................ ,1948 236 ,256 - " glass .......... ,1977 ,241 ,264 - Amphibole, Mg silicate. ,2033 246 ,266 .273* " glass ..... 2043 247 - - Ande$ne ............. ,1925 233 ,252 - glass ........ ,1934 - ,261 - Anorthite ............ ,1901 229 ,248 ,247 elass ....... ,1883 ,230 - - True-specific heats at rO"C 100" 500' 1000 1300" 211 219 - - 269 ,279 ,265 260 - - - - - ,262 - ,294 .304 - - Cris tobal it; .. -. ........ .1883 242 ,256 268 Diopside ............. .1924 ,231 ,250 260t glass ........ .1939 233 - - Microcline ........... ,1871 .226 245 - elass ...... .1919 232 ,251 .259* ,171 ,201 ,258 ,279 - ,174 ,206 ,244 ,299 - - Pyroxene ............ ,2039 ,248 - - Quartz ............... ,1868 ,237 ,259 .264* Silica glass ........... .1845 ,230 ,251 - Wollastonite .......... I' glass ..... .1852 ,220 - - ,234 - _ - " pseudo ... .1844 217 ,232 ,244 - _ _ - - .168 ,204 ,294 285 - ,146 ,202 ,246 29 - _ _ - - - _ - - - - ,171 .197 243 262 272 * 0"-1100". t 0"-12500. SMITHSONIAN PHYSICAL TABLES
