REDUCED SLLAYBUS FOR HSSC-I AND HSSC-II

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1 
 
Subject: REVIEW OF REDUCED SMART CONTENTS OF SYLLABUS HSSC 
LEVEL 
 
 
The FBISE has got the contents of syllabus reduced through its subject’s 
experts at HSSC level in order to facilitate the students in view of reduction in number of 
working days. Before obtaining the formal approval of the Federal Ministry of Education, 
it shall be appreciated if the valuable comments/review report of the concernedsubject 
experts is sent to the undersigned before 30th September 2020 please. A copy of the same 
is appended. 
 
 (Zulfiqar Ali Rizvi) 
Director Research 
 
 
2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
HSSC PART-I AND PART-II 
3 
 
4 
 
 
 
5 
 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
CHEMISTRY 
For Class-XI 
 
1. 
STOICHIOMETRY 
 
Introduction 
 
1.1 
Mole and Avogadro’s Number 
1.2 
Mole Calculations 
1.3 
Percentage Composition 
1.4 
Excess and Limiting Reagents 
1.5 
Theoretical Yield and Actual Yield as percentage 
 
2. 
ATOMIC STRUCTURE 
Introduction 
2.2 
Application of Bohr’s Model 
2.2.1 Derivation of Radius, Energy, Frequency, Wave Length, WaveNumber 
2.2.2 
Spectrum of Hydrogen Atom 
2.2.3 Defects of Bohr’s Theory 
2.3 
Planck’s Quantum Theory_ 
2.3.1 
Postulates With Derivation of E =hcν 
2.5 
Quantum Numbers and Orbitals 
2.5.1 
Principle Quantum Number 
2.5.2 Azimuthal Quantum Number 
2.5.3 Magnetic Quantum Number 
2.5.4 
Spin Quantum Number 
2.5.5 
Shapes of s, p and d Orbitals 
2.6 
Electronic Configuration 
6 
 
2.6.1 Aufbau Principle 
2.6.2 
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle 
2.6.3 Hund’s Rule 
2.6.4 Electronic Configurations 
 
3. 
THEORIES OF COVALENT BONDING AND SHAPES OF MOLECULES 
Introduction 
3.1 
Shapes of molecules 
3.1.1 VSEPR 
3.1.2 Resonance 
3.2 
Theories of covalent bonding 
3.2.1 VBT and hybridization 
3.2.2 MOT 
 
4. 
STATES OF MATTER I: GASES 
Introduction 
4.2 
4.2.1 Brief recall of Boyle’s and Charles’ Law 
4.2.2 Graphical Explanation of Absolute Zero 
4.3 
Avogadro’s Law 
4.4 
Ideal Gas Equation 
4.4.1 Derivation 
4.4.2 Gas Constant and its Units 
4.5 
Deviation From Ideal Gas Behavior 
4.5.1 Graphical Explanation 
4.5.2 Causes for Deviation 
4.6 
Van der Waals Equation 
4.6.1 Volume Correction 
4.6.2 
Pressure Correction 
4.7 
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure 
7 
 
4.8 
Graham’s Law of Diffusion and Effusion 
 
5. 
STATES OF MATTER II: LIQUIDS 
Introduction 
5.2 
Intermolecular Forces (Vander Waals Forces) 
5.2.1 Dipole-Dipole interaction 
5.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding 
5.2.3 London Forces 
5.4 
Liquid Crystals 
5.4.1 Brief Description 
5.4.2 Uses from Daily Life 
6. 
STATES OF MATTER III: SOLIDS 
Introduction 
6.3 
6.3.7 Anisotropy 
6.3.8 
Isomorphism 
6.3.9 
Polymorphism 
6.3.10 Allotropy 
6.3.11 Transition Temperature 
6.4 
Crystal Lattice 
6.4.1 Unit Cell 
6.4.2 NaCl Crystal 
6.4.3 Lattice Energy 
6.5 
Types of Crystalline Solids 
6.5.1 
Ionic Solids 
6.5.2 Covalent Solids 
6.5.3 Metallic Solids 
6.5.4 Molecular Solids 
 
7. 
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 
8 
 
Introduction 
7.1 
Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium 
7.1.1 Concept and Explanation 
7.1.2 Law of Mass Action and Expression for Equilibrium Constant 
7.1.3 Relationship between Kc, Kp, Kx, Kn 
7.1.4 
Importance of K and Reaction Quotient 
7.2 
Factors Affecting Equilibrium ( Le-Chatelier’s Principle ) 
7.2.1 Effect of Change in Concentration 
7.2.2 Effect of Change in Pressure or Volume 
7.2.3 Effect of Change in Temperature 
7.3 
Industrial Application of Le-Chatelier’s Principle (Haber’s Process) 
7.4 
Solubility Product and Precipitation Reactions 
7.5 
Common Ion Effect 
 
8. 
ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS 
Introduction 
8.2 
8.2.2 Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 
8.3 
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 
8.4 
Expressing the Strength of Acids and Bases 
8.4.1 
Ionization Equation of Water 
8.4.2 
pH, pOH and pKw 
8.4.3 Acid Ionization Constant, Ka and pKa 
8.4.5 Base Ionization Constant, Kb and pKb 
8.4.6 Relationship of Ka and Kb 
8.6 
Buffer Solutions and their Applications 
8.7 
Salt Hydrolysis 
 
9. 
CHEMICAL KINETICS 
9 
 
Introduction 
9.1 
Chemical Kinetics 
9.2 
Rates of Reactions 
9.2.1 Rate law or Rate Expression 
9.2.2 Elementary and overall Rate Constant and Units 
9.2.3 Order of Reaction and its Determination 
9.2.4 
Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction 
9.3 
Collision Theory, Transition State and Activation Energy 
 
10. 
SOLUTIONS AND COLLOIDS 
Introduction 
10.2 
Concentration Units 
10.2.1 Percent 
10.2.2 Molarity 
10.2.3 Molality 
10.2.4 Mole fraction 
10.2.5 Parts per million, billion, and trillion 
10.3 
Raoult’s Law 
10.3.1 Non-Volatile Non- -Electrolyte Solutes in Volatile solvents 
10.3.2 When both Components are Volatile 
10.4 
Colligative Properties of dilute Solutions 
10.4.1 Vapour Pressure Lowering 
10.4.2 Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression 
10.4.3 Molar Mass Determination by Vapor Pressure Lowering, BoilingPoint 
Elevation and Freezing Point Depression 
 
11. 
THERMOCHEMISTRY 
11.8 
Hess’s Law: Enthalpy Change Calculations 
11.9 
Born Haber Cycle 
10 
 
 
12. 
ELECTROCHEMISTRY 
Introduction 
12.1 
Oxidation-Reduction Concepts 
12.1.1 Oxidation and Reduction 
12.1.2 Oxidation Numbers 
12.1.3 Recognizing Oxidation Reduction Reactions 
12.1.4 Balancing Oxidation Reduction Equations by Oxidation NumberMethod 
12.1.5 Balancing Oxidation Reduction Equations by the Half ReactionMethod 
12.1.6 Chemistry of Some Important Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 
12.2 
Electrode, Electrode Potential and Electrochemical Series 
12.3 
Types of Electrochemical Cells 
12.3.1 Electrolytic Cells 
12.3.2 Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl 
12.3.3 Voltaic Cells 
12.3.3.1 Standard State Cell Potential for Voltaic Cell 
12.3.3.2 Standard State Reduction Half Cell Potential 
12.3.3.3 Standard State Cell Potentials and SpontaneousReaction 
 
 
 
 
11 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
CHEMISTRY 
For Class-XII 
 
13. 
s- and p - Block Elements 
 
Introduction 
13.2 
Group 1-Elements 
13.2.1 Atomic and Physical Properties 
13.2.1.1 
Trends in Atomic Radius 
13.2.1.2 
Trends in First Ionization Energy 
13.2.1.3 
Trends in Electronegativity 
13.2.1.4 
Trends in Melting and Boiling Points 
13.2.1.5 
Trends in Density 
13.2.2 Trends in Reactivity with Water 
13.2.3 Reactions with Oxygen 
13.2.3.1 
Reactions with Air or Oxygen and the formation ofNormal 
Oxides, Peroxides, Super Oxides and their Stability 
13.2.3.2 
Reactions of Oxides with Water and Dilute Acids 
13.2.4 Reactions with Chlorine 
13.2.5 Effect of Heat on Nitrates, Carbonates and Hydrogen-Carbonatesexplaining 
the Trend in Terms of the Polarizing Ability of thePositive Ion 
13.2.6 Flame Tests: Origin of Flame Colors 
13.3 
Group 2- Elements 
13.3.1 Atomic and Physical Properties 
13.3.1.1 
Trends in Atomic Radius 
13.3.1.2 
Trends in First Ionization Energy 
13.3.1.3 
Trends in Electronegativity 
13.3.1.4 
Trends in Melting and Boiling Points 
12 
 
13.3.2 Trends in Reactivity with Water 
13.3.3 Reactions with Oxygen and Nitrogen 
13.3.3.1 
Simple Oxides 
13.3.3.2 
Formation of Peroxides on Heating with Oxygen 
13.3.3.3 
Formation of Nitrides on Heating in Air 
13.3.4 Trends in Solubility of the Hydroxides, Sulphates and Carbonates 
13.3.5 Trends in Thermal Stability of the Nitrates and Carbonates 
13.3.6 How Beryllium Differs from other Members of its Group? 
13.3.6.1 Why is Beryllium Chloride Covalent and not Ionic? 
13.3.6.2 
Amphoteric Beryllium Hydroxide 
13.4 
Group 4 –Elements 
13.4.1 Physical Properties : Melting and Boiling Points 
13.4.2 The Trend from Non-Metal to Metal 
13.4.3 Oxidation State 
13.4.4 Possible Oxidation States 
13.4.4.1 
Inert Pair Effect in Formation of Ionic Bonds 
13.4.4.2 
Inert Pair Effect and the Formation of CovalentBonds 
13.4.5 Chlorides of Carbon, Silicon and Lead 
13.4.5.1 
Structures and Stability 
13.4.5.2 
Reactions with Water 
13.4.6 Oxides 
13.4.6.1 
Structure of Carbon Dioxide and Silicon Dioxide 
13.4.6.2 
Acid Base Behavior of Group IV Oxides 
13.5 
Group 7-Elements:Halogens 
13.5.1 Atomic and Physical Properties 
13.5.1.1 
Trends in Atomic Radius 
13.5.1.2 
Trends in Electronegativity 
13.5.1.3 
Trends in Electron Affinity 
13 
 
13.5.1.4 
Trends in Melting and Boiling Points 
13.5.1.5 
Bond Enthalpies 
13.5.1.5.1 Bond Enthalpies in Halogens 
13.5.1.5.2 Bond Enthalpies in Hydrogen Halides 
13.5.2 Strength of Halogens as Oxidizing Agents : F>Cl>Br>I 
13.5.3 The Acidity of Hydrogen Halides 
13.5.4 Halide Ions as Reducing Agents and Trends in Reducing StrengthAbility of 
Halide Ions 
 
14. 
d and f - Block Elements: Transition Elements 
Introduction 
14.1 
General Features 
14.1.1 General Features of Transition Elements 
14.1.2 Electronic Structure 
14.1.3 Binding Energy 
14.1.4 Variable Oxidation States 
14.1.5 Catalytic Activity 
14.1.6 Magnetic Behaviour 
14.1.7 Alloy formation 
14.2 
Coordination Compounds 
14.2.1 Complex Ion 
14.2.2 Nomenclature of Coordination compounds 
14.2.3 Shapes of Complex Ions with Coordination number 2, 4 and 6 
14.2.4 Colour of Complexes 
14.3 
Chemistry of Some important Transition Elements 
14.3.2 Chromium 
14.3.2.1 Oxidation States 
14.3.2.2 Chromate – Dichromate Equilibrium 
14 
 
14.3.2.5 Potassium Dichromate as an Oxidizing Agent inTitrations (oxidic 
acid Moles salt) 
14.3.3 Manganese 
14.3.3.1 Oxidation States 
14.3.3.2 Potassium Manganate VII as an Oxidizing Agent inOrganic 
Chemistry 
14.3.3.3 Potassium Manganate VII as an Oxidizing Agent inTitrations 
14.3.5 Copper 
14.3.5.1 Oxidation States 
14.3.5.2 The Reaction of Hexaaquacopper(II) Ions withHydroxide Ions, 
Ammonia, and Carbonate Ions 
 
15. 
Organic Compounds 
Introduction 
15.2 
Coal as a Source of Organic Compounds 
15.2.1 Destructive Distillation of Coal 
15.3 
Characteristics of Organic Compounds 
15.6 
Functional Groups and Homologous Series 
15.7 
Detection of Elements in Organic Compounds 
 
16. 
Hydrocarbons 
Introduction 
16.1 
Types of Hydrocarbons 
16.2 
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 
16.2.1 Nomenclature 
16.2.2 Physical Properties 
16.2.5 Reactivity 
16.5 
Alkenes 
16.5.1 Nomenclature 
15 
 
16.5.2 Relative Stability 
16.5.3 Structure 
16.5.4 Preparation of Alkenes 
16.5.4.1 Dehydration of Alcohols 
16.5.4.2 Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides 
16.5.5 Reactivity 
16.5.6 Reactions 
16.5.6.1 Hydrogenation 
16.5.6.2 Hydrohalogenation 
16.5.6.3 Hydration 
16.5.6.4 Halogenation 
16.5.6.5 Halohydration 
16.5.6.6 Epoxidation 
16.5.6.7 Ozonolysis 
16.5.6.8 Polymerization 
16.5.7 Conjugation 
16.6 
Isomerism 
16.6.4 Optical Isomers 
16.6.5 Stereoisomerism 
16.6.6 Structural Isomerism 
16.7 
Alkynes 
16.7.1 Nomenclature 
16.7.4 Physical Properties 
16.7.5 Preparation of Alkynes by Elimination Reactions 
16.7.6 Reactivity 
16.7.7 Acidity of Terminal Alkynes 
16.7.8 Addition Reactions of Alkynes 
16.7.8.1 Hydrogenation 
16 
 
16.7.8.2 Dissolving Metal reduction 
16.7.8.3 Hydrohalogenation 
16.7.8.4 Hydration 
16.7.8.5 Bromination 
16.7.8.6 Ozonolysis 
16.8 
Benzene and Substituted Benzenes 
16.8.1 Nomenclature 
16.8.2 Physical Properties 
16.8.4 Resonance, Resonance Energy and Stabilization 
16.8.5 Reactivity and Reactions 
16.8.5.2 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions 
16.8.5.2.1 
General Introduction 
16.8.5.2.2 
Nitration 
16.8.5.2.3 
Sulfonation 
16.8.5.2.4 
Halogenation 
16.8.5.2.5 
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation 
16.8.5.2.6 
Friedel-Crafts Acylation 
16.8.5.2.7 
Substituent Effects - (Table of SubstituentEffects) 
16.8.5.2.8 Making Polysubstituted Benzenes 
 
17. 
Alkyl Halides and Amines 
Introduction 
17.1 
Alkyl halides 
17.1.1 Nomenclature 
17.1.2 Physical Properties 
17.1.3 Structure 
17.1.4 Preparations of Alkyl Halides 
17.1.4.1 Reaction of Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides 
17 
 
17.1.4.2 Reaction Of Alcohols with other Halogenating Agents(SOCl2, PX3) 
17.1.4.3 Radical Halogenation of Alkanes 
17.1.5 Reactivity 
17.1.6 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 
17.1.6.1 General Introduction 
17.1.6.2 Important Concepts 
17.1.6.2.1 Carbocations and Their Stability 
17.1.6.2.2 Nucleophile and Base 
17.1.6.2.3 Substrate and Leaving Group 
17.1.6.3 SN1 Mechanism 
17.1.6.4 SN2 Mechanism 
17.1.7 1, 2 Elimination Reactions 
17.1.7.1 Overview 
17.1.7.2 E1 Mechanism 
17.1.7.3 E2 Mechanism 
17.2 
Organometallic Compounds (Grignard’s Reagents) 
17.2.1 Preparation of Grignard’s Reagents 
17.2.2 Reactivity 
17.2.3 Reactions of Grignard’s Reagents 
17.2.3.1 with Aldehydes and Ketones 
17.2.3.2 with Esters 
17.2.3.3 with CO2 
 
18. 
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 
Introduction 
18.1 
Alcohols 
18.1.1 Nomenclature 
18.1.2 Physical Properties 
18 
 
18.1.3 Structure 
18.1.4 Acidity 
18.1.5 Preparations of Alcohols 
18.1.5.1 Hydration of Alkenes (review) 
18.1.5.2 Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides (review) 
18.1.5.3 Reaction of RMgX With Aldehydes And Ketones(review) 
18.1.5.4 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones 
18.1.5.5 Reaction of RMgX with Esters (review) 
18.1.5.6 Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Esters 
18.1.6 Reactivity 
18.1.7 Reactions of Alcohols 
18.1.7.1 Reaction with HX to give Alkyl Halides (review) 
18.1.7.2 Reaction with SOCl2, PX3 to give Alkyl Halides (review) 
18.1.7.3 Acid Catalyzed Dehydration (review) 
18.1.7.4 Preparation of Esters 
18.1.7.5 Oxidation 
18.2 
Phenols 
18.2.1 Nomenclature 
18.2.2 Structure 
18.2.3 Physical Properties 
18.2.4 Acidity 
18.3 
Ethers 
18.3.1 Nomenclature 
18.3.2 Preparation 
18.3.3 Physical properties 
18.3.4 Chemical reactivity 
 
19. 
Carbonyl Compounds 1: 
19 
 
Aldehydes and Ketones 
Introduction 
19.1 
Nomenclature 
19.2 
Physical Properties 
19.3 
Structure 
19.4 
Preparations of Aldehydes and Ketones 
19.4.1 Ozonolysis of Alkenes (review) 
19.4.2 Hydration of Alkynes (review) 
19.4.3 Oxidation of Alcohols (review) 
19.4.4 Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Aromatics (review) 
19.6 
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones 
19.6.1 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions {Acid and Base Catalyzed (i) base catalyzed 
HCN (ii) acid catalyzed 2, 4 DNPH (iii) condensation} (i) aldol (ii) Cannizzaro’s 
(iii) Haloform) 
19.6.4 Oxidation Reactions 
 
