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CSIS RepoRtConsolidating
PeaCe in sudan
an action strategy
a Report of the Csis Post-Conflict
Reconstruction Project
Author
Karin von Hippel
with
Sinéad Hunt
Project Directors
Frederick Barton
Karin von Hippel
Researchers
Rebecca Linder
Azucena Rodriguez
Viktoria Schmitt
1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On January 9, 2005, the Government of Sudan (GOS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation
Movement/Army (SPLM/A) signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). This
agreement formally ended a long and brutal civil war in Sudan, and represented the final step
in over two years of intensive negotiations since the signing of the Machakos Protocol on
July 20, 2002.
Although the CPA was not a truly national agreement as it did not include the marginalized
areas—especially Darfur and the East—the CPA represented an historic step in Sudan’s
history. The peace agreement defined a six-year transition period, which will culminate in a
referendum on self-determination for southern Sudan. Throughout this timeframe, the role
of the international community in Sudan will be essential to the implementation of an
inclusive peace, especially in the initial reconstruction period when trust needs to be built
between all parties. A signed agreement and stated good will are not sufficient to ensure
lasting peace in a country that has been locked in war for 40 of the last 50 years.
In the year since the CPA was signed, many developments—both positive and negative—
have taken place in Sudan. A number of excellent reports have also been published on
Sudan in recent months.1 Consolidating Peace in Sudan should complement these efforts by
focusing on three major recommendations for the international community:
1. Ensure that the United Nations and the major donors speak with one voice.
2. Integrate China and India i