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Accelerated Biology: Unit 4 Learning Guide – Macromolecules 12/09
1.3 Chemical Reactions
1. What is a chemical bond?
2. Distinguish between a chemical bond and a chemical reaction.
3. What is activation energy and why is it needed?
1.4 Chemical Bonds
4. How are electrons involved in forming an ionic bond?
5. How are electrons involved in forming a covalent bond?
6. What happens to electrons in a polar covalent bond? How does this result in a “slight” charge on the O and
H’s in water?
7. Explain the differences between ionic bonds, covalent bonds, polar covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds/
attractions?
8. Distinguish between the terms polar and non-polar
9. The hydrogen bond is really just weak attraction, sometimes called the hydrogen attraction. Why is it weak
and what is being attracted to what?
10. Can you create and interpret chemical (molecular) and structural formulas? [Hint: review building molecules
activity]
11. What are the unique properties of water, such as adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension, which results from
hydrogen bonds? [water Olympics / water readings and color plates]
1.6 Organic Compounds and Life
12. What defines an organic compound?
13. What is a macromolecule? What do you think the word macro means? What are the four classes of
macromolecules?
1.7 Carbohydrates
14. Describe the composition, subunits (or building blocks) of carbohydrates. What elements and functional
groups are present?
15. List examples of mono, di and polysaccharides and their functions in living things
16. Study figure 1.18, notice how the monosaccharides are linked to make a disaccharide. What atoms are
removed in this process and what byproduct forms as a result?
17. How are carbohydrates similar/different from proteins and lipids?
18. What is formed through the dehydration synthesis of 2 monosaccharides?
19. What is formed from the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?
1.8 Lipids
20. What are the subunits (or building blocks) of fats or lipids? Study 1.