20. 
Carbonyl Compounds 2: 
Carboxylic Acids and Functional Derivatives 
Introduction 
20.1 
Nomenclature 
20.2 
Physical Properties 
20.3 
Structure 
20.4 
Acidity 
20.5 
Preparations of Carboxylic Acids 
20.5.1 Carbonation of Grignard’s Reagent (review) 
20.5.2 Hydrolysis of Nitriles 
20.5.3 Oxidation of Primary Alcohols (review) 
20.5.4 Oxidation of Aldehydes (review) 
20.5.5 Oxidation of Alkyl benzenes (review) 
20 
 
20.6 
Reactivity 
20.7 
Reactions of Carboxylic Acids 
20.7.1 Conversion to Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 
20.7.1.1 Acyl Halides 
20.7.1.2 Acid Anhydrides 
20.7.1.3 Esters 
20.7.1.4 Amides 
20.7.2 Summary of Reactions that Interconvert Carboxylic AcidsDerivatives 
20.7.3 Reduction to Alcohols 
20.7.4 Decarboxylation Reactions 
 
21. 
Biochemistry 
Introduction 
21.1 
Carbohydrates 
21.1.1 Classification (only small table) 
21.1.2 Functions 
21.2 
Proteins 
21.2.1 Classification 
21.2.2 Structure 
21.2.3 Properties 
21.2.4 Importance of Proteins 
21.4 
Lipids 
21.4.1 Classification 
21.4.2 Structure 
21.4.3 Properties of Lipids 
 
21.6 
Minerals of Biological Significance 
21.6.1 Sources of Important Minerals 
21 
 
21.6.2 Biological Significance of Iron Calcium Phosphorous and Zinc 
 
22. 
Industrial Chemistry 
Introduction 
22.4 
Pesticides 
22.6 
Synthetic Polymers (PVC and Nylon) 
22.8 
Adhesives 
 
23. 
Environmental Chemistry 
Introduction 
23.1 
Chemistry of the Troposphere 
23.1.1 Chemical Reactions in the Atmosphere 
23.1.2 COx, NOx, VOCs, SOx, O3 
23.1.3 Automobile, Pollutants and the Catalytic Converter 
23.1.4 Industrial Smog 
23.1.5 Photochemical Smog 
23.1.6 Global Warming and Climate Change 
23.1.7 Acid Rain 
23.3 
Water Pollution and Water Treatment 
23.3.2 Waste water treatment 
23.4 
Green Chemistry 
 
24. 
Analytical Chemistry 
Introduction 
24.1 
Classical Method of Analysis: 
Combustion Analysis and determination of Molecular Formula 
24.2 
Modern Methods of Analysis 
24.2.1 Spectroscopy 
22 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
CIVICS  
 
I. 
Civics – what is it? 
1. 
Definition 
2. 
Nature 
3. 
Significance 
4. 
Utility 
 
II. 
Civics – The Basic Concern 
1.  
The harmonic relationship between the members of society e.g. child hold, 
socialization, gender, religion. 
2. 
Individual as a member of state. 
3. 
Family a basic social institution. 
4. 
Nature & Significance of community  
5. 
Society 
6. 
Nation and Nationality & Muslim Ummah 
 
III. 
State 
1. 
Definition 
 
 
 
2. 
Elements 
4. 
Distinction of state from 
 
Government 
 
Society  
 
Nation 
5. 
Conceptual basis of state in Islam. 
6. 
Welfare State and equity issues with reference to gender, religion, are & social 
classes. 
 
23 
 
IV. 
Sovereignty 
1. 
Definition 
2. 
Salient features 
3. 
Forms Manifestation of Sovereignty 
4. 
Basic principles of Sovereignty in Islam. 
 
V. 
Government 
1. 
Meeting 
 
 
 
2. 
Democracy  
3. 
Parliamentary   
 
 
4. 
Presidential  
6. 
Legislature 
 
 
 
7. 
Executive 
8. 
Judiciary 
 
 
 
9. 
Definition 
10. 
The role of Good Governance in Islamic Democratic Government  
 
VI. 
Law and Related Matters 
1.  
Meetings Law  
 
 
2. 
Sources 
3. 
Kinds 
 
 
 
 
4. 
Meaning 
5. 
Sources  
 
 
6. 
Objectives Meaning of Law 
 
VII. 
Citizen and Citizenship 
1. 
Definition 
 
 
 
2. 
Qualities of good citizenship 
3. 
How citizenship acquired and lost? 
4. 
Definition 
5. 
Rights and responsibilities of a citizen in Islamic perspective 
VIII. 
Constitution 
1. 
Definition of constitution 
2. 
Kinds of constitutions 
3. 
Characteristics of a good constitution 
 
24 
 
IX. 
Political Dynamics 
1. 
Meeting 
2.  
Formulation 
3.  
Agencies 
4.  
Conditions for sounds public opinion 
 
 
25 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS  
CHEMISTRY – HSSC  
 
S # 
PRACTICAL 
STATUS 
4. 
States of Matter I: Gases 
2. Demonstrate that Gases spread by diffusion to Areas of lower 
Concentration 
Minor 
5. 
States of Matter II: Liquids 
5. Prove that the Loss of Thermal Energy When a Liquid Evaporate Will 
Lower the Temperature of the Liquid 
Minor 
6. 
States of Matter III: Solids 
6. Crystallize Benzoic Acid from water 
Minor 
7. 
Chemical Equilibrium 
7. Purify a given sample of Sodium Chloride by passing HCl Gas 
(application of common ion effect) 
Minor 
8. 
Acid, Bases and Salts 
9. Determine the Exact Molarity of the Given Solution of H2SO4 and the 
Volume of this Acid Required to Prepare 500 ml of 0.02 M Acid by 
Volumetric Method 
Major  
10. Determine the Percentage of NaOH in the Given Solution by Volumetric 
Method. 
Major  
11. The given solution contains 6gms of Na2CO3 dissolved per dm
3
. 
Determine the Percentage Purity of the Sample Solution by Volumetric 
Method. 
Major  
12. Determine the Value of X by Volumetric Method in the Given Sample of 
6.3g of (COOH)2. XH2O Dissolved per dm
3
. 
Major  
12. 
Electrochemistry 
15. Standardize the Given Solution of KMnO4 and Calculate the Volume of 
KMnO4 Required for Preparing 1 dm
3
 of 0.01M KMnO4 Solution 
Volumetrically. 
Major  
16. Determine the Amount of Iron in the Given Sample Volumetrically. 
Major  
13. 
s- and p- Block Elements 
19. Detect the following Cations: 
NH
4+
, Mg
2+
, Al
3+
, Ca
2+
, Cr
3+
, Mn
2+
, Fe
2+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
, Zn
2+
, Ba
2+
, Pb
2+
 
Detect the Following Anions: 
CO3
2-
, NO3
-
, NO2
-
, SO4
2-
, SO3
2-
, Cl
-
, Br
-
, I
-
, CrO4
2-
 
Perform Tests for the Following Gases: 
NH3, CO2, H2,O2 
Major  
14. 
d-f- Block Elements 
20. Prepare Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime. 
Minor  
18. 
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 
22. Prepare Iodoform. 
Minor  
 
26 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
CIVICS  
 
I. 
Pakistan Movement 
1. 
Meaning of Ideology 
2. 
Significance of Ideology of Pakistan. 
3. 
Ali Garh Movement 
4. 
Back ground and formation of All India Muslim League-1906 
5. 
Lucknow Pact 1916 
6. 
Khilafat Movement 1919 
7. 
Act of 1935 
8. 
Pakistan Resolution 1940 
9. 
3
rd
 June Plan 
 
II. 
Constitutional Development 1947-1973 
1. 
A brief historical outlook on constitutional development from 1947- 56. 
4. 
Salient features and Islamic Provisions of 1973 constitution 
 
i. 
Parliament. 
 
ii. 
President, Prime Minister 
 
iv. 
Supreme Court and High Courts 
 
v. 
Islamic provisions 
 
III. 
Social Services in Pakistan 
1. 
Structure and Facilities 
2. 
Problems. 
 
IV. 
Social Order in Pakistan 
27 
 
1.  
Meaning 
2. 
Significance 
3. 
Requisites of proper social order fulfilling the principle of liberty, justice, equity 
and authority in Islamic perspective. 
4. 
Role of Islamic Values for maintaining social order and justice in welfare state. 
5. 
Role of Police in Pakistan 
 
V. 
National Integration and Cohesion 
1. 
Meanings 
2. 
Importance 
3. 
National Integration and cohesion in an Islamic State. 
4. 
Problems in the way to national integration and cohesion in Pakistan. 
5. 
Remedial measures keeping in view the ideological basis of Pakistan 
 
 
 
28 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
ECONOMICS  
 
I. 
Nature and Scope of Economics 
A. 
Introduction 
 
1. 
Wants and satisfaction 
 
2. 
Goods and services  
 
3. 
Utility and scarcity  
 
4. 
Economic problems and its nature. 
 
5.  
Definition by: 
 
 
a) 
Adam Smith 
 
 
b) 
Alfred Marshall 
 
 
c) 
Lionel Robbins. 
 
II. 
Consumer’s Behaviourand its Analysis 
1. 
Definition 
2. 
Meaning 
3. 
Rationale 
4. 
The law of diminishing marginal utility with table and graph. 
5. 
The law of equimarginal utility or law of substitution with formula and diagram. 
6. 
Indifference curve. 
7. 
Definitions and Characteristics (graphical presentation). 
 
III. 
Basic Tools of Statistics and Mathematics in Economics 
i.) 
Variables: 
 
Continuous discontinuous, independent dependent. 
ii.) 
Liner equation with group. 
iii.) 
Quadratic equation. 
iv.) 
Simultaneous equations. 
 
IV. 
Demand 
1. 
Definition. 
2. 
Law of demand. 
29 
 
3. 
Demand function and functional equation of demand. 
4. 
Movement along the demand curve and shift in demand curve. 
5. 
Price elasticity of demand (Arc & point) and methods of measurement. 
6. 
Concepts of income elasticity and cross-elasticity of demand. 
7. 
Factors influencing the elasticity of demand. 
8. 
Practical uses of the concept of elasticity of demand. 
 
V. 
Supply 
1. 
Definitions stock and supply. 
2. 
Law of supply. 
3. 
Supply functional equation of supply. 
4. 
Movement along the supply curve and shift in supply curve. 
5. 
Elasticity of supply and its measurement. 
6. 
Factors influencing the elasticity of supply. 
7. 
Practical uses of the concepts. 
 
 
VI. 
Equilibrium 
1. 
Concept of equilibrium. 
2. 
Equilibrium of demand and supply. 
3. 
Equilibrium in price and equilibrium in output. 
4. 
The effects on equilibrium in price and output due to change in demand and 
supply. 
 
IX. 
Cost of Production 
1. 
Definition, classification, Fixed and variable. 
2. 
Total, average and marginal cost. 
3. 
Relationship between total average and marginal cost. 
 
X. 
Revenue Analysis 
1. 
Definition. 
2. 
Total marginal and average revenue under perfect competition and monopoly. 
3. 
Price and output determination and short and long run under perfect 
competition and monopoly.   
 
XI. 
Market 
Meaning and significance of market. 
1. 
Perfect competition and monopoly. 
2. 
Short run and long run in perfect competition and monopoly. 
 
30 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
ECONOMICS  
 
PART-A 
MACRO ECONOMICS 
 
I. 
National Income 
1. 
G.N.P, N. N.P, GDP, National Income. 
2. 
Methods of computing national income. 
a. 
Product method. 
b. 
Income methods. 
c. 
Expenditure methods. 
d. 
Circular flow diagram. 
e. 
Concept of equilibrium MPC, MPS,  
Y= C+S 
Y = C+I 
f.  
Income where S=I 
 
II. 
Money 
1. 
Barter system and its difficulties. 
3. 
Definition of money. 
4. 
Functions of money. 
5. 
Kinds of money. 
6. 
Instruments of money (credit cards, ATM Traveler Cheques). 
7. 
Demand for and supply of money. 
8. 
Value of money. 
9. 
Quantity theory of money (fisher’s equation). 
 
31 
 
III. 
Banks 
i. 
Definition of Bank. 
ii. 
Kinds and functions of Banks 
iii. 
Commercial Banks and their functions with particular reference to credit 
creation. 
iv. 
Definition of interest. 
v. 
Interest free Banking in Pakistan. 
 
IV. 
Public Finance 
1. 
Public vs Private finances. 
2. 
Public revenue and tax culture. 
i. 
Tax and non-Tax revenue. 
ii. 
Principals of taxation. 
iii. 
Kinds of taxation. 
a. Direct and indirect tax. 
b. Progressive and proportional. 
 
PART-B 
PAKISTAN ECONOMICS  
 
VI. 
Introduction to Pakistan Economy 
1. 
Agriculture Sector. 
2. 
Trade and Industrial Sector. 
VII. 
National Income of Pakistan 
1. 
Its size and sectoral contribution. 
2. 
Difficulties in measurement. 
3. 
Causes of low per capita income. 
4. 
Tax culture 
 
VIII. 
Economic Development and Planning 
1. 
Concept of economic development. 
2. 
Problems of under development. 
3. 
Factors influencing development. 
4. 
Quality of life (living standard) with reference to Pakistan. 
6. 
Importance and problems in agricultural and industrial sectors of Pakistan and 
their solution. 
32 
 
7. 
Development of Industries. 
 
X. 
Banking in Pakistan 
a. 
Commercial Banks and their functions. 
b. 
Role of banking system in economic development. 
c. 
State Bank of Pakistan its functions and importance. 
 
XII. 
Foreign Trade of Pakistan 
1. 
Major exports of Pakistan. 
2. 
Major Imports of Pakistan 
3. 
Balance of payments position of Pakistan. 
 
XIII. 
Economic System of Islam 
 
9. 
Comparison between capitalism, socialism and Islamic System. 
 
 
 
33 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
EDUCATION  
 
I. 
Education 
1.  
Importance and description of Education  
2.  
Role and Scope of Education as a subject/discipline Teachers, Students, Content 
areas, Milieu, Environment Culture  
3.  
Function of Education   
4.  
Model of Education, Formal, informal and non-formal  
 Conversation 
 Transmission 
 Reformation  
II. 
Aims of Education 
1.  
Spiritual and Moral aims  
 
2. 
Intellectual aims        
 
3.   
Economic/ Vocational aims  
4. 
Citizenship (Socio-cultural) aims 
III. 
Foundations of Education 
1.  
Introduction 
2. 
Islamic foundation of Education  
 
3.  
Importance of Education in Islam  
4. 
Sources of knowledge Philosophical foundations  
5.  
What is Philosophy, Philosophical foundation?  
 
Ideology, Religious, Customs, norms & students 
IV. 
Human Development 
1.  
Explanation of the concepts of Human Development and Growth  
2.  
Difference between growth and development with examples  
3.  
Individual differences and teaching learning process  
V. 
Learning 
34 
 
1.  
Meaning and definitions  
2.  
Trail and error, imitation, insight (arising from intellectual rigour, learning by 
doing  
3.  
Law of readiness  
 
 
 
 
4. 
Law of Exercise   
 
5.  
Law of Effective  
6.  
Readiness, motivation, interest Attention, meaningful/relevant, attitude  
VI. 
Society Community and Education 
1.  
Society and community (meaning and definition)  
2.  
Explain the Interrelationship of society and Education  
VII. 
 Guidance and Counseling 
1.  
Guidance and counseling (meaning and definition)  
 
2.  
Needs & role of guidance and counseling in school  
 
3. 
Forms of guidance (Education and Career)  
4.  
Need and importance of counseling in schools 
VIII. 
Curriculum, Syllabus and Textbook 
1.  
Meaning and definition of curriculum  
 
2.  
Differences between curriculum, syllabus and textbooks  
3.  
Components of curriculum  
4.  
Importance of Assessment and evaluation  
35 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
EDUCATION  
 
I. 
Muslim Education in Sub-Continent 
1.  
Historical back ground (Maktab, Madrassa Education)  
2.  
Contribution of Muslim thinkers towards education with special reference to:  
 
- 
Al-Ghazali  
 
 
- 
Ibni-Seena 
3.  
Concept of knowledge  
4.  
Aims & objective of education   
5.  
Curriculum  
6.  
Methods of teaching  
 
7.  
Student teacher relationship  
8.  
Salient feature of the Muslim system of Education in Indo-Pak:  
 
- 
Objectives  
 
 
- 
Curriculum and content  
 
- 
Administration  
- 
Teaching Methods 
 
- 
Evaluation 
 
II. 
British Education System in Sub-Continent 
1.  
Introduction  
2.  
Beginning of East Indian Company  
 
- 
Charter act(1813)  
 
 
Woods dispatch (1854)  
 
- 
Sergeant Report (1944)  
 
III. 
Policies and Plans of Education in Pakistan 
 
1.  
Introduction:  
 
 
- Implications of Ideology of Pakistan for Education 
36 
 
 
 
- Salient feature of the following Education Policy 
 
 
- First Educational Conference 1947 
 
 
- Report of the commission on NE, 1959 
 
 
- National Education Policy 1992-2002  
 
 
- National Education Policy 1998-2010  
 
IV. 
Educational Problems in Pakistan 
1.  
Educational issues and problems in Pakistan:  
 
Population growth 
 
Low Enrolment and heavy drop out 
 
Low literacy 
 
Indiscipline 
 
Female education 
 
Economic and social conditions 
 
Physical condition of educational institutions 
 Qualityof Education 
 
Investment in Education 
 
V. 
Role of Various Organizations Contributing Towards Education 
2.  
Curriculum and textual material development:  
i.  
Federal Ministry of Education Curriculum Wing 
ii.   
Provincial bureaus of curriculum  
iii.  
Textbook Boards  
iv.  
Private Sector organization  
3.  
Staff Development  
 
i.    
Colleges of Education   
 
ii. 
Government Elementary College of Education  
 
iii.  
Private Sector Organization  
 
4. 
Examination:  
 
i.  
Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (FBISE)  
 
ii.  
Provincial Boards of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISEs)  
37 
 
 
iii.  
Boards of Technical Education (BTE)  
 
iv. 
Rural Development Education 
 
 
 
