Carbon
6
Boron (B)← Carbon→ Nitrogen (N)
(None)
↑
C
↓
Silicon (Si)
Periodic table
General
Name, symbol,
number
Carbon, C, 6
Element category
Nonmetal
Group, period, block
14, 2, p
Appearance
Black (Graphite)
Clear (Diamond)
Standard atomic
weight
12.0107 g·mol−1
Electron
configuration
1s2 2s2 2p2 or [He] 2s2 2p2
Electrons per shell
2,4 (Image)
Physical properties
Phase
Solid
Density (near r.t.)
amorphous:[1] 1.8 - 2.1 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)
graphite: 2.267 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)
diamond: 3.515 g·cm−3
Melting point
(1 atm) 3800 (graphite) K
(3527 °C, 6381 °F)
Boiling point
(1 atm) 4300 K
(4027 °C, 7281 °F)
Heat of fusion
117 (graphite) kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity
(25 °C) 8.517(graphite),
6.155(diamond) J·mol−1·K−1
Electronegativity
2.55 (Pauling scale)
1st: 1086.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 2352.6 kJ·mol−1
Ionization energies
(more)
3rd: 4620.5 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius
70 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)
67 pm
Covalent radius
77 pm
Van der Waals radius
170 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering
diamagnetic[2]
Thermal conductivity
(300 K) 119-165 (graphite)
900-2300 (diamond) W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion
(25 °C) 0.8 (diamond) [3]
µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin
rod)
(20 °C) 18350 (diamond) m/s
Young’s modulus
1050 (diamond) [3] GPa
Shear modulus
478 (diamond) [3] GPa
Bulk modulus
442 (diamond) [3] GPa
Poisson ratio
0.1 (diamond) [3]
Mohs hardness
1-2 (Graphite)
10 (Diamond)
CAS registry number
7440-44-0
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of Carbon
iso
NA
half-life
DM
DE (MeV)
DP
15
12C
98.9%
12C is stable with 6 neutrons
13C
1.1%
13C is stable with 7 neutrons
14C
trace
5730 y
beta-
0.156
14N
References
Carbon (pronounced /ˈkɑrbən/) is the chemical element
with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of
group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tet-
ravalent—making four electrons available to form cova-
lent chemical bonds. There are three naturally occurring
isotopes, with 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is ra-
dioactive, decaying with a half-life of about 5730
years.[4] Carbon is one of the few elements