Opinions expressed in this News Alert do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission
To cite this article/service: "Science for Environment Policy": European Commission DG Environment News Alert Service, edited by
SCU, The University of the West of England, Bristol.
12 November 2008
1
European Commission DG ENV
News Alert Issue 129
November 2008
Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) use up to two-thirds less energy than standard
incandescent bulbs. But CFLs contain mercury, a neurotoxin that can cause serious health
problems. A global study calls for a strategic policy to address the risks associated with mercury
emissions from CFLs.
Exposure to high levels of mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys and developing foetus.
Combustion of coal for electric power generation is the largest source of atmospheric mercury pollution. Switching
from standard incandescent bulbs to energy-saving CFLs can reduce energy demand from such power plants and
consequently lead to a reduction in mercury emissions. However, CFLs themselves contain small amounts of
mercury that can be emitted when they break.
CFLs are typically disposed of along with general household waste. However, if they are not recycled properly, up to
25 per cent of the mercury contained in CFLs could be released into the atmosphere. This can occur via three
routes: bulb breakage during transport, vaporisation during incineration and evaporation from landfills. A proposed
EU-wide ban1 on incandescent light bulbs in 2010 would increase the use of CFLs and add urgency to the need to
encourage appropriate recycling of these bulbs.
A study of over 130 countries revealed that the rate of recycling of CFLs is low in Mexico, South Africa, Canada and
Japan, where less than 10 per cent are recycled. In the US, 20 per cent of CFLs are recycled. Taiwan has the
highest rates of CFL recycling, with 87 per cent recycled thanks to a compulsory programme. For the EU, the study
reports a