38 
 
CONTENTS OF ENGLISH ADVANCE/ELECTIVE SYLLABUS  
 
Section “A” Functional English 
1.  
Any essay of relatively advanced nature  
2. 
A passage of fairly advanced prose followed by:  
 
a.  
A series of comprehension questions 
 
b.  
A precis of all parts of the passage  
 
Section “B” Text 
3.  
Poetry:  The Magic Casement: Book-II  
4.  
Prose:   
A new Anthology of Essays  
5. 
Grammar:  
Synthesis/Idioms  
 
 
39 
 
CONTENTS OF ENGLISH ADVANCE/ELECTIVE SYLLABUS 
 
Section “A” Functional English 
1.  
An essay of relatively advanced nature  
2. 
Precis writing of fairly advanced English passage followed by comprehension 
 
question  
 
Section “B” Text 
3. 
Play:  
 
Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare  
4. 
Novel:   
Mayor of CasterBridge by Thomas Hardy  
5. 
Grammar:  
(Synthesis/Idioms)  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40 
 
ENGLISH COMPULSORY  
For Class XI 
 
CONTENTS 
 
1. 
First Attempts and Challenges 
 
1.1 
His First Flight 
 
1.2 
First Year at Harrow 
 
1.3 
First Day of School 
 
2. 
Environment and Nature 
 
2.1 
It’s Country for me 
 
2.2 
Our Environment 
 
2.3 
Tears of Nature 
 
3. 
Changing Attitudes 
 
3.1 
The Blanket 
 
3.2 
The Way it was 
 
3.3 
The Most beautiful flower 
 
4. 
Acquiring Values 
 
4.1 
The Scholarship Jacket 
 
4.2 
A Long walk home 
 
4.3 
Be the Best 
 
5. 
The Lighter Side (Humour and Fun) 
 
5.1 
Fly Away 
 
5.2 
The Man who was a Hospital 
 
5.3 
When I’m an Old Lady 
 
6. 
Learning to Communicate 
 
6.1 
Finding a Job 
 
6.2 
A Stressful Job 
 
6.3 
Writing Formal Letters 
 
6.4 
Writing Resumes/CVs 
 
7. 
Visiting the Dentist 
 
7.1 
Making an appointment 
 
7.2 
At the reception 
 
7.3 
Dental Check-up 
 
7.4 
Dental Hygiene 
 
8. 
True Friendship (One-Act Play) 
 
8.1 
Damon and Pythias 
 
RECOMMENDED BOOK FOR CLASS XI 
 
 
English  
 
Class - XI 
 
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar 
 
 
 
 
41 
 
ENGLISH COMPULSORY  
For Class XII 
 
CONTENTS 
1. 
Vision and Mission 
 
1.1 
The Farewell Sermon 
 
1.2 
Jinnah’s Vision of Pakistan 
 
1.3 
The Blades of Grass (Poem) 
 
1.4 
Parts of Speech 
 
1.5 
Nouns Phrases 
 
1.6 
Noun Clauses 
 
2. 
Hope and Aspiration 
 
2.1 
I have a Dream! 
 
2.2 
Glory and Hope 
 
2.3 
I Dream a World (Poem) 
 
2.4 
Pronouns 
 
2.5 
Relative Pronouns 
 
2.6 
Pronoun-antecedent agreement Articles 
 
3. 
Duty and Responsibility 
 
3.1 
Lesson from the Battle of Uhud 
 
3.2 
Lingkuan Gorge 
 
3.3 
If (Poem) 
 
3.4 
Tenses 
 
3.5 
Verbs/Modals 
 
3.6 
Transitive, Intransitive 
 
4. 
Courage and Determination 
 
4.1 
Determination 
 
4.2 
The Man who Planted Trees 
 
4.3 
It couldn’t be done (Poem) 
 
4.4 
Adjectives 
 
4.5 
Adjective Phrases 
 
4.6 
Adjective Clauses 
 
5. 
Technology/Gender Inequality 
 
5.1 
Technology and society of the future 
 
5.2 
Gender inequality is detrimental to society 
 
5.3 
The school boys (Poem) 
 
5.4 
Adverbs, Phrases, Clauses 
 
5.5 
Prepositions 
 
5.6 
Prepositional Phrases 
 
6. 
Cultural Heritage/The Past and The Present 
 
6.1 
Archaeological treasures of Pakistan 
 
6.2 
The Renaissance 
 
6.3 
Once Upon A Time (Poem) 
 
6.4 
Narration 
 
6.5 
Voice 
 
7. 
Tales from Shakespeare 
 
7.1 
The Merchant of Venice 
 
7.2 
Kind Lear 
 
7.3 
Paragraph Writing 
42 
 
 
7.4 
Essay Writing 
 
7.5 
Intonations 
 
RECOMMENDED BOOK FOR CLASS XII 
 
 
Intermediate English  
 
For Class - XII 
 
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Textbook Board, Peshawar 
 
 
 
 
 
 
43 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
GEOGRAPHY  
 
I. 
Understanding Geography 
1. 
The Nature of Geography  
2. 
Scope  
3. 
Relationship with other Sciences 
 
II. 
The Earth Basic Concerns 
 
3. 
The Earth’s structure and composition 
 
III. 
Rocks 
 
1. 
Formation classification and characteristics of rocks 
 
IV. 
Major Land Forms 
 
1. 
Mountains Plateaus and plains 
 
V. 
Denudation 
 
1. 
Weathering  
 
2. 
Erosion 
 
VII. 
The Atmosphere 
1. 
Introduction  
2. 
Weather and Climate  
3. 
Distribution of Atmosphere and Pressure  
4. 
Winds  
5. 
Precipitation 
44 
 
 
VIII. 
Oceans and Seas 
 
1. 
The Oceans and Seas  
 
3. 
Ocean currents 
 
45 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
GEOGRAPHY  
 
I. 
The Geography of the Continents 
1.  
Asia  
 
 
2. 
Europe   
3. 
Africa  
4. 
North America  5. 
South America  7. 
Australia 
 
II. 
Economic Geography of the following Countries 
 
1. 
Pakistan 
 
III. 
Population Geography 
1. 
Introduction  
2. 
The distribution and density of Population  
3. 
Population growth  
4. 
Some Population characteristics  
5. 
Migration 
 
46 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS 
GEOGRAPHY  
SECTION-I 
1. 
Introduction  
• Maps, its essentials and types (with the help of Atlas in the lab)  
• Finding location on a globe, latitude and longitude  
• Longitude and time (calculation on the globe in lab)  
• Representation of direction 
• Methods of finding directions 
2. 
Scales and their construction  
• Scale and its types 
• Methods of showing scale on a map and conversion 
• Construction of Plain Scale 
• Use of Scale: measurement of distance on the map between points 
 
SECTION-II 
4. 
Map Projection  
• Basic concept of map projection  
• Types of projection, characteristics and uses 
• 
Identification of projection on atlas maps 
5. 
Statistical Diagrams  
• Line graph 
• Bar Graph 
• Pie-graph 
6. 
Distribution Maps 
• Shading Method  
• Dot Method 
Note: 
The students are required to use sketches, maps and diagrams to illustrate the 
Geography of an area. They are also required to do exercises of drawing outline map of 
Pakistan and its provinces and general map reading; however the Globe, physical and 
political maps of the World, Asia, South Asia and Pakistan should be available in the 
classrooms.  
ESSENTIALS FOR PRACTICAL 
The following instruments and materials are essential for doing practical. These should be 
provided to schools/students, whatever possible.  
 
47 
 
Good pair of compass fitted with both pencil and 
pen points. The pencil points should be kept thin 
and round. 
 
Drawing pen and Drawing Box  
Ink and Graph Paper  
Pencils-H and HB 
 
Protector and Ruling Pen, Coloured 
Crayons or Paint Box. 
Dividers, Erasers and ruler.  
 
 
 
 
 
48 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION  
 
A. 
Physical Education  
 
1.  
Physical Education and its importance  
 
3. 
Scope of activities: 
 
 
b. 
Recreational     
 
 
d. 
Rules and fundamental skill of games:     
 
 
 
i. 
Boys:  Volleyball 
 
 
 
ii. 
Girls:  Volleyball  
 
 
e. 
Rules and fundamental skill of Athletics:  
 
 
 
i. 
Boys:  Short put: 4x100 meters relay  
 
 
 
ii. 
Girls:  Short put: 4x100 meters relay  
 
B. 
Health Education 
 
1.  
Definition of health, its relationship to physical education  
 
2.  
Human organism and how it works; functioning of the following systems (in  
 
 
detail): 
 
 
b.  
Respiratory  
 
3.  
First Aid:  
 
 
a. 
Treatment of athletics injuries like sprain, strain, pulled muscle, sore  
 
 
 
muscleand cramp  
 
 
b. 
Fractures: Types and treatment  
 
49 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION  
 
A. 
Physical Education  
 
1. 
Values of games and sports   
 
 
 
3. 
Rules and fundamental skills:  
 
 
 
a. 
Boys: Hockey  
 
 
b. 
Girls: 
Badminton  
 
4.  
Rules and fundamental skills of Athletics:  
 
 
a. 
Boys: 
Javelin Throw, 400 meters race      
 
 
b. 
Girls: 
Javelin Throw, 400 meters race  
 
B. 
Health Education 
 
Functions of the following systems in detail:  
 
1.  
Food and Nutrition: 
 
 
a.  
Constituents of diet, what is balanced diet?  
 
2. 
Drugs and their effects:   
 
 
i. 
Opium 
 
 
ii. 
Nicotine 
 
 
iii. 
Morphia 
 
 
iv. 
Arsebue 
 
 
v. 
Sleeping pills  
 
4. 
First Aid:  
 
 
 
a. 
Fire & electric hazards and safe guard against them  
 
 
c.  
Artificial respiration by the following methods:  
 
 
 
i. 
Mouth to mouth: in case of children mouth to mouth and nose  
 
 
 
 
method     
50 
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Schafer’s method  
 
51 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS 
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION  
HSSC 
 
1. 
Educational Gymnastics: Exercise for legs, arms, dorsal, heaving  
 
2. 
Agilities: 
 
a. 
Boys:  Forward-roll, Backward-roll, dive-roll     
 
b. 
Girls: 
Forward-roll, Backward-roll, dive-roll  
 
3. 
Fundamental skill of: 
 
a. 
Boys: Volleyball 
 
b. 
Girls: 
Volleyball        
 
4. 
Fundamental skills of athletics: 
 
a. 
Boys: 
Shot put; Hos step & 4x100 meters relay  
 
b. 
Girls: 
Shot put; Hos step & 4x100 meters relay 
 
5. 
Educational Gymnastics: Head and back exercise; Lateral exercises, Abdominal 
 
exercises, Balance exercise 
 
7.  
Fundamental skills in games:  
 
a.  
Boys: Hockey  
 
b.  
Girls: 
Badminton  
8.  
Fundamental skills in Athletics: 
 
a. 
Boys: 
Javelin Throw & 400 meters race  
 
b. 
Girls: 
Javelin Throw & 400 meters race  
52 
 
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57 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
LIBRARY SCIENCE  
 
History of the Book and Libraries  
1. 
Definition and history of Libraries Ancient time  
2. 
Role of Modern libraries in:  
 
 
a. 
Education and research  
 
b. 
Science and Industry  
 
3. 
Purpose and functions of various kinds of libraries 
 
a.  
Academic (School and College Libraries)  
 
 
b.  
National  
 
c. 
Public   
 
 
d.  
Special (govt. Industry and special subject libraries)  
4. 
Art of book-binding:  
 
 
c.  
Chemicals used for the preservation of library materials  
5.  
Documentation of library materials  
 
a.  
Books:   
 
 
 
i. 
Cataloguing  
 
 
ii. 
Indexing 
 
 
iii. 
Bibliography  
 
b.  
Non-Book Materials:  
 
 
 
i. 
Journals 
 
 
ii. 
Newspapers  
 
 
iii. 
Maps and charts  
 
 
iv. 
Microfilms, Microfish, Microcards etc  
 
 
v. 
Tapes, discs etc  
6.  
Use of books and libraries and reader services:  
58 
 
 
a.  
Formation of materials i.e. title paging, contents, foot notes, references, indexes 
 
 
 
and bibliography  
 
c.  
Compilation of Bibliography and indexing  
 
 
59 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
LIBRARY SCIENCE  
 
Introduction to Library Services  
1.  
Selection of Material:  
 
a. 
Faculty recommendation     
 
b. 
Provision of lists supplied by different publishers to the faculties  
2. 
Acquisition of Material:  
 
c.  
Accessioning:  
 
 
i. 
Invoice and payment processing  
 
 
ii. 
Maintaining files, faculty and fund wise  
3. 
Classification: Definition of classification – the broad classification of knowledge in 
 
early times, its relation to book classification, the division of knowledge according to 
 
Dewy System  
4.  
Catalogue: Definition of cataloguing, importance of catalogue, forms of entry, various 
kinds and forms of cataloguing. (Emphasis to be laid on the standardisation of Pakistani 
names)  
5.  
Reference Documentation and Information Services:  
 
Meaning and definition of reference service. Methods of locating information from 
 
reference sources. Types of reference material and their basic characteristics:  
 
a.   
Dictionaries  
 
b. 
Encyclopaedias     
 
c.    
Year Books  
 
d. 
Atlases     
 
e.    
Gazettes 
 
f. 
Directories  
 
g. 
Bibliographies   
 
h.  
Biographical sources  
60 
 
6.  
Charging System: Definition, circulation record (card register), rules and regulations 
 
arrangement of records, over-due notices, reminders and recovery of fines  
 
 
 
 
61 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS 
LIBRARY SCIENCE 
 
SECTION-I (First Day) 
1. 
Compilation of bibliography on any assigned topic, (Minimum 25 centuries)  
2.  
Classification {50 books (25 Urdu 25 English)} 
3.  
Practical work in College Library (Six periods of 45 minutes per week) 
 
SECTION-II (Second Day) 
1.  
Cataloguing {50 books (25 Urdu 25 English)} 
2. 
Indexing of periodicals and newspapers 25 each 
3.  
Searching of reference queries (25 items)  
4.  
Practical work in the college library (6 periods of 45 minutes per week) 
 
 
 
 
 
62 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
OUTLINES OF HOME ECONOMICS  
 
Home Management:  
1.  
Values and goals & standards as related to management in the home; discussion of 
some  values and goal as observed by Pakistani families; importance of developing goals as a 
 
means of realizing values  
 
2. 
Resources: human and materials:  
 
b.  
Energy management-ways of avoiding fatigue 
 
c. 
Simplifications  
 
3.  
a.  
Types of income 
 
b. 
Budgeting and its advantages 
 
c. 
Account keeping  
 
5.  
Family Housing:  
 
a.  
First Aid elementary  
 
b.  
i.  
Storage of summer and winter clotes and house hold equipment  
 
 
ii.  
Storage of food stuff (perishable and non-perishable foods)  
 
 
iii.  
Storage of books, shoes and extra furniture and other house hold  
 
 
 
 
equipment  
 
Child Development:  
6. 
Basic human needs, physical and psychological  
 
a.  
Principles of growth and development from birth to 5 years  
 
c.  
Understanding and guiding children: Characteristics of the toddler and the pre- 
 
 
school age child (development tasks), understanding and dealing with children  
 
 
problems such as fear, anger, jealousy, bed wetting and thumb sucking  
63 
 
 
 
64 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
OUTLINES OF HOME ECONOMICS  
 
Clothing & Textiles:  
2. 
Study of fibres (Cotton, Wool, Silk, Rayon and Nylon)  
 
a.  
Characteristics 
 
b. 
Simple methods of identification 
 
c. 
Care and storage  
 
4. 
Grooming: 
 
a. 
Physical fitness 
 
b. 
Personal  
 
c. 
Ward robe planning 
 
d. 
Use of accessories  
 
Food & Nutrition:  
1.  
a.  
Definition 
 
b. 
Functions of food in the body  
 
2.  
Study of Food Nutrients: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water  
 
a.  
Classification 
 
b. 
Sources 
 
c. 
Functions  
 
d. 
Effect of deficiency in diet 
 
e. 
Common deficiency, diseases and symptoms  
 
4.  
Basic 4 Food Groups Selection: Preparation, Cooking and Storage  
65 
 
 
a.  
Meat  
 
b. 
Cereals (Wheat, Corn & Rice)  
 
 
d. 
Milk & Milk Products  
 
5. 
Menu Planning  
 
simple rules: (Nutritional adequacy, pliability, colour, texture and economizing on 
 
money, fine and flavour)  
 
 
66 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS  
OUTLINES OF HOME ECONOMICS 
(Maintain a record of the Practical in a file) 
 
SECTION-I 
1.  
Time and motion study – preparing time plans 
2. 
Emphasis on method of work simplification: 
Experiment of at least 4 activities from different aspects of life e.g. 
i.  Laying of tables 
ii.  Polishing, furniture, brass or silver 
iii.  Dish-washing 
iv.  Cleaning and dusting 
3.  
Making budgets for different income levels 
 
SECTION-II 
7.  
Drafting of the following garments: 
Basic bodies block and adapt it to the design of your own choice 
8. 
Stitching of Qameez 
10. 
Clothing file 
a. 
Drafting of garments, samples of 6 basics stitches, use of illustration to depict 
basic colour schemes and accessories 
b. 
Basic seam finishes 
11. 
 Weighing and measuring techniques of food items 
12. 
Prepare selected foods involving basic principles of cookery of various food groups: 
cooking practicals: 
a. 
Egg cookery i.e. boiled, fried, poached 
b. Milk cookery, sheer khurma, firni, custards (stirred, steam baked) 
c. Meat cookery, dry and moist cookery (Shami kabab, korma, chicken 
pulao/vegetable pulao) 
d. Vegetables salads: 
i. Tossed salad 
ii. Arranged salad with cooking 
iii. Fruit, salad (Gelatin Mould) 
 
Bhujias – Spinach Potatoes 
e. Cereals: 
i. Daal (dry and soupy) 
ii. Chapati, Paratha 
Preparation of at least 3 of the following: 
g. Plan a day’s menu for your family  
 
 
 
67 
 
HSSC-I 
CONTENTS OF PAKISTAN CULTURE SYLLABUS 
 
I. 
Culture  
 
A. 
Meaning, elements and scope 
 
B. 
Concept of Islamic Culture  
 
II. 
Pakistan: The land and the people  
 
A:  
The Land  
 
The Mountainous Zone:  
External Security and Cultural inflow; 
NorthernRanges 
 
andSouthern Mountains  
 
The IndusBasin:  
The Upper & LowerBasin, The River System – Early  
 
 
Civilizations  
 
Arid Zones:  
Pastoral and Nomadic Life: The Plateaus and the  
 
 
Deserts, the Coastline: Maritime Links  
 
B:  
The People  
 
Racial Mix-Regional Traits, The Tribal System, Religious Groups, Occupational 
 
Groups, Urban-Rural Communities  
 
III. 
The Making of Pakistan 
 
A. 
Pre-Muslim Era: The IndusValley Civilization Brahminic and Buddhist Traces  
 
B. 
The Arab Period: Foundation of Islamic Society  
 
C. 
Turco-Mughal Period: Turks and the Afghans, Resistance and Assimilation,    
 
 
The Sufis and their Role  
 
 
The Mughals: Cultural Synthesis, Language, Arts and Architecture  
 
D. 
Socio-Political Decline: Socio-Economic Set-backs  
 
E. 
The Beginning Of Muslim Resurgence: Steps towards Socio-Economic  
 
 
 
Uplift, Struggle for Homeland, Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah          
 
 
(Quaid-i-Azam), The Birth of Pakistan 
 
68 
 
IV. 
Pakistan Culture  
A. 
Ideological Moorings (Islam): The Holy Quran and the Prophet Oneness of Allah- 
Tuahid, Prophethood-Risalat Knowledge-Ilm, Deeds-Amal, theHereafter-Akhrat 
B. 
Social Patterns: Tribal, Feudal, Rural and Urban  
C. 
Arts and Crafts: Music: Vocal and Instrumental, Qirat and Hamd-o-Na’at, 
Painting, Calligraphy, Handicrafts and Folk Arts  
D. 
Education  
E. 
Language, Literature and Folklore: Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Baluchi, 
Retrospect  
 
V.  
Emerging Trends  
 
New Orientations, Islamization, Education, Literature, Socio-Economic   Trends  
 
RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS  
 
 
1. 
Pakistan Culture  
 
 
Written by: 
Dr. M.H. Siddiqui, 
 
 
 
Dr. Jamil Jalibi 
 
 
 
 
Dr. Ansar Zahid Khan 
 
 
Dr. Abdur Rehman 
 
 
Published by: National Book Foundation, Islamabad 
 
 
2. 
 
