International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) Volume 5 Issue 6, September-October 2021 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47525 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 906 Analysis and Design of Box Underpass Bridge Using Software Piyush Tiwari 1 , Abhay Kumar Jha 2 , Barun Kumar 3 1Research Scholar, 2Professor, 3Assistant Professor, 1, 2, 3Department of Civil Engineering, LNCT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT In the last few decades, there has been an enormous increase in traffic volume on highways due to population growth and rapid urbanization. To maintain traffic flow, numerous new highways and flyovers have been built. As part of the modern world, bridge construction has come to be considered of international importance. It provides passage over obstructions without closing off the path below. Recent technological advancements have made conventional bridges obsolete. Innovative and cost-effective structural systems have replaced conventional bridges. These days, box type bridges are becoming more popular in modern highway systems, including urban interchanges, because of their efficient dispersal of congested traffic, their economic considerations, and their aesthetic appeal. The structures have many advantages that are useful in freeway and bridge construction, including structural efficiency, serviceability. KEYWORDS: freeway, box type, aesthetic, Innovative, efficiency, serviceability, traffic How to cite this paper: Piyush Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Analysis and Design of Box Underpass Bridge Using Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6, October 2021, pp.906-909, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47525.pdf Copyright © 2021 by author (s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION: The Underpass RCC Bridge has become popular for moving traffic after it had rarely been used in bridge construction. In some cases, they are built to allow animals to cross the road. It's India's first underpass designed specifically for wild animals, connecting two famous national parks - Kanha and Pench (NH44) - and contributing significantly to the long- term sustainability of tiger populations in the central Indian landscape. These days, box type bridges are becoming more popular in modern highway systems, including urban interchanges, because of their efficient dispersal of congested traffic, their economic considerations, and their aesthetic appeal. The structures have many advantages that are useful in freeway and bridge construction, including structural efficiency, serviceability, improved stability, aesthetics, and economics. At the intersection of the expressway, the Project, and all state highways and district roads, underpasses and overpasses shall be provided for vehicular traffic. In addition to the Project Expressway, under/over passes must also be provided across other roadway categories that cannot be terminated and must continue across the expressway. Patel and Jamle (2019) Researched the analysis and design of box culverts using the manual approach. In this study, the design parameters of box culverts are considered, including earth pressure effect, the depth of cushion at the top slab, braking force, impact load, live load, dispersion of loads through tracked or wheeled vehicles, effective width, and so on. The objective of this work is to analyse culverts with and without cushions to obtain bending moments and shear forces with and without culvert cushions under different types of IRC loading conditions. The paper provides a detailed discussion of the provisions and justifications provided by Indian Standards while considering their design implications. Khan and Mandloi (2020) The study focused on analysing and designing pre cast boxes for underbridge and bridge road applications. It was done using Staad Pro. The paper explains the Box Pushing Method of building a road under a bridge or a subway tunnel. It is normal for traffic to continue overhead during this time, oblivious to the construction beneath. A cycle's inherent ease, effortlessness and economy, as well as its inalienable wellbeing, make it IJTSRD47525 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47525 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 907 a valuable tool for a practicing structural designer. By means of this report, we intend to give a more in- depth understanding of the container pushing cycle to the perused, and then give a couple of considerations and rules for engineers to help plan an undertaking that can be made using the container pushing strategy. Pushing boxes under rails or streams is a familiar method for designing ducts or passageways to accommodate street or rail traffic under rail banks. Chaithra U et al. (2021) Discussion on "Parametric Study on Single Cell Box Culvert Design Considerations" and the fact that box culverts are a cost-effective alternative to bridges and an important part of transportation networks. The stiffness matrix method is used in this paper to analyse box culverts. Assume discrete boundary conditions for box OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY 1. The goal of this study is to determine which load combinations produce the worst damage to a structure. 2. To examine the behaviour of box