Engineering Surveying
This book is dedicated to my late wife Jean and my daughter Zoë
Engineering Surveying
Theory and Examination
Problems for Students
Fifth Edition
W. Schofield
Principal Lecturer, Kingston University
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published 1972
Second edition 1978
Third edition 1984
Fourth edition 1993
Reprinted 1995, 1997, 1998
Fifth edition 2001
© W. Schofield 1972, 1978, 1984, 1993, 1998, 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic
means and whether or not transiently or incidentally
to some other use of this publication) without the
written permission of the copyright holder except in
accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE.
Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission
to reproduce any part of this publication should be
addressed to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Schofield, W. (Wilfred)
Engineering surveying: theory and examination problems for students. – 5th ed.
1 Surveying
I Title
526.9′024624
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Schofield, W. (Wilfred)
Engineering surveying: theory and examination problems for students/W. Schofield. – 5th ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 0 7506 4987 9 (pbk.)
1 Surveying
I Title.
TA545.S263 2001
526.9′024′62–dc21
ISBN 0 7506 4987 9
Typeset in Replika Press Pvt Ltd. 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040, (India)
Printed and bound in Great Britain
Contents
Preface to fifth edition vii
Preface to fourth edition
ix
Acknowledgements xi
1 Basic concepts of surveying 1
Definition – Basic measurements – Control networks –