 
Published by: National Book Foundation, Islamabad 
 
 
3. 
Pakistan Society and Culture  
 
 
Compiled by:  LubnaSaif 
 
 
 
 
Javed Iqbal Syed 
 
 
Published by: National Book Foundation, Islamabad 
69 
 
 
 
70 
 
HSSC-II 
CONTENTS OF PAKISTAN CULTURE SYLLABUS 
 
I.  
Sufis and Sum Shrines  
 
Data Ganj Bakhsh, Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, Shah Abdul Latif 
Bhatai, SachalSarmast 
 
II. 
Archaeological Treasures  
 
KotDiji,Harappa, Mahenjodaro,Taxila, Swat,Bhanbhore, Mansura  
 
III.  
Architecture and Historical Monuments  
 
Multan Tombs, Lahore Fort, Shalimar Garden Lahore, Badshahi Masjid Lahore, 
Necropolis of Makli, Thatta, Jamia Masjid Thatta, Tombs of the Kalhora and Talpur 
Rulers, Hyderabad, The Khyber Pass  
 
IV.  
Major Trends in Arts and Literature and Their Exponents  
 
Poetry, Fiction, Drama, Painting, Music, Folk-Dancing  
V.  
Festivals, Social Customs and Dresses  
 
Festivals, Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Azha, Shab-e-Baraat, Muharram, Eid-Milad-un-Nabi, 
Anniversaries, Social Customs and Ceremonies, Birth of a child, Marriage Ceremonies, 
Dress  
 
RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOK  
Pakistan Culture  
 
Written by: 
Dr. M.H. Siddiqui, 
 
 
Dr. Jamil Jalibi 
 
 
 
Dr. Ansar Zahid Khan 
 
Dr. Abdur Rehman 
 
Published by: National Book Foundation, Islamabad  
71 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PAKISTAN STUDIES  
 
I. 
Genesis of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 
I. 
Ideology of Pakistan 
 
 
- Concept 
 
 
- Components: 
1. 
Islam  
2. 
Democracy 
3. 
Social justice, equality and responsibility. 
4. 
Basic Human Rights. 
 
II. 
Pakistan – The result of Muslim Struggle. 
2. 
Foundation of Muslim League  
3. 
Ali GarhTehrik 
4. 
Pakistan Resolution 
10. 
3rd June 1947 Plan  
11. 
Independence Act 1947  
12. 
Emergence of Pakistan 
 
II. 
Initial Problems of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 
A. 
Problems: 
1. 
Introductory remarks. 
2. 
Red Cliff Award – Its injustices 
3. 
Administrative problems  
4. 
Influx of Refugees 
5. 
Division of Assets 
72 
 
6. 
Division of Armed Forces and Assets 
7. 
Water/Canal Dispute 
8. 
Accession of princely states (Junagarh,Manawdar, Kashmir, Hyderabad 
Daccan) 
B. 
The vision of Quaid-i-Azam MuhammadAli Jinnah about Pakistan 
1. 
Settlement of Refugees 
2. 
Advice to Govt officials for national  
service 
3. 
Provincialism, parochialism. 
4. 
Guiding principles for the economy ofPakistan. 
5. 
Guiding principles of Foreign Policy 
6. 
Advice to the students to concentrate oneducation. 
 
III. 
Geography of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 
1. 
Physiography of Pakistan 
3. 
Imbalanced Economic Growth and Regional Disparities. 
5. 
Geo-strategic position 
6. 
Attraction for tourists  
7. 
Gateway to land locked countries: Afghanistan, CentralAsianRepublics 
 
IV. 
Steps towards an Islamic Republic of Pakistan 
1. 
Significance and impact of objectives resolution 1949. 
2. 
Islamic provisions in the constitutional only 1973 constitution 
3. 
Steps towards Islamization since 1949. 
8. 
Salient features world Human Rights Declaration 1948 
9. 
KhutbaHujjat-ul-Vida, the comprehensive charter of Human Rights. 
 
V. 
Administrative Structure of Pakistan and Good Governance 
1. 
Federal Government-various Institutions and their functions. 
73 
 
4. 
Islamic perspective of good governance 
5. 
Administration in the era of Hazrat Umar (RAU) 
 
VI. 
Culture of Islamic Republicof Pakistan 
1. 
Meeting and significance of culture. 
3. 
Culture Heritage of Pakistan main sites. 
4. 
Common Characteristics of Pakistan Culture. Be Pakistani, buy Pakistani by 
Pakistani. 
 
VIII. 
National Integration and Prosperity 
1. 
Meaning of national integration and cohesion  
3. 
Problems in the way to national cohesion and integration in Pakistan 
4. 
Remedial measures  
 
 
My, your and our role. 
 
IX. 
Economic Planning and Development in Islamic Republicof Pakistan 
1. 
Meaning and importance of Economic Planning and Development. 
2. 
Agricultural Development 
3. 
Industrial Development  
4. 
Trade and Commerce 
7. 
Information Technology 
 
X. 
Foreign Policy of Islamic Republicof Pakistan 
1. 
Definition of Foreign Policy 
3. 
Objectives of the Foreign Policy of Pakistan 
5. 
Foreign policy of Pakistan with China, India,Iran,USA,Afghanistanand Saudi 
Arabia 
 
74 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PERSIAN 
 
75 
 
 
76 
 
 
77 
 
 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PHILOSOPHY  
 
ELEMENTS OF PHILOSOPHY 
 
1. 
Introduction 
a. 
What is Philosophy?  
 
b.  
What are the specific philosophical questions?  
c. 
Philosophical Approaches Criticism/Speculation  
 
2. 
Philosophy and Religion 
a.   
Questions asked in Philosophy and Religion  
 
b. 
Their treatment 
c. 
Difference 
d. 
Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s Educational Philosophy  
 
3. 
Philosophy and Science  
a.    
What does science try to understand?   
b. 
How is it different from philosophy?  
c.    
What role does philosophy play in the growth of science?  
i. 
Interprets  
ii. Criticizes  
iii. Resolves conflicts 
iv. Justifies 
 
4. 
Knowledge  
a.  
Definition of knowledge  
78 
 
b.  
Sources of knowledge:    
i. 
Rationalism   
ii. 
Empiricism         
iii. 
Intuition and Revelation  
 
iv. 
Authority  
 
Introduction of basic philosophy of Imam Ghazali  
 
5. 
Metaphysics 
 
a.   
Monism  
 
 
b. 
Dualism  
 
 
c.   
Pluralism  
 
 
d. 
School’s of Idealism and Materialism 
 
6. 
Ethics  
 
b.  
Ethical theories:  
 
 
i. 
Golden Mean  
 
 
ii. 
Utilitarianism  
 
 
iii. 
Good will  
 
c.  
Islamic theory of Ethics 
79 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PHILOSOPHY  
 
LOGIC AND SCIENTIFIC METHOD 
 
1. 
Introduction  
a. 
Definition and scope of logic  
 
b. 
Propositions & Arguments  
c.   
Premises/ Conclusion Indicators  
d. 
Types of Arguments:  
 
i. 
Inductive  
 
ii. 
Deductive  
e.  
Truth & Validity  
 
2. 
Language  
 
b.  
Three Important uses of Language:     
 
 
i. 
Informative  
 
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Expressive    
 
 
 
 
iii. 
Directive  
 
4. 
Categorical Propositions  
a.  
Four Categorical Propositions  
b. 
Quantity, quality and distribution 
c.  
Traditional squares of opposition  
d.  
Three laws of thought 
 
5. 
Categorical Syllogism and Simple Arguments  
80 
 
a.  
Categorical syllogism  
 
i. 
Figure   
 
ii. 
Mood   
iii. 
Standard form  
 
iv. 
Rules 
 
 
v. 
Venn diagram  
b.  
Simple argument forms and Truth Table 
 
6. 
Inductive Logic  
a.  
Forms of Inductive Generalization inductive Analogy  
 
b. 
Factors on which their strength depends  
 
 
 
 
 
81 
 
REVISED SYLLABUS  
PSYCHOLOGY-XI 
 
 
I. 
Introduction to Psychology 
1.   
Introduction Meaning and Definition of psychology as science of Behavior and 
mental processes  
2.   
Goals of psychology 
3.   
Clinical psychology 
5.   
Educational Psychology 
6. 
Environmental psychology 
8.   
Business Psychology 
 
II. 
Methods of Research  
1.  
Meaning and significance of research  
2.  
Types of Research:  
 
i. 
Observation Method    
 
ii. 
Experimental Method  
 
iv. 
Case – study Method.  Advantages 
 
III. 
Nervous System and Behaviour 
1.   
Meaning & relationship with behaviour 
2.   
Neuron  
3.   
Structure and Function of main parts of Brain  
 
IV. 
Sensation and Perception  
1.   
Brief introduction of sensation  
82 
 
2.   
Anatomy of the Eye  
3.   
Anatomy of Ear  
 
 
Gestalt laws of perceptual organization. 
1. 
Depth & Distance.  
2. 
Movement. Monocular cues for depth (only 3 cues Inter position, Linear 
perspective, Shadow) perception Binocular Cues for depth (only 2 cues) 
perception. Definition. Kinds of Illusion. 
 
V. 
Learning and Remembering  
1. 
Definition of learning  
2.   
Basic Principles of learning  
3.  
i. 
Conditioning 
 
ii. 
Classical 
iii. 
Operant  
4.  
Definition of Memory  
i. 
Sensory, Memory 
ii. 
Short-term Memory  
 
iii. 
Long-term Memory  
5.  
Measuring Memory  
 
i.   
RecognitionsMethod  
 
 
ii. 
Recall Method  
 
iii. 
Saving Method       
 
iv. 
Method of Rearrangement  
 
 
 
VI. 
Motivational Behaviour 
1.  
Definition  
 
 
2. 
How they direct our Behavior  
 
3.   
Primary motives (unlearned/ Physiological)  
4.   
Hunger, thirst, temperature, Sex, Maternal  
 
11. 
Elements affecting Motivation  
83 
 
 
VII. 
Personality  
1.  
Definition  
 
i.  
Introvert, Extrovert & Ambivert 
ii.  
Freudian theory  
3.  
Objective types:  
i.  
Questionnaire, Interview   
 
ii. 
MMPI       
iii. 
Projective techniques  
 
vi. 
TAT, Rorschach Inkblot  
 
VIII. 
Emotional Behaviour 
1.  
Meaning and definition   
3. 
James-Lange theory (Feelings are physical)  
4.  
Cannon – bard theory (Feelings are cognitive)  
 
5.   
Role of Learning and Environment in emotion  
 
 
IX. 
Higher Cognitive Process  
1.  
Meaning & definition of cognition  
 
2. 
Intelligence, General or specific Abilities  
4.  
Stanford-Binate intelligence Scale, WAIS, WISE Army Alpha and Beta Intelligence  
6.  
Cognitive operations in problem solving  
i.  
Discussion  
 
ii. 
Brain Storming 
iii. 
Cooperative Learning  
 
 
84 
 
REVISED SYLLABUS 
PSYCHOLOGY-XII 
 
I. 
Developmental Psychology  
1.  
Definition of Growth, Development and Maturation  
Difference between above mentioned terms:  
a.  
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development (Brief Introduction)  
b.  
Eriksson’s psychosocial theory-of-development (Brief introduction)  
c. 
Kahlberg’s theory of moral development (Brief introduction)  
d. 
Physical development (Brief Introduction).  
  
 
 
 
 
II. 
Psychology of Health  
1.  
Definition of Health and adjustment  
2.  
Different viewpoints of Mental Health  
3.  
Muslim point of views of Mental health, Imam Ghazali, Maulana Ashraf Ali 
Thanvi.  
4.  
Difference between Normal and Abnormal Behavior  
5.  
Sources of stress, conflict, life Events, and Pressure & environmental conditions  
a. 
AnxietyDisorders  
 
b. 
Schizophrenia 
i. Definition, General Symptoms. Kinds; Disorganized. Catatonic. 
Paranoid 
c. 
Eating Disorders 
i.  Eating as a disorder, suggestions for improving Eating Habits  
 
ii 
Right Eating  
 
iii. Exercising  
iv. Advices by the Doctors for Eating  
85 
 
 
III. 
Social Psychology  
1.  
Meaning & definition  
 
2. 
Elements of Socialization  
3.  
Socialization and Peer Group Family influence on Socialization  
 
i. 
Antisocial Behavior  
 
iii. 
Drug Addiction  
 
v. 
Prejudice  
 
vi. 
Sexual Harassment  
4.  
Definition, Attitude formation   
5. 
Attitude change, Measurement of Attitude  
 
IV. 
Guidance and Counseling  
1.  
Meaning and difference of Guidance and counseling  
2.   
Principles of Guidance  
 Psychoanalysis 
P.C.T. (Person Centered Techniques)  
 
 
86 
 
PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICALS  
HSSC 
 
1.  
Blind Spot  
2.    
Muller-type-Illusion 
3.    
Effect of Suggestion on Perception  
6.    
Problem solving 
7.    
Measurement of Memory by Recall Methods 
9.    
Practical Journal & Viva Voce 
10. 
STATISTICS  
 
i.  
Tabulation of Data  
 
ii.  
Graphic Presentation of Data  
a.  Frequency Histogram  
b.  Frequency Polygon  
c.  Frequency Curve 
 
iii.  
Measures of Central Tendency of groups X, Un-Grouped Data 
 
 
a.  Arithmetic Mean  
 
 
b.  Median  
 
 
c.  Mode 
 
JOURNAL & VIVA VOCE  
 
 
 
 
87 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
BIOLOGY-XI 
 
1. 
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 
1.2 
Cell Wall and Plasma Membrane – The Boundary Wall 
1.3 
Cytoplasm and Organelles 
1.4 
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells 
 
2. 
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES 
2.3 
Carbohydrates 
2.3.1 
Classification (Monosaccharaides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides, example 
of Polysaccharides are excluded) 
2.3.2 
Role of Carbohydrates 
2.4 
Proteins 
2.4.1 
Structure of Proteins (Amino Acids and Peptide Linkages) 
2.4.2 
Classification of Proteins (Globular and Fibrous Proteins) 
2.4.3 
Role of Proteins 
2.5 
Lipids 
2.5.1 
Properties of Fatty acids 
2.5.2 
Classification (Acylglycerols) 
2.6 
Nucleic Acids 
2.6.1 
Structure of Nucleic Acids  
2.6.2 
Classification (RNA and DNA) 
 
3. 
ENZYMES 
3.1 
Structure of Enzymes 
3.2 
Mechanism of Enzyme Action 
3.4 
Enzyme Inhibition (Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibitors) 
 
88 
 
4. 
BIOENERGETICS 
4.1 
Photosynthesis 
4.1.1 
Role of Light 
4.1.2 
Role of Photosynthetic Pigments – Absorption Spectrum and Action Spectrum 
4.1.3 
Role of Carbon dioxide 
4.1.4 
Role of Water 
4.1.5 
Mechanism of Photosynthesis 
4.2 
Cellular Respiration 
4.2.2 
Mechanism of Respiration 
4.2.3 
Synthesis of ATP – Chemiosmosis  
 
5. 
ACELLULAR LIFE 
5.3 
Life Cycle of Bacteriophage 
5.4 
Life Cycle of HIV 
 
6. 
PROKARYOTES 
6.2 
Archaea 
6.3 
Bacteria; Ecology and Diversity 
6.4 
Structure; Shape and Size of Bacteria 
6.5 
Modes of Nutrition in Bacteria 
6.6 
Growth and Reproduction in Bacteria 
 
7. 
PROTISTS AND FUNGI 
7.2 
Major groups of Protists (protozoa, algae, myxomycota, oomycota) 
7.3 
General characteristics of Fungi 
7.4 
Diversity among Fungi (zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota) 
 
 
8. 
DIVERSITY AMONG PLANTS 
89 
 
8.2 
Nonvascular Plants (General characteristics) 
8.3 
Seedless Vascular Plants (General characteristics) 
8.3.1 
Evolution of Leaf 
8.4 
Seed Plants 
8.4.2 
Gymnosperms (General characteristics) 
8.4.3 
Angiosperms (General characteristics and Life cycle) 
8.4.6 
Inflorescence excluded 
 
9. 
DIVERSITY AMONG ANIMALS 
9.1 
Characteristics of animals 
9.2 
Criteria for animal classification 
9.3 
Diversity in Animals 
9.3.1 
Invertebrates 
9.3.2 
Vertebrates 
NOTE: Evolutionary adaptations of invertebrate phyla and of vertebrate classes are 
excluded) 
 
 
Classification of Chordates excluded 
10. 
FORM AND FUNCTIONS IN PLANTS 
10.3.1 Uptake of Water by Roots and Pathways 
10.3.2 Ascent of Sap 
10.3.3 Opening and Closing of Stomata 
10.3.4 Translocation of Organic Matter 
10.6 
Growth and Development in Plants 
10.6.1 Tissues for Growth – Apical and Lateral Meristems 
10.6.2 Primary and Secondary Growth 
 
10.7.2 Geotropism and Phototropism 
10.7.4 Vernalization 
 
11. 
DIGESTION 
90 
 
11.1 
Digestive System of Man 
11.1.1 Alimentary Canal; Structural and Functional details 
 
12. 
CIRCULATION 
12.1 
Blood Circulatory System of Man 
12.1.1 Heart 
12.1.1.1 Structure of Heart 
12.1.1.3 Heartbeat and its Control 
12.1.2 Blood Vessels (Arteries, Capillaries and Veins) 
 
12.3 
Lymphatic System of Man 
 
13. 
IMMUNITY 
13.1 
First Line of Defense (Skin, Digestive Tract, Air Passageway) 
13.2 
Second Line of Defense – The Nonspecific Defenses 
13.2.1 Killing Cells of Blood 
13.2.2 Protective Proteins 
13.2.3 
Inflammatory Response 
13.3 
Third Line of Defense – The Specific Defenses 
13.3.2 Cell mediated and Antibody mediated immunity 
Activation of T-Cellsexcluded 
 
 
 
91 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
BIOLOGY-XII 
 
14. 
RESPIRATION 
 
14.1 
Respiratory System of Man 
14.1.1 Air Passage Way and Lungs 
14.1.2 Mechanism of Breathing 
14.1.4 Transport of Gases (Transport of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide) 
 
15. 
HOMEOSTASIS 
15.2 
Excretion 
15.2.1 Relationship between Excretory Products and Habitat 
15.3 
Excretory System of Man 
15.3.1 Structure and Function of Kidney 
15.4 
Disorders of Urinary Tract 
15.4.1 Urinary Tract Infections 
15.4.2 Kidney Stones (Causes and Treatments) 
 
16. 
SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT 
16.1 
Human Skeleton (Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton, Types of Joints) 
16.3 Muscles (Smooth Muscles, Cardiac Muscles and Skeletal Muscles) 
16.3.1 Ultra-structure of Skeletal Muscles 
16.3.3 Muscle Contraction - Sliding Filament Model 
 
17. 
NERVOUS COORDINATION 
17.1 
Nervous System of Man 
17.1.1 Steps involved in nervous coordination 
92 
 
17.1.2 Neurons (Structure and Types) 
17.1.3 Nerve Impulse 
17.1.4 Transmission of Action Potential between Cells – Synapse 
17.1.5 Basic Organization of human nervous system (CNS and PNS) 
 
 
18. 
CHEMICAL COORDINATION 
18.1 
Hormones- The chemical messengers 
18.2 
Endocrine System of Man (Glands with location, secretions and imbalance) 
18.2.1 Pituitary gland and the Role of Hypothalamus 
18.2.2 Thyroid 
18.2.3 Parathyroid 
18.2.4 Pancreas 
18.2.5 Adrenal 
18.2.6 Gonads 
18.2.7 Other Endocrine Tissues / Cells 
18.3 
Feedback Mechanism 
 
20. 
REPRODUCTION 
20.1 
Reproductive System of Man 
20.1.1 Male Reproductive System and its Hormonal Regulation 
20.1.2 Female Reproductive System and its Hormonal Regulation 
20.2 
Disorders of Reproductive System (Infertility, Imbalance of Male Sex Hormones) 
 
21. 
DEVELOPMENT AND AGING 
21.1 
Embryonic Development (Cleavage, Gastrulation, Neurulation) 
21.2 
Control of Development (Role of Nucleus, Cytoplasm and Neighboring cells) 
93 
 
21.3 
Human Embryonic Development 
 
22. 
INHERITANCE 
22.5 
Polygenic Inheritance and Epistasis 
22.7 
Sex Determination (XX-XY System, ZW-ZZ System and XX-XO System) 
 
22.8 
Sex linkages in humans 
 
 
23. 
CHROMOSOME AND DNA 
23.2 
DNA as the Hereditary Material 
23.3 
DNA Replication 
23.3.1 Meselson and Stahl Experiment 
23.3.2 Mechanism of DNA Replication 
23.4 
Gene Expression 
23.4.1 Genetic Code 
23.4.2 Transcription 
23.4.3 Translation 
 
26. 
BIOTECHNOLOGY 
26.1 
Gene Cloning (Recombinant DNA Technology and Polymerase Chain Reaction) 
26.2 
DNA Sequencing 
26.3 
DNA Analysis 
26.4 
Genome Maps 
26.5 
Tissue Culture 
26.6 
Transgenic Bacteria, Plants and Animals 
26.7 
Biotechnology and Healthcare 
26.8 
Scope and Importance of Biotechnology 
94 
 
REDUCED LIST OF COMPOSITE PRACTICALS 
BIOLOGY HSSC (2006 NBF) 
 
1. 
Preparationandexaminationoftheslidesofanimalandplantcellsusingdifferent
ialstaining 
2. 
PerformingBenedict’stestforreducingsugarsandconfirmationofthepresenceofstar
chthroughIodinetest 
3. ConfirmationofthepresenceofproteinsthroughBiurettest 
4. ConfirmationofthepresenceoflipidsthroughEmulsiontest 
5. Extractionoftheleafpigmentsandtheirseparationbypaperchromatography 
6. 
StudyofNostocfromfreshorpreservedmaterial 
7. Observationanddrawingofrepresentativemembersofeachgroupofprotists 
8. Observationanddrawinglabeleddiagramsofthelifecycleofblackbreadmoldfromfreshcu
ltureandpreparedslides. 
9. 
IdentificationofthevegetativeandreproductivestructuresofFunariabyexaminingt
hefreshorpreservedmaterial 
10. Identificationofthevegetativeandreproductivestructuresofalocalfernandrelatethe
mwiththeconcernedlifecycle 
11. Classifyingthegiveninvertebratesintophylaandgivenchordatesintoclassesbyusin
gclassificationkey 
12. Demonstrationofphototropism,geotropismandthigmotropisminplants 
13. Differentiationofanarteryandaveinbyobservingpreparedslides 
14. Recognizingphagocytesandlymphocyteswhileobservingpreparedslides 
15. Identificationofdifferentpartsoftherespiratoryandreproductivesystemofadissectedfr
og(dissectionwouldbedonebytheteacher) 
16. Comparisonofthestructureofskeletal,smoothandcardiacmuscleswiththehelpo
fpreparedslides. Preparation of skeletal muscle slide. 
17. Identificationofthedifferentstagesinchickdevelopmentthroughobservationofprepa
redslides (48 hours and 72 hours). 
18. Calculationofprobabilitybyusingthedicetocalculatehowmanytimesoutof100throw
scanstudentsgetsixes 
19. DatacollectionfromtheclasstoseehowmanyindividualshaveABbloodgroupan
dconstructionofapiechartandhistogramforthecollecteddata 
20. TestingofbloodgroupusingAntiseraandperformingagglutinationreactionforRhfactor 
 
 
95 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
ENGLISH COMPULSORY HSSC-I 
 
1. 
Responsibilities of the Youth 
2. 
His First Flight 
3. 
Good Timber (poem) 
4. 
From Mother…With Love 
5. 
It’s Country for Me 
7. 
Choice of Career 
9. 
The White Lamb 
10. 
The World is Too Much with Us (poem) 
12. 
The Blanket 
13. 
Ozymandias (poem) 
14. 
A Long Walk Home 
15. 
University Days 
17. 
What You Do is What You Are 
20. 
How to Take a Job Interview 
21. 
The Road Not Taken (poem) 
22. 
The Progress 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
ENGLISH COMPULSORY HSSC-II 
 
No 
Units & Sub-units Included 
Sub-units Excluded 
1. 
Vision and Mission 
 
 
1.1 
The Farewell Sermon 
1.2 
Jinnah’s Vision of Pakistan 
1.4 
Parts of Speech 
1.5 
Nouns Phrases 
1.6 
Noun Clauses 
1.3 
The Blades of Grass (Poem) 
 
2. 
Hope and Aspiration 
 
 
2.1 
I have a Dream! 
2.3 
I Dream a World (Poem) 
2.4 
Pronouns 
2.5 
Relative Pronouns 
2.2 
Glory and Hope 
2.6 
Pronoun-antecedent agreement 
 
Articles 
3. 
Duty and Responsibility 
 
 
3.2 
Lingkuan Gorge 
3.3 
If (Poem) 
3.5 
Verbs/Modals 
3.6 
Transitive, Intransitive 
3.1 
Lesson from the Battle of 
Uhud 
3.4 
Tenses 
 
4. 
Courage and Determination 
 
 
4.1 
Determination 
4.3 
It couldn’t be done (Poem) 
4.4 
Adjectives 
4.5 
Adjective Phrases 
4.6 
Adjective Clauses 
4.2 
The Man who Planted Trees 
 
5. 
Technology/Gender Inequality 
 
 
5.2 
Gender inequality is detrimental 
 
to society 
5.1 
Technology and society of the 
 
future 
96 
 
5.3 
The school boys (Poem) 
5.4 
Adverbs, Phrases, Clauses 
5.5 
Prepositions 
5.6 
Prepositional Phrases 
 
6. 
Cultural Heritage/The Past and The 
Present 
 
 
6.1 
Archaeological 
treasures 
of 
 
Pakistan 
6.3 
Once Upon A Time (Poem) 
6.4 
Figures of Speech 
6.2 
The Renaissance 
6.5 
Narration 
6.6        Voice 
7. 
Tales from Shakespeare 
 
 
7.1 
The Merchant of Venice 
7.4 
Essay Writing 
7.5 
Intonations 
7.2 
King Lear 
7.3 
Paragraph Writing 
 
 
NOTE: 
The inclusion &exclusion of units encompass the relevant exercises also. 
 
 
 
97 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
FINE ARTS HSSC-I 
With General Outline 
 
Chapters 
Points to be discussed Generally 
Contents to be focused on: 
Prehistoric Art 
 
• General introduction to Term 
"Prehistoric" initial phase of 
diverse cultures. 
• Concept of B.C.E and C.E. 
• Paleolithic age, Mesolithic age, 
Neolithic age  
• Share the world map with the 
students indicating the 
primitive art; cave paintings, 
sculpture and structures. Give 
special reference of Potohar 
and Baluchistan in Pakistan.  
 Hall of Bulls (painting) 
 Venus of Willendorf (sculpture) 
 Stone Henge (Architecture) 
 
(discuss in detail time line, Area, tools used, 
material and technique of above mentioned) 
Egyptian 
civilization 
• Introduction to Egyptian 
Civilization 
• Timeline, Geographical 
conditions, economic 
conditions, social set up, 
religious beliefs  
• Burial system (Mastaba and 
Pyramids) 
• Hieroglyphs and murals in 
tombs 
• Book of death with reference 
to the religious and artistic 
practices, a brief introduction. 
 Great Pyramid of Khufu  
 Rameses II (seated sculpture of Rameses at 
temple of Abu Simbel) 
 Narmer palette 3000 B.C. 
 Fowling scene from the tomb of Nebamun, 
Thebes, Egypt 
(discuss the time line, area, plan, 
influences, symbolism, material and technique 
with special reference to the decorative aspect of 
the above mentioned) 
 
Indus 
Valley 
Art 4000-1800 
B.C. 
Mohenjo-Daro 
&Harappa 
• Mehrgarh, the pre-Indus period 
• Introduction to Indus valley 
civilization. 
       Important cities; Mohenjo-
Daro and       Harappa  
• Timeline, Geographical 
conditions, economic 
conditions, social set up, 
religious beliefs, 
• Trade links with Mesopotamia 
and Egypt 
• Exploring, establishing and 
identifying the relationship of 
the Indus art and present 
practices.  
 Great Bath  
 Seals 
 Unicorn seal 
 Bull seal 
 Yogi seal 
 King Priest 
 Dancing Girl 
(discuss in detail time line, area, plan, 
influences, symbolism, material and technique 
and decorative aspects of the above mentioned) 
Buddhist Art 
 
• Introduction to Mauryan 
Empire 321-233 B.C. 
 The great stupa of Sanchi 3
rd
 Century B.C.E 
 Takht-e- BahiMonasteryGandhara and 
98 
 
• Difference in treatment of 
Buddha's image in Hinayana 
and Mahayana sects 
• Significance of Ajanta Caves 
• Comprehension of the 
symbolism of Bodhisattva, 
Buddha, Mudras, Stupa and 
Ashokan Pillars 
Kushan schools 1
st
 -3
rd
 century A.D.  
 Ajanta Caves 
 Buddha with Blue Lotus 
 Composition with White elephant 
(discuss in detail time line, Area, plan, 
influences, symbolism, subject matter, 
materials, techniques, and decorative aspects of 
the above mentioned) 
CLASSICAL ART 
Greek 
Civilization 
• Introduction to Greek 
civilization 
• General outline of architectural 
achievements of Greeks 
• Knowledge of the standardized 
proportions established in 
Greek period in art and 
architecture  
• Timeline, Geographical 
conditions, economic 
conditions, social set up, 
religious beliefs 
 
 Disco bolos byMyron (Roman copy) 
• Parthenon (also introduce Greek orders) 
• Theater (Epidaurus, Greece ) 
 
 
(discuss in detail time line, Area, plan, 
influences, symbolism, subject matter, 
materials, techniques and decorative aspects of 
the above mentioned) 
Roman 
Civilization 
• Introduction to Roman 
civilization 
• Architectural achievements of 
Romans. 
• Timeline, Geographical 
condition, geological 
condition, social set up, 
religious beliefs 
 
 Portrait of Augustus as general from 
Primaporta, Italy; early 1
st
 century of a bronze 
original of 20 BCE, marble, Rome. 
 Colosseum, Rome, Italy, 70-80 BCE (also 
introduce roman order of architecture) 
(discuss in detail time line, Area, plan, 
influences, symbolism, subject matter, 
materials, techniques and decorative aspects of 
the above mentioned) 
 
FINE ARTS I 
STUDIO WORK:  
 
Details of Portfolio (End of Year’s work)   
 
Max Marks: 50 
2D FINE ARTS 
Drawing / Painting  
 
• Still Life 
6 
• Landscape 
• Nature Study 
4  
3 
Technique: as Per requirement 
Medium: paper, lead and Colour pencil, Markers, Pen and Ink, water 
colours, Poster Colours, Gouache 
Time line  
 
Colour Wheel (12 divisions)                  1 
Gradation Chart                                       1 
 
99 
 
Art of Lettering (Calligraphy) 
• English 
1 in any style 
• Urdu 
1 in any Style 
Technique: Exploring the Nib 
Medium: Pen and Ink 
 
Letter Head and Logo/ monogram 
 
• Letter Head 
1  
• Logo 
1  
Technique: as Per requirement 
Medium: As per choice 
 
 
Repeat Pattern 
 
• Repeat patterns 
12  
Technique: as Per requirement 
Medium: Poster Colour, Gouache 
 
Surface Embellishment 
 
• Surface Embellishment 
(on any surface e.g. Pots, Book jackets 
etc.) 
2  
Technique: as Per requirement 
Medium: paper, lead and Colour pencil, Markers, Pen and Ink, collage 
 
Computer Arts 
 
• Computer Arts* (Posters, Cards, 
Illustrations) 
*Clipart and other soft wares for 
compositional awareness 
2  (Size A4, Hard 
copy) 
Technique: Computer Arts 
Medium: Computer 
 
Photography  
(Images collected for the compositional awareness 
and study of various light modes) 
Technique: 
Any 
available 
camera                    
2 (minimum size: postcard) 
 
3D APPLIED ARTS 
Paper Sculpture 
 
• Origami 
1  
• Papier Mache 
1  
Technique: Constructive/ Additive; paper Folding, Paper moulding 
Material: Paper 
The sculptures should not be smaller than 6 square inches 
 
 
100 
 
 
 
Note:  
 
• It is desired that student selects the best work for the portfolio and exhibit in 
presentable manner.  
• The works be duly signed, dated and stamped by the Art teacher.  
• The works reflect the knowledge and understanding of elements of Visual Art and 
principles of design.  
• Plagiarism should be vigilantly checked by the Art teacher. No copied work 
shall be accepted as part of Portfolio. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
FINE ARTS HSSC-II 
 
ART HISTORY: 40 Marks 
Chapters 
General Discussion 
Contents to be focused on: 
Art of the Islamic World 
a) Alhambra Palace 
and Cordoba 
Mosque in Spain  
b) Blue Mosque in 
Turkey 
c) Ibn-e-Tulun 
Mosque Cairo Egypt 
 Basic plan of mosque shows 
simplicity. 
 Influence of Muslims in 
Spain with special reference 
to arabesque. 
 Introduction of 
embellishments on mosques 
in different Muslim regions. 
 How mosque architecture was developed, 
which influences it took from 
contemporary civilizations e.g. adoption 
of dome architecture. 
 Gradual transition in the plan of mosque 
and amalgamation of local traditions of 
each area where Islam was introduced 
 Unique qualities of religious and secular 
buildings of the Islamic world which 
marked culmination of Muslim 
architecture in general. 
 
 
Persian influence was first introduced to the 
Indian subcontinent by Muslim rulers of 
Turkic and Afghan origin, especially with the 
Delhi Sultanate from the 13th century, and in 
the 16th to 19th century by the Mughal 
Empire. ... Persian became the preferred 
language of the Muslim elite of north India. 
Turko-Persian influence 
on art and culture of the 
Indian Subcontinent in 
the Sultanate period 
a) Qutub Minar, 
Delhi 
b) Shah Rukh-e-
Alam Mausoleum 
Multan 
 The composite Turko-
Persian tradition refers to 
a distinctive culture that 
arose in the 9th and 10th 
centuries in Khorasan and 
Transoxiana (present-day 
Afghanistan, Iran, 
Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, 
Tajikistan, minor parts of 
Kyrgyzstan and 
Kazakhstan) 
 The Perso-Islamic tradition 
was a tradition where the 
Turk groups played an 
important role in its 
military and political 
success while the culture 
raised both by and under 
the influence of Muslims 
used Persian as its cultural 
vehicle.  
 Regarding Turko-Persian 
influences, impact of 
Mughals be discussed 
Characteristics of Sultanate architecture  
 A mixture of Indian (Hindu) and Iranian 
(Muslim) Style (to construct their 
buildings on the pattern of Iran and 
Central Asia). 
 Introduction of trabeatedsystem(post & 
lintel), Islamic brick architecture, doomed 
tombs and mausoleums 
 Arabesque designs began to be used for 
decoration purposes. 
 The use of Islamic calligraphy in the 
buildings served dual purposes i.e. 
religious as well as decorative.  
 
102 
 
briefly. 
 
Mughal 
period(1526-
1857)Architecture 
a) Lahore Fort, Lahore 
b) Taj Mahal, Agra 
c) The Badshahi 
Mosque, Lahore 
 
 Time line 
 Political and geographical 
background 
 
 
 Synthesis of the Hindu and Islamic 
architectural modes and techniques. 
 Introduction in India the Persian style of 
four-fold garden (Chahar Bagh)  
 Characteristic features of Mughal 
architecture are the bulbous domes, the 
slender minarets with cupolas at the four 
corners, large halls, massive vaulted 
gateways and delicate ornamentation and 
extensive use of Red sandstone and later 
white marble 
Miniature Paintings or 
the 
Art 
of 
book 
miniature 
paintings 
form: 
a) Akbar Nama: 
Mughal elephants 
in the battle 16
th
 
century. 
b) Jahangir Nama: 
Jahangir holding a 
globe. 17
th
 century. 
c) Squirrels in a plane 
tree 1605-08 by 
Abu-ul-Hassan 
d) Badshahnama: 
Shahjahan 
receiving his three 
eldest sons and 
Asif khan during 
his accession 
ceremonies, Agra, 
Diwan-i-amm,1628 
 
Persian in origin  
 Miniature painting. 
Miniature painting, also 
called (16th–17th century) 
limning, small, finely 
wrought portrait executed on 
vellum, prepared card, 
copper, or ivory. The name is 
derived from the minimum, 
or red lead, used by the 
medieval illuminators 
 
Difference between 
Persian and Mughal Paintings 
 
Differentiate Mughal 
and Rajput Paintings 
 
 Synthesis of the Persian, local Hindu 
painters and European influence  
 Methods and techniques of Mughal 
miniatures 
 Mughal paintings are a particular style of 
South Asian painting, generally confined to 
miniatures either as book illustrations or as 
single works to be kept in albums, which 
emerged from Persian miniature paintings 
 
 
 
 
 
Colonial period: British Raj, 
British colonial rule in India, 
1858 to 1947. 
Company style 
103 
 
Art in Pakistan 
Old Masters of Pakistan 
a) Ustad Allah Baksh 
b) Abdul Rehman 
Chughtai 
c) Hajji Sharif 
d) Zain ul abideen 
e) Sadequain 
f) Shakir Ali 
g) Anna Molka 
Ahmed 
Modern 
Artists 
of 
Pakistan 
h) Zahoor-ul-akhlaq 
i) Shahid sajjad 
j) Ismail Guljee 
k) Bashir Ahmed 
l) A.R Nagori 
m) MianSalahudin 
 
Characteristics of works of all 
artist should be elaborately 
discussed 
 
All major works explained and 
any famous work can be 
discussed in detail, which 
marks the progress of artist 
making him prominent. 
 
Social and political conditions 
according to artists’ works 
must be discussed e.g.  Fame 
of calligraphy in late 60’s 
under Islamization of state. 
 
a) Ustad Allah Baksh: Bridge between pre 
partition art and post partition Pakistani 
art. 
b) Abdul Rehman Chughtai:carried the 
old legacy of Indian sub-continent before 
partition and switched to the 
representation of Muslim ideological 
figures through poetry after partition. 
c) Haji Sharif:belonged to tradition 
miniaturist family, carried the old 
tradition in pre and post partition time. 
d) Sadequain: initiated the calligraphic 
letters in pen n ink. His ornamental 
calligraphic painting started a new 
dimension in Pakistani art. 
e) Shakir Ali: Father of modern art in 
Pakistan 
f) Anna Molka Ahmed: style of painting is 
expressionistic and she also painted 
social and political subjects. 
g) Shahid Sajjad: first sculptor with an 
impact 
h) Ismail Guljee: Contributed to 
Abstraction in Pakistan through his 
calligraphic paintings. 
i) MianSalahudin: Pakistan's first ceramic 
artist 
 
 
 
Studio work: 60 marks  
2D FINEARTS 
DRAWING/ PAINTING 
• Portrait          3  
• Life drawings   6 
• Nature Drawings 3 
• Landscape  2 
o Technique: as per requirement 
o Medium:paper, lead and colour pencil, pen and ink, markers, and pestles, 
water colours, Acrylics and mix media 
2D APPLIED ARTS   
• Book cover and Illustrations    2 
• Posters on diverse issues        6 (focus on the concept, typography and execution) 
104 
 
• Weaving  (Knotting, off loom weave, minimum size: A4, Medium: Thread, wool, 
ribbon, fabric 
• DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY:  2 (size A4, Hard copy) 
Computer Arts (clipart and soft wares for compositions Awareness 
• PHOTOGRAPHY: 2 (Minimum size: post card) 
(Data collection for composition Awareness with still photography using any 
available camera 
 
 
 
Note:  
 
• It is desired that student selects the best work for the portfolio and exhibit in 
presentable manner.  
• The works be duly signed, dated and stamped by the Art teacher.  
• The works reflect the knowledge and understanding of elements of Visual Art and 
principles of design.  
• Plagiarism should be vigilantly checked by the Art teacher. For practice 
purposes copied work is allowed, yet no copied work shall be accepted as part of 
Portfolio. 
 
 
 
 
105 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
COMPUTER SCIENCE 
For Class-XI 
 
1. 
OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER SYSTEM  
 
1.1 
Introduction to Computer  
 
1.2 
Computer Software  
 
2. 
COMPUTER MEMORY  
 
2.1 
Introduction  
 
2.2 
Main Memory 
 
3. 
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT  
 
3.1 
Inside CPU  
 
3.2 
CPU Operations  
 
5. 
NETWORK COMMUNICATION AND PROTOCOLS  
 
5.1 
Introduction  
 
5.2 
Data Communication standards  
 
5.3 
TCP/IP 
 
6. 
WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS  
 
6.1 
Introduction  
 
7. 
DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS  
 
7.1 
Introduction 
 
7.2 
Basic Database Terminologies  
106 
 
 
7.3 
Planning a Database  
 
7.4 
Data Modeling and EntityRelationship Diagram   
 
7.5 
Relational Schema  
 
8. 
DATABASE DEVELOPMENT  
 
8.1 
Introduction  
(i) 
Identify various relational database management systems (MS Access, 
Open Office Base, SQL Server) 
(ii) 
Select any suitable DBMS as an application for creating and maintaining 
databases  
(iii) 
Explain the steps involved to create and save a database (For Practical 
only) 
(iv) 
Explain the following in Database Environment: 
o Database Toolbar 
o Database Window 
o Objects 
 Tables 
 Queries 
 Forms 
 Reports 
 
 
 
8.2 
Working with Tables  
(i)  
Explain different ways of creating, saving and editing a table in 
database.(For Practical only) 
(ii) 
Identify various available data types  
(iii) 
Create a primary key and foreign key in the tables. (For Practical only) 
(iv) 
Create and edit relationship among tables. (For Practical only) 
(v) 
Use navigation buttons to navigate through records in a table. (For 
Practical only) 
(vi) 
Add, modify and delete records from a table. (For Practical only) 
 
8.3 
Working with Forms  
(i) 
Explain different ways of crating, saving and editing a form in a 
database. (For Practical only) 
107 
 
(ii) 
Know different Form views  
(iii) 
Use the navigation buttons to navigate through records displayed in a 
Form.(For Practical only) 
(iv) 
Add, modify and delete records. (For Practical only) 
(v) 
Use Form controls.(For Practical only) 
 
8.4 
Working with queries and commands  
(i) 
Explain different ways of creating, saving and editing a query in a 
database.(For Practical only) 
(ii) 
Use following queries on database 
o SELECT(Where, Group by, Order by) 
o UPDATE 
o DELETE 
o 
INSERT 
o ALTER 
 
8.5 
Generating Reports  
 
 
(i) 
use the report wizard to generate a report.(For Practical only) 
(ii) 
se various report layouts/styles to produce reports  
(iii) 
Set the sort order of records that will appear on the report  
(iv) 
Customized reports using queries (macros and arithmetic 
expressions)(For Practical only) 
(v) 
Save, view and print the report.(For Practical only) 
 
 
 
108 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
COMPUTER SCIENCE 
For Class-XII 
 
1. 
OPERATING SYSTEM  
 
1.1 
Introduction to Operating System  
 
1.2 
Operating System Functions  
 
1.3 
Process Management  
 
2. 
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE  
 
2.1 
System Development Life Cycle    
 
3. 
OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING USING C++  
 
3.1 
Introduction  
 
3.2 
C++ Constants and Variables  
 
3.3 
Input/ Output Handling  
 
3.4 
Operators in C++ 
 
4. 
CONTROL STRUCTURES  
 
4.1 
Decisions  
 
4.2 
Loops 
 
5. 
ARRAYS AND STRINGS  
 
5.1 
Introduction  
 
5.2 
Two dimensional Arrays  
 
5.3 
Strings  
 
109 
 
6. 
FUNCTIONS  
 
6.1 
Functions  
 
8. 
OBJECTS AND CLASSES  
 
8.1 
Classes  
 
 
 
110 
 
Unit-wise Weightages – Grade XI 
Unit 
Title 
Weightage 
 
1 
Overview of Computer System 
7% 
2 
Computer Memory 
5% 
3 
Central Processing 
10% 
4 
Inside System 
5% 
5 
Network Communication and Protocols 
10% 
6 
Wireless Communications 
3% 
7 
Database Fundamentals 
15% 
8 
Database Development 
10% 
 
TOTAL 
70% 
 
Unit-wise Weightages – Grade XII 
Unit 
Title 
Weightage 
 
1 
Operating System 
10% 
2 
System Development Life Cycle 
10% 
3 
Object Oriented Programming Using C++ 
10% 
4 
Control Structure 
15% 
5 
Arrays and Strings 
15% 
6 
Functions 
5% 
7 
Pointers 
0% 
8 
Objects and Classes 
10% 
9 
File Handling 
0% 
 
TOTAL 
75% 
 
 
 
111 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
COMPUTER SCIENCE HSSC (2009 NBF) 
LIST OF COMPOSITE PRACTICALS  
 
COMPUTER HARDWARE 
• 
Identification of Input devices, Output devices, Processing devices, Communication 
devices. 
• 
Identification of various parts of the Motherboard (Ports, Slots, Buses, CPU, Power 
supply, etc.) 
• 
Identification of various types of memories (RAM, ROM, Cache). 
• 
Identification of various types of secondary storage devices (HD, CD, DVD, Flash 
memory, Memory card, Blue ray(BD) disk, SSD, etc.). 
• 
Identification of network devices (Router, NIC, Cables, Switch/hub) 
 
MICROSOFT ACCESS 2007 
• Starting Microsoft Access 
• Creating Tables, Assigning Primary key to the Table, Saving the Table 
• Adding Records to a Table, Modifying Records in a Table, Deleting Records from a 
Table 
• Modifying Records in a Table, Deleting Records from a Table 
• Creating Relationships between tables 
• Creating Queries 
• Viewing/Running Query, Modifying Query, Adding a Calculating Column/Field to a 
Query 
• Creating Queries using Query Design 
• Creating and Running a Data Entry Form, Making Forms More Usable with 
Controls 
• Creating Form with Sub-Form for Related Tables, Creating a Switchboard Form  
• Generating Reports, Creating a Report using a Query 
 
C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 
Programs in C++ related to the following topics. 
• 
Input/Output statements/functions 
• Operators 
• Decision control structure – if() 
• Looping control structure – for(), while(), do-while() 
• Arrays – One dimensional, two dimensional 
• Strings 
• Objects and Classes 
 
Note: The scope/level of programming can be followed as given in the Textbook of 
Computer Science for XII (Published by NBF). 
 
 
112 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PHYSICS HSSC-I 
 
01. 
MEASUREMENTS 
1.2 
Supplementary units (Radian, Steradian) 
1.8 
Precision and accuracy 
1.9 
Dimensions of physical quantities. 
 
02. 
VECTORS AND EQUILIBRIUM 
2.6 
Addition of vectors by rectangular components. 
2.7 
Product of vectors. 
2.9 
Torque 
2.10 Equilibrium. 
2.11 Conditions of equilibrium. 
03. 
FORCES AND MOTION 
3.8 
Linear momentum. 
3.9 
Collisions 
3.11 Projectile Motion. 
 
04. 
WORK AND ENERGY 
4.1 
Work done by a constant force, work done by a variable force. 
4.2 
Work done in a gravitational field. 
4.6 
Absolute Potential energy. 
4.7 
Escape velocity. 
 
05. 
ROTATIONAL AND CIRCULAR MOTION 
5.1 
Angular Motion 
5.2 
Relation between angular and linear quantities. 
5.3 
Centripetal Force and Centripetal Acceleration 
5.4 
Torque and moment of inertia. 
5.5 
Angular momentum and torque. 
5.6 
 Conversation of Angular Momentum 
5.7 
K.E of rotation. 
5.8 
Rolling of a Disc and hoop down the inclined plane. 
 
06. 
FLUID DYNAMICS 
6.1 
Viscous Fluids 
6.2 
Fluid Friction and Stoke’s Law 
6.3 
Terminal Velocity 
6.4 
Equation of continuity. 
 
07. 
OSCILLATIONS 
7.4 
Circular motion and S.H.M. 
7.5 
Simple Pendulum. 
7.7 
Resonance 
7.9 
Phase 
7.10 Damped Oscillations 
 
 
113 
 
08. 
WAVES 
8.4 
Speed of sound. 
8.8 
Beats 
8.9 
Reflection of Waves and Phase Change 
8.10 Stationary Waves. 
8.11 Transverse Stationary waves in a stretched string. 
8.13 Resonance of air column and organ pipes. 
8.14 Doppler effect. 
 
09. 
PHYSICAL OPTICS 
9.3 
Huygen’s Principle. 
9.4 
Coherent Sources. 
9.5 
Interference of Light. 
9.8 
Michelson’s interferometer. 
9.9 
Diffraction of Light 
9.10 Diffraction at a Single Slit 
9.11 Diffraction grating. 
9.12 Diffraction of x-rays by crystals. 
9.13 Polarization of light, Applications of polarized light. 
 
10. 
THERMODYNAMICS 
10.5 Thermodynamic System. 
10.6 Reversible and Irreversible Processes 
10.7 First law of thermodynamics. 
10.8 Molar specific heat of a gas. 
10.9 Heat engine. 
10.10 Second law of thermodynamics. 
10.11 Carnot heat engine. 
10.13 Entropy. 
 
NOTE: All MCQs, short questions and problems relevant to the abovementioned topics 
are included. 
 
 
 
114 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
PHYSICS HSSC-II 
 
11. 
ELECTROSTATICS 
11.4 Electric flux 
11.5 Gauss’ Law and its Application 
11.6 Electric Potential 
11.7 Electric Potential Energy and Potential due to point charge 
11.8 Field and Potential Gradient 
11.9 Electron volt 
11.10 Capacitors 
11.11 Electric Polarization 
11.12 Energy stored in a capacitor 
11.13 Charging and discharging of a capacitor 
 
12. 
CURRENT ELECTRICITY 
12.10 Thermistor 
12.12 Internal Resistance of a supply 
12.13 Electric power 
12.14 Maximum power output 
12.15 Thermocouple 
12.16 Resistance Thermometers 
12.17 Kirchhoff’s Law 
12.18 Wheatstone Bridge 
 
13. 
ELECTROMAGNETISM 
13.2 Force on a current carrying conductor 
13.3 Magnetic Flux 
13.4 Ampere’s Law 
13.5 Magnetic field due to a current carrying Solenoid (Applications are 
excluded) 
13.6 Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field 
13.7 Torque on a current carrying loop / coil 
13.8 Galvanometer (lamp scale method and pivoted coil galvanometer are 
excluded 
13.9 Conversion of Galvanometer into Ammeter 
13.10 Conversion of Galvanometer into Voltmeter 
13.11 Avometer: Multimeter 
 
14. 
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 
14.2 Faraday Law of Electromagnetic Induction 
14.3 Lenz’s Law 
14.4 
Induced EMF 
14.4.3.3 
Eddy currents 
14.5 Generating Electricity 
14.6 AC Motor 
 
15. 
AC CIRCUITS 
15.1 Alternating Voltage and Current 
15.2 Sinusoidal Alternating Voltage and Current 
115 
 
15.3 AC Terminologies 
15.4 Values of Alternating voltage and Current 
15.5 RMS value of Sinusoidal Current 
15.6 Phase of AC 
15.7 AC through Resistance 
15.8 AC through pure inductance 
15.9 AC through Capacitance 
 
16. 
PHYSICS OF SOLIDS 
16.5 Energy Band Theory 
16.6 Super Conductors 
 
17. 
ELECTRONICS 
17.5 Rectification 
17.6 Transistor 
17.7 Types of Configuration 
 
18. 
DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS 
18.1 Reference Frames 
18.2 Special Theory of Relativity 
18.3 Consequences of Special Theory of Relativity 
18.4 Black Body Radiation 
18.5 Photoelectric Effect 
18.6 Compton Effect 
18.7 Pair Production 
18.8 Pair Annihilation 
18.9 Wave Nature of Particles (18.9.1 excluded) 
18.11 Uncertainty Principle 
 
19. 
ATOMIC SPECTRA 
19.7.2 Production of X-Rays 
19.8 Lasers 
 
20. 
NUCLEAR PHYSICS 
20.5 Mass Defect and Binding Energy 
20.9 
Interaction of Radiation with Matter 
20.18 Basic Forces of Nature 
20.19 Building Blocks of Matter 
 
NOTE: All MCQs, short questions and problems relevant to the abovementioned topics 
are included. 
 
 
116 
 
REDUCED LIST OF PRACTICALS  
PHYSICS  
FOR HSSC (2006 KPK) 
 
1. 
Measure length and diameter of a solid cylinder and hence estimate its volume quoting 
proper number of significant figures using Vernier callipers. 
2. 
Measure the diameters of a few ball bearings of different sizes using Screw Gauge and 
estimate their volumes. Mention the uncertainty in each result. 
3. 
Verify the two conditions of equilibrium using a suspended metre rod. 
4. 
Determine the moment of inertia of a fly wheel. 
5. 
Verify that the time period of the simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square 
root of its length and hence find the value of ‘g’ from the graph. 
6. 
Determine time constant by charging and discharging a capacitor through a resistor. 
7. 
Determine resistance of wire by slide Wire Bridge. 
8. 
Analyse the variation of resistance of thermistor with temperature. 
9. 
Determine internal resistance of a cell using potentiometer. 
11. Determine emf of a cell using potentiometer. 
11. 
Investigate the relationship between current passing through a tungsten filament lamp 
and the potential applied across it. 
12. Draw characteristics of semiconductor diode and calculate forward and reverse current 
resistances. 
 
 
 
117 
 
 
 
 
118 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
SOCIOLOGY  
 
I. 
Introduction of Sociology 
1. 
Definition  
 
2. 
Subject matter   
5. 
What Science is!  
6. 
Sociology as a Science       
8. 
Role of Sociologists in the society 
 
II. 
Social Action and Social Interaction  
1. 
Definition of Social Action  
2. 
Essentials of Social Action 
3. 
Importance of studying Social Action 
4. 
Definition of Social Interaction  
5. 
Essentials of Social interaction   
6. 
Importance of Studying Social Interaction 
 
7. 
Distinction between social action and social interaction 
 
III. 
Social Group and Social Processes  
1. 
Definition  
 
2. 
Significance  
3. 
Types as below:  
i. 
Primary and Secondary Groups,    
 
ii. 
Formal and Informal Groups,  
4. 
Definition and forms of social processes:  
- Cooperation 
119 
 
- Competition, 
- Conflict, 
- Accommodation, 
- Assimilation 
 
IV. 
Social Stratification  
1. 
Meaning 
2. 
Determinants 
5.   
Merits and demerits 
6. 
Meaning  
7. 
Class – economic distribution  
9. 
Horizontal and vertical Social Mobility 
 
V. 
Social Norms Status and Role  
1. 
Meaning   
 
 
 
2. 
Significance  
 
 
3. 
Folk Ways  
 
 
4. 
Mores      
 
 
 
5. 
Laws  
 
 
 
 
8.   
Meaning of Status and Role  
 
9. 
Types of Status – achieved and ascribed  
 
 
VI. 
Values and Belief  
 
1.   
Definition of values and belief 
 
VII. 
Society  
1. 
Definition  
2. 
Elements  
 
120 
 
3. 
Significance  
4. 
Rural and Urban Society 
 
VIII. 
Culture and Civilization  
1. 
Meaning of culture and civilization  
 
2. 
Significance of culture and civilization  
3. 
Uniformities and variabilities of culture   
 
IX. 
Social Institution  
1. 
Meaning   
 
2. 
Significance   
3. 
Family   
4. 
Education  
5. 
Religion    
 
6. 
Polity  
7. 
Economy   
8. 
Recreation 
 
 
121 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
SOCIOLOGY  
 
I. 
Social Control  
1. 
Meaning 
2. 
Significance 
3. 
Agencies of social control 
4. 
Social control in modern welfare society 
5. 
Good Governance and Social Control 
6. 
Role of Islamic Values in Social Control 
7. 
Deviant behaviour with reference to crime and violence in Pakistani society 
 
II. 
Environmental and Social Life  
1. 
Meaning of Environment 
2. 
Significance 
3. 
Impact of physical environment on Social Life 
 
III. 
Social Research  
1. 
Meaning 
2. 
Functions 
3. 
Significance 
4. 
Types – Pure and Applied dynamics of social research in Pakistan 
 
IV. 
Social Change  
1.   
Definition 
 
2. 
Processes  
4. 
Factors promoting social change in Pakistani society       
6. 
Introduction of information technology and social changes taking place in 
Pakistani society  
122 
 
 
V. 
Culture and Society  
1.   
Cultural heritage and ideological foundations of Pakistan 
2. 
Uniformities and variabilities among the sub-cultures  
 
3.   
Islamic Cultural Values  
4.   
Nature of National Integration and Cohesion in Pakistan with special reference 
to debacle of East Pakistan 
5.   
Steps to strengthen national integration in relation to Islamic ideological 
foundations of Pakistan 
6.   
Definition  
7.   
Processes and agencies of socialization  
9.   
Definition of the national character  
 
10.  
Ways to strengthen the characteristics of national character 
 
VI. 
Social Problems  
Meaning classification causes, consequences and remedies of following social problems 
in Pakistan  
– Over population  
– Social disorganization 
– Poverty  
– 
Illiteracy  
VII. 
Communities  
1. 
Definition of community  
2. 
Nature of rural community 
 
 
123 
 
CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF STATISTICS SYLLABUS 
 
1.  
Introduction to Statistics: Collection (1/8) and Presentation of Data 
 
Content 
Scope 
Nature and Importance of the Science of 
Statistics, Statistical Data, Population and 
sample. Brief 
revision of 
classification, 
tabulation and frequency distributions and 
their graphic representation, Bar Charts, 
rectangles and pie-charts. 
Define 
Statistics, 
give 
importance 
of 
measurements and different fields of science 
where measurements are useful. Explain 
different types of raw data in the fields of 
Science and Humanities, mainly in Medicine, in 
Agriculture, in Chemistry and Psychology. 
Explain the difference between a population 
and a sample, use sketches for showing 
population. Explain the importance of the 
sample. Demonstrate types of frequency 
distributions 
like 
symmetrical and non-
symmetrical 
Cumulative 
and 
relative 
frequency distributions be explained by the 
use of sketches, Explain bar charts in different 
forms namely; divided bar charts, compound 
bar charts. Give an explanation for expressing 
data in rectangles an pie chart. 
 
2. 
Measure of Location and Dispersion. (2/8) 
 
Contents 
Scope 
Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean. Harmonic 
mean. Median, Quantiles, Mode, Range, Mean 
Deviation, Variance, 
Standard deviation, 
Difference between Absolute and Relative 
Measures of Dispersion. Moments, Skewness, 
Kurtosis. 
Explain arithmetic mean and variance of raw 
data from a frequency table, using mid points 
and also by change of origin and scale and 
their properties. To explain geometric mean, 
use ungrouped data as well as grouped data. 
Explain the method of direct calculation using 
root and also by using logarithms. To explain 
median and quantiles graphical method be 
explained as well. Mathematical proofs are not 
required. 
 
124 
 
3.  
Index Number (1/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Introduction to Index numbers concept of price 
index numbers 
steps 
involved 
in 
the 
construction 
of 
price 
index 
numbers 
“Unweighted price index numbers (fixed based 
and chain based method)” weighted price 
index numbers 
(Laspeyer’spaasche’s 
and 
fisher’s ) consumer price index number (CPI), 
construction methods for whole sale and 
consumer price index numbers with reference 
to Pakistan. 
Explain the index numbers as a useful 
statistical technique to assess the growth or 
fall of a certain item or economic series with 
respect to time or any other unit. Price index 
numbers by simple relative and link relative 
methods be explained. Price index and its 
constructions must be given as examples. 
Fixed base and chain base methods for price 
indices be explained. The concept of weights 
be explained with reference to the arithmetic 
means in grouped data. Laspeyr’s and Fisher’s 
indices be explained by applying the standard 
results on a number of exercises. Consumer 
price index number be explained in general 
and with reference to Pakistan. Similarly 
whole-sale price index numbers to be also 
explained in a similar way. 
 
4. 
Simple Linear Regression and Correlation (1/8) 
 
Contents 
Scope 
Bivariable data (non-random versus random 
variable) scatter diagram; estimation of 
regression parameters by 
least squares 
method, properties of the regression line; 
interpretation and applications of 
the 
regression line. 
Bivariate data, 
(random versus random 
variable) scatter diagram; point estimation of 
population correlation co-efficient; properties 
of 
the 
sample 
correlation 
co-efficient; 
interpretation and application. 
Explain “Bivariate data”, by giving sketches of 
scatter diagrams when one variable is specified 
and several values of response variable are 
assumed given at each  non random variable 
similarly the sketches when both variable are 
random be also drawn and explained. Least 
square method be explained, normal equation 
be formed and estimation of regression 
parameters be given in terms of ∑ X, ∑ Y, ∑
XY, ∑ Y
2
, and ∑ X
2
. Both the regression lines 
be explained by considering an example in 
which few values of the two variables are given 
the properties to be included are : 
i. 
Sum up squares of deviation from 
regression line is minimum. 
125 
 
ii. 
The point of 
intersection of 
regression lines at (X, Y). 
Interpret by explaining the use of line of 
regression 
for 
forecasting 
and 
for 
estimating at “n” unknown values of 
independent variable. 
Explain the correlation co-efficient by 
explaining bivariate data in which both 
variables are random, the calculation of 
correlation co-efficient be explained by 
considering examples. The properties of 
correlations co-efficient be explained by 
considering: 
i.  rxy    =  ryx 
ii. r lying between – 1 and +1. 
iii. the value of correlation co-efficient 
does not change by the change of origin 
and scale and correlation can be obtained 
by geometric mean of the regression co-
efficient. 
 
5. 
Analysis of time series (1/8) 
Contents 
Scope 
Introduction to the concept of time series; 
nature of fluctuations, signal and noise, 
components of a time series, measurement of 
secular trend by free hand, semi averages, 
moving averages and least squares (linear and 
quadratic), advantages and limitations of these 
methods. 
Explain the time series as a series in which one 
variable is time occurring at specified intervals 
(non random and the other variable is 
random). 
Examples be given from Economics, Public 
Administration, Business administration, Trade 
and Commerce. Fluctuation in the time series 
be explained in terms of trend which is given in 
terms of components of a time series and 
random fluctuations as noise. Linear and 
quadratic forms of time series be considered. 
The linear and quadratic time series be 
compared with trend obtained by free hand, 
semi averages and moving averages method. 
 
126 
 
CONTENTS AND SCOPE OF STATISTICS SYLLABUS  
 
1. 
Probability (1/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Brief 
revision of 
set 
theory, 
random 
experiment, sample space, events. Axiomatic 
and 
relative 
definition 
of 
probability. 
Conditional 
probability, 
multiplication 
theorem, 
(without proof) 
independence, 
application of addition theorem, counting 
rules, permutations and combinations and 
their 
real-world problems 
involving 
the 
computation of probabilities.  
In 
explaining 
‘basic 
concepts’, 
givehe 
difference between certainty and uncertainty 
by examples. Examples shall be selected from 
areas such as, business. Medicine, Agriculture, 
Astronomy, 
Psychology, 
etc. 
Also 
the 
applications of probability for prediction and 
forecasting be highlighted.  
Addition theorem of two events conditional 
probability, 
multiplication 
theorem 
be 
explained with the help of bivariate tables. 
Concept of independence be explained using 
classical logic through coins and dice as well as 
real events. 
In counting problems many examples be given 
for the calculation of number of combinations 
and permutations. The multiplication method 
of counting be explained through examples. 
While explaining applications of probability 
from real world problems, exercise be selected 
from different scientific 
fields such as 
Medicine, 
Meteorology, 
Engineering 
Agriculture, Space Sciences etc. 
 
2. 
Discrete and continuous probability distribution (2/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Concept 
of 
random variable, 
discrete 
univariate probability distributions, joint and 
marginal probability, expectation and variance 
of discrete random variables, discrete uniform 
Explain random variable by sample space, 
variable and probability. Explain the difference 
between mathematical variable and random 
variable: random variables can be discrete or 
127 
 
distributions generation and application of 
random numbers, 
continuous univariate 
probability distributions through geometrical 
concepts. 
continuous. Examples of random variables like 
number of patients in a clinic per day, number 
of accidents on a given road per weak, number 
of plants without followers per square yard in 
a given fields etc, be explained as real world 
examples of random variable. 
In discussing discrete variate: “Probability 
distribution expectation and variance”, use 
frequency tables for head and tails in coins, 
number of defective items in lots of five items 
etc, number of accidents per week on a certain 
road. Discrete uniform distribution to be 
discussed through random numbers which 
should be generated or obtained from random 
number tables. Discrete uniform distribution 
would thus be obtained and mean variance 
would be obtained from there. While doing 
this random number table on one page or 
more 
than one pages may be used. 
“Continuous 
univariate 
probability 
distributions”, would be those which can be 
sketched through linear functions such as F(x)  
= x + a  from the lower limit would be shown 
equating to one, and areas on smaller intervals 
would be shown as values of probability 
 
3.  
Hypergeometric and Binominal Probability, Distributions (1/8) 
 
Contents 
Scope 
Hyper geometric experiment, Hyper geometric 
distribution, 
its mean, 
variance 
and 
applications, 
Bernoulli 
trails, 
Binominal 
distribution, its mean, variance, skewness and 
applications. 
Hypergeometric experiments to be explained 
through examples such as selecting a number 
of fish of particular type from a large pond, 
selecting a set of defective items from a 
production 
belt 
in 
a 
factory 
etc. 
Hypergeometric distribution to be explained 
using “M” balls in a box out of which “k” balls 
are white and (M-k) balls are black and “n” 
balls are drawn from the box, the probability 
expression would be explained. Special cases 
for specific values of “N”, “k” and “n” to be 
obtained. The expression for the mean and the 
128 
 
variance of hyper geometric distribution to be 
given without derivation but to be explained 
thoroughly, “Bernoulli trails to be explained 
using black and white balls in a box, head and 
tail in case of a coin, boy and girl in a family, 
defective and nondefective items in a given 
large lot, sick and healthy people in a town etc. 
The evens would be defined in terms of the 
result of a given number of trails such as 
(HTTHH) occurring in a five trails from five 
losses of coin. The number of heads, the 
number of balls of a particular colour in a 
selection of (say ) 10 balls, etc be defined as 
the Binominal 
variable. 
The Binominal 
probability distribution to be explained by first 
explaining Bernoulli trails, the mean and 
variance be derived. In the exercises, problems 
must be selected from fields such as Medicine, 
Agriculture, Engineering, Geology, Pharmacy 
and Psychology etc.  
 
 
 
4.  
Normal Distribution (1/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Normal probability distribution and 
its 
properties, computation of probabilities (areas 
under the National Curve), applications in real 
life, kurtosis. 
Normal Probability distribution to be explained 
by writing the mathematical function with its 
parameters. The sketches of the normal 
distribution to be explained by : 
i. Keeping parameter of mean as fixed and 
changing the standard deviation. 
ii. Keeping the parameter of standard 
deviation as fixed and changing the 
parameter of mean. The standard normal 
distribution be explained and the tables 
of areas under the standard normal 
distribution be explained. Exercise be 
given so that for given intervals areas are 
obtained with the use of normal tables 
and also intervals are obtained when 
129 
 
probabilities are given. Exercise based on 
fields 
such as, Medicine, business, 
agriculture, Psychology, Economics etc., 
be solved in sufficient number. 
 
5. 
Sampling and sampling distribution (1/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Population and 
sample: 
advantages of 
sampling; sampling error and non-sampling 
error; 
probability 
and 
non-probability 
sampling sample 
random and stratified 
random sampling. 
Population and 
sample, 
advantages of 
sampling” be explained by stating that 
populations are usually large and not generally 
possible to observe each and every member of 
it. This problem be explained as kind of 
difficult situation to be solved. The importance 
of random sample be explained, which gives 
accurate results for the parameters of the 
population and is a useful statistical procedure 
to arrive at almost accurate results sampling 
be also explained as a useful technique for 
prediction.  
“Sampling error”, be explained as the amount 
of error that would occur while drawing the 
sample,. The measurement of sampling error 
be explained as a useful way of knowing the 
precision of the index, which is derived from 
the sample.  
“Non sampling error” be explained as those 
errors which cannot be eliminated. These 
occur in cases when there is a fault in the 
measuring scale or the observation kit. 
Examples of sampling be given from fields such 
as 
Agriculture, 
Medicine, 
Psychology, 
Economics etc. 
Selection of all possible samples from finite 
population with and without re-placement, 
parameter and statistic, sampling distributions 
of mean and proportion, concept of Central 
Limit Theorem, sampling distributions of 
difference between means and proportions of 
samples drawn from two distinct populations. 
Explain the sampling distribution of the mean 
by first showing that sample mean is a random 
variable. In order to do this, selection of all 
possible samples from finite populations with 
and without replacement be explained. Explain 
the terms parameter and statistic as quantities 
related with the population and sample 
respectively. The sampling distribution of the 
130 
 
variance be explained through examples based 
on a small set of observations. In the same 
way, the sampling distribution of proportion 
be explained also. 
Central limit theorem be explained to show 
the shape location and dispersion of the 
distribution of the sample mean when samples 
are large and when the distribution of the 
population is unknown or known to be non-
normal. 
 
6.  
Statistical inference (1/8) 
 
Content 
Scope 
Concept of 
statistical 
Inference: 
Point 
estimation of the population mean, variance 
and proportion: unbasedness of mean and 
proportion intervals for the mean of a normal 
population (known and unknown standard 
deviation), confidence interval of proportion 
(large samples): confidence interval for the 
difference 
of 
two 
populations, 
(large 
independent samples). 
 
Formulation 
of 
Alull 
and 
alternative 
hypotheses: type-I and type-II error, test of 
hypotheses for the mean of a normal 
population (known and unknown standard 
deviation). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Explained standard inference by showing that 
the mean and variance parameters in a 
population are mostly unknown. Explain that 
mostly, samples are only available. Discuss the 
techniques of inference as a set of statistical 
procedures by which unknown parameters of 
the 
given 
population 
are 
estimated. 
Parameters be explained as point estimators, 
confidence interval, hypothesis to be tested. 
Explain point estimation of the population 
mean, variance and proportion by considering 
a finite population of four of five observations 
and by writing all the samples of two or three 
or four observations. Mean and variance be 
explained with reference to such finite of 
mean and proportion explained with such 
finite populations as well. 
Explain the confidence Interval for the mean of 
a normal distribution when standard deviation 
is known by writing the probability express for 
standard normal variable on an interval and 
then converting it into a confidence interval 
and of “Mean”, When standard deviation is 
unknown, use of distribution and variable be 
explained. 
131 
 
 
 
 
 
For population mean and proportion (large 
samples) test of hypothesis for the difference 
between means of two normal populations in 
the case of independent and samples. 
Confidence Interval/T of hypothesis for the 
difference of two means of independent 
samples in case of unknown and ----------- 
population variances are not to be considered. 
For population mean and proportion when the 
distribution is not given, large samples be 
considered so that central limit theorem could 
be applied. Explain the confidence Interval for 
the 
difference 
between means 
and 
proportions by considering large independent 
samples, s that central limit theorem is 
applicable. 
Explain Null hypothesis in its different forms 
i.e., simple and composite one sided and two 
sided. Explain the Test by considering sample 
mean and sample proportion. Type-I error and 
its probability X and Type-II error with its 
probability B be explained by using sketches of 
Normal Probability Curve. Calculation of X and 
B is not required. Test of hypothesis for the 
mean of the Normal Population be discussed 
by writing the steps (usually 8 or 9). Use of 
sketches be encouraged. 
 
7. 
Association (1/8) 
 
Contents 
Scope 
Concept of categorical or qualitative data 
Bivariate 
categorical 
(qualitative) 
data; 
association versus 
independence of two 
qualitative variables; (Nominal and ordinals 
scales), contingency table; chi-square test of 
independence. Measurement of association 
between two qualitative variables through the 
method of rank correlation co-efficient. 
Explain the categorical data by considering 
categories in a unvariate case and in a 
bivariate case. It may further be explained 
using nominal and ordinal scales. 
It be 
explained that the most important statistical 
analysis in this type of data is known as 
association or 
independence. Real 
life 
examples be considered to explain various 
types of data. Explain the calculation of 
expected frequencies in a univariate and 
bivariate contingency table. Calculation of chi 
square to be explained by considering 
examples of un-variate and bivariate tables. 
Explain with examples the situation, where 
observations are ranked or ordered. Examples 
where two judges rank a group of competitors 
in a flower arrangement competition, the 
132 
 
ranking of competitors in a fashion show or 
dish competition of 
food dishes or 
in 
competitions of paintings etc. The formula of 
rank correlation be given and applied in 
several examples. 
 
 
8. 
Orientation of Computers (1/8) 
 
Contents 
Scope 
Introduction 
to 
Computers, 
types 
of 
Computers, Hardware and Software, Hardware 
components of a personal computer. Inputs 
processing and output devices, binary system 
as a foundation of Computer programming. 
Basic Idea of writing and running a Computer 
Programme, 
system 
Software: 
 
DOS 
application software, Computer Languages. 
While introducing the Computer given the 
names of different components like keyboard, 
CPU, Monitor, Printer, Also explain briefly the 
function of each: Computer diskettes of 
different types be introduced. Computer 
diskettes and Data storage devices. The use of 
computers to store large memorial and 
categorical data 
to be explained. The 
capability of Computers to present the data in 
the form of Bar Charts, Pie charts, Histograms 
and frequency table be explained. 
To explain Hardware: the parts of the 
Computer such as the keyboard, the function 
of different keys be explained. The different 
parts of CPU and their functions be explained, 
the monitor be explained as an input and 
output device, Printer to be explained as an 
output device. 
 On discussing Software, one should explain 
the meaning of Computer programme and the 
device where it can be recorded the floppy 
disk, DC and Hard disk. Functioning of a 
Computer be explained with the help of three 
steps, Input and Output i.e., statistical data 
when given to Computer it is an input then it 
goes into the processing, which occur in CPU. 
The various parts of CPU should be explained 
here, then the output is obtained which can 
133 
 
further be stored in secondary storage device. 
Explain how the Computer system is based on 
the Binary system by giving examples: also 
give them an idea of BIT and BYTES. Explain 
the difference between writing, loading and 
running of a programme. 
While explaining the system Software one 
should start with the concept of operating 
system and same different operating system 
such as DOS, UNIX, WINDOWS. But explain 
only DOS by introducing such terms like File, 
Directory, Field and explain the commands 
like: Clear Date, Time, Version, End, Delete, 
Copy, Erase, Save, Shift, Print, Dir/P, dir/W, 
make directory etc. 
 
134 
 
STATISTICS PRACTICAL 
 
The following topics will be included in the syllabus of practicals:  
1. 
Probability, discrete and continuous probability distribution.  
2. 
Binomial, hypergeometric and normal distribution.  
3. 
Statistical inference, association.  
4. 
Orientation of computers.  
 
Note: 
 
 
Two marks will be reserved for the Practical Note Book. The Note Book must contain a 
minimum of Nine practical according to the pattern and guidelines given below: 
Three marks will be reserved for Viva voce. Viva will be conducted in the Examination 
hall with reference to the practical contained in the Note Book and /or the practicals 
contained in examination hall. 
 
 
 
 
135 
 
136 
 
137 
 
138 
 
139 
 
140 
 
 
141 
 
 
 
142 
 
	
 
	 


  
	
  


  

  
	
  


  

  
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145 
 
 
 
146 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS (COMMERCE GROUP PART-I)  
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS  
 
1. 
Business Arithmetic: 
 
a.    
Ratios and Proportion  
 
b. 
Percentage 
 
c. 
Discount 
 
d. 
Commission  
 
e.  
Profit and Loss  
2. 
Interest 
 
a. 
Simple Interest 
b. 
Compound Interest 
3.  
Equations 
 
a. 
Linear Equations 
 
b. 
Quadratic Equations (Factorization and quadratic formula) 
 
c. 
Simultaneous Equations  
 Equations reducible to quadratic equations are excluded.  
4. 
Matrices and Determinants 
 
 
147 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING  
 
 
1.  
Definition, basic concepts, Double Entry System of Book? Deeping, its objectives and 
advantages  
2. 
Accounting Cycle: Accounting equation Journal, Ledger and Trial Balance  
3. 
Cash Book  
4. 
Banking Transactions: Kinds of bank accounts and procedure of recording of banking 
transactions; cheques; cheque register; bank reconciliation statement, its objectives and 
preparation (Exclude revised cash book and double column cash book) 
6. 
Capital and Revenue: Meaning-Distinction between capital and revenue items; Expenses  
7. 
Rectification of Errors: Kinds of error-correction of errors after and before closing the 
books of accounts  
8. 
Financial Statement: Trading and profit and loss account income statement and balance 
sheet-form and its preparation  
9. 
Adjustments and Closing Process: Prepaid and outstanding expenses; Accrued and 
unearned income; provision for Bad Doubtful Debt; Provisions for Discount; 
Depreciation, interest on capital and drawing  
 
 
LIST OF EQUIPMENT, LAB-REQUIREMENTS  
 
Book Keeping machines, Overhead Projectors, Slide Projector, Scientific electric 
 
calculators, Amount perforator on Cheque, Bank Draft, Business film though T.V.  
 
 
 
 
148 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PRINCIPLES OF COMMERCE  
 
1.  
Introduction  
 
Definition of Commerce, its importance and scope. Branches of commerce, Trade, 
 
Insurance, Finance, Marketing, Warehousing and Industry, Essentials of establishing a 
 
business house and qualities of a good businessman  
 
2. 
Types of Commercial Organizations  
 
a.  
Sole Proprietorship:  
 
 
Definition, Features, merits and demerits  
 
b.  
Partnership:  
 
 
Formation Features, Partnership Agreement/Deed Advantages,Disadvantages 
and  
 
Dissolution  
 
c.  
Joint Stock Company/Corporation:  
 
 
Special Feature, Kinds, Formation; Memorandum of Association, Articles of  
 
 
Association, Certificate of Registration,Prospectus, Certificate of  
 
 
 
 
Commencement of Business, management: shareholders, Directors and  
 
 
 
Managing Director, Winding up  
 
d.  
Cooperative Society:  
 
 
Features, kinds, advantages and disadvantages; Basic concepts of Musharqa,  
 
 
Mudarba 
 
4.  
Trade  
 
Kinds:  
 
a.  
Home Trade:  
 
 
Whole sale, Retails, Middlemen, Salesmanship and advertisement.Channel of  
 
 
distribution and Chamber of Commerce  
 
b.  
Purchase and Sales of Goods:  
149 
 
 
 
Procedure, documents used in home trade, price list, invoice, transportation 
and  
 
 
Railway receipts  
 
c.  
Foreign Trade   
 
 
 
Import: 
 
 
Import procedure, documents used  
 
 
Export:  
 
 
Export procedure, documents used and role of Export Promotion Bureau  
 
 
 
 
 
150 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS  
 
MICRO ECONOMICS 
 
What is Economics about?  
a.  
The nature, (Definitions) and methods of economic analysis  
 
 
1. 
Demand and Supply:  
a.  
law of demand, changes indemand, elasticity of demand, measurement of 
elasticity of demand (outline method) 
 
b.  
supply and stock, law of supply  
 
c.  
Equilibrium between demand and supply  
 
d. 
Effects of changes in demand and/or supply on market equilibrium 
 
2. 
Consumer Demand Theory: 
 
Law of diminishing and marginal utility (cardinal approach)  
 
3. 
The Cost and Revenue of a Firm: 
Classification of cost, fixed cost, variable cost, total average cost, marginal cost 
(Graphical Representation) 
total revenue, marginal and average revenue (Graphical Representation) 
 
4. 
Laws of Returns:  
(Law of variable proportions) 
 
151 
 
5. 
Price and Output Determination: 
Concept of perfect coemption, concept and occurrences, price and output 
determination under-perfectcompetition  
 
6.  
Resource Pricing:  
 
b. 
Factors of production (brief introduction)  
 
 
(i) 
Land and its characteristics  
 
 
(ii) 
Labour and its characteristics  
 
 
(iii) 
Capital and its importance 
 
 
(iv) 
Organization and its forms (introduction) 
 
152 
 
MACRO ECONOMICS 
 
1.  
National Income  
 
Measurement of National Income:  
 
a.  
National Income at factor earning  
 
 
b.  
National Income at Market price  
 
c.  
Expenditure approach to income measurement  
 
GNP = Gross National Product  
 
GDP = Gross Domestic Product 
 
NNP = Net National Product  
 
NI = National Income  
 
 
 
PI = Personal Income  
 
 
DPI = Disposable Personal Income  
 
PCI = Per-Capita Income 
 
2.  
Money  
 
What is Money?  
 
a.  
Functions of money  
 
 
c.  
Inflation and its effects  
 
3. 
Business Cycle  
 
a.  
Phases of business cycle 
 
4. 
International Trade  
153 
 
 
Introduction to International Trade, balance of trade and balance of payment  
 
5. 
Public Finance  
 
Cannons of taxation, Zakat and Ushr 
 
 
 
 
 
154 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS ( COMMERCE GROUP PART-II ) 
BANKING  
 
1. 
Definition and origin of banking  
 
2. 
Kinds of Banks  
 
a.  
Central Bank  
 
 
 
 
 
b.  
Commercial Bank  
 
c.  
Industrial Bank – IDBP, NDFC   
 
 
d.  
Agricultural Bank  
 
e.  
Investment Bank – ICP   
 
 
 
f.  
Saving Bank  
 
g.  
Cooperative Bank  
 
3.  
Commercial Banks  
 
i.  
Scheduled and non-scheduled banks  
 
ii.  
Functions, Importance and services performed by a modern commercial bank  
 
4. 
Kinds of Bank Account:  
 
a.  
Saving   
 
 
b.  
Current  
 
 
c.  
Fixed   
 
d.  
PLS  
 
7. 
Central Bank 
 
a.  
Origin and growth  
 
 
b.  
Functions of a Central Bank  
 
c.  
Credit control measures  
d.  
State Bank of Pakistan – its relation with scheduled banks and its role in the 
national economy  
 
8. 
Foreign Exchange  
 
Meaning – exchange rates, exchange control and trade, foreign remittances  
 
 
155 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
BUSINESS STATISTICS 
 
1. 
Nature of Statistics  
 
What is statistics? Subject matter, fields of statistics and the types of questions it 
can  
answer, importance of statistics in different fields.  
 
2. 
Statistical Data  
 
a.  
Types of data – Primary and secondary  
 
 
 
3. 
Presentation of Data 
 
a.  
Classification-the bases of classification  
 
 
4.  
Averages of the First Order  
 
Means, Mode, Median  
 
 
5. 
Index Number  
 
 
 
 
156 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS 
COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY  
 
1. 
World  
 
Part-I:  
Definition of world commercial activities and their response to different  
 
 
 
environments:  
 
 
 
a.  
Primary/Primitive activities 
 
 
 
b. 
Fishing 
 
 
 
d. 
Lumbering  
 
 
 
e.   
Agricultural activities 
 
 
 
h.  
Farming-Subsistence  
 
 
 
k. 
Types and products 
 
 
 
l.  
Iron and Steel, Textile  
 
 
 
m.  
Population growth-its global distribution, trends and its effect on  
 
 
 
 
various commercial activities 
 
 
 
n.  
Growth – World-wide 
 
 
 
o. 
Distribution 
 
 
 
r.  
Choices of different countries  
 
 
 
s.  
Inter-relationship of choices and commercial activities  
 
 
 
t.  
Impact of the latest technology on existing commercial activities  
 
 
 
 
and the resultant trends  
 
 
Part-II: World resources and their distribution  
 
 
 
a. 
Agricultural resources with special emphasis on food resources 
and  
 
 
 
rate of consumption  
 
 
 
 
i. 
Wheat, Rice, Tea  
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Cotton and Rubber  
 
 
 
 
iii. 
Commodity flow and consumption  
 
 
 
b. 
Mineral resources and their reserve estimates:  
 
 
 
 
 
i. 
Iron, Ore 
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Gold 
 
 
 
c.  
Energy resources and their application  
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Electricity- Thermal/Hydro-electric/nuclear  
 
 
 
 
 
iii. 
Natural Oil and Gas  
 
 
 
d.  
Human resources and their utilization:   
 
 
 
 
 
i. 
Types according to various occupations   
 
 
 
 
ii. 
Utilization-Optimum and under utilization  
 
 
 
 
 
iii. 
Effects on Socio-economic conditions  
 
2. 
Pakistan 
 
a.  
Location and physical environments  
 
 
i. 
Geographical location and physical features  
 
 
iii. 
Irrigations  
 
b.  
Resources and their exploitation  
 
 
i. 
Agricultural and their exploitation: Sugar-cane, Cotton  
 
 
ii. 
Power-Electricity, Nuclear, Solar Energy  
157 
 
 
d.  
Logistics for the transfer of various resources:  
 
 
 
i. 
Roads  
 
e. 
Priorities and identity of the commercial needs of Pakistan 
 
 
i. 
Food autarky  
 
 
ii. 
Technology know-how and its application in various fields of 
commercial  
 
 
 
activities  
 
 
iv. 
Perspectives needs and their fulfilment, by adding facilities like   
 
 
augmenting the existing irrigation system power resources etc  
 
 
 
 
158 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
COMPUTER STUDIES  
FOR COMMERCE GROUP 
 
I.  
Introduction to Computer System  
 
a. 
Definition of Computer and usefulness in Commerce  
 
b. 
Types of Computer  
 
 
i. 
Differentiation among Digital, Analog and Hybrid Computers  
 
 
ii. 
Classification of Digital Computer, Micro Computers, Mini Computers,  
 
 
 
Mainframe, Elements of Data Processing  
 
 
iii. 
Familiarization with terminology and brief description of various fields,  
 
 
 
within computer science i.e. Hardware, Software (System Software and  
 
 
 
Application Software) System analysis Programming etc.  
II.   
Components of Digital Computer System and their Functions:  
 
Central Processing Unit:  
 
i. 
Control Unit 
 
ii. 
Arithmetic and Logic Unit  
 
iii. 
Main Memory  
 
 
a.   
Input/Output Devices  
 
 
 
Functioning, advantages and disadvantages of various input/output  
 
 
 
 
devices i.e. Terminal printers, Card Readers, Diskette Readers 
etc.  
 
 
b. 
Secondary Storage Devices  
 
 
 
Disk drives fixed (Winchester), removable, Floppy, Magnetic Tape drive 
 
 
 
 
etc, Usage and suitability of various secondary storage devices 
according  
 
 
 
to their speed and volume should be explained. 
IV.  
Elements of Data Processing  
 
Problems solving and various stages involved  
 
a. 
Defining the Problem  
 
b. 
Analysing of the problem  
 
 
c. 
Alogrithm 
 
d. 
Flow-charting  
 
e. 
Coding (Programming) the problem 
 
f. 
Processing the Problem 
 
g. 
Testing and Debugging 
 
h. 
Final Output (Showing results of Problem)  
VI.  
Elements and Programming in Basic Language  
 
a. 
Assignment statements 
 
b. 
Control statements 
 
c. 
Input/Output statements  
 
d. 
Specification statements  
 
e. 
Usage of Basic Statements in developing programmes for simple problems  
VII.  Major Applications  
 
For Research Development in:  
 
Commercial, accounting, banking, insurance, shipping, census, immigration, taxation, 
 
communications, examinations, inventory (stores) personal information system  
 
 
 
159 
 
REDUCED SYLLABUS  
PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING  
 
1. 
Accounting for Non-Profit Earning Concerns: Income and Expenditure Account; 
Receipts and Payments Accounts and Balance Sheet  
2. 
Accounting for Incomplete Records: Calculation of profit and loss statement of 
affairs  
3. 
Depreciation-Nature, methods straight line and diminishing balance  
5. 
Accounting for Consignments: fully and partly sold goods excluding invoice price 
method, Account Sale Statement  
7. 
Accounting for Joint Stock Companies: Formation-Kinds of companies; company 
documents; types of shares; issue of sharesat at par, at premium at discount; over-
subscription for features and re-issue of share. Issue of debentures, Bond at par, at 
premium, and at discount-redemption of debentures  
 
 
LIST OF EQUIPMENT, LAB-REQUIREMENTS  
 
Book Keeping Machines, Overhead Projectors, Slide Projector, Scientific electric 
 
calculators, Amount perforator on Cheque, Bank Draft, Business film through 
T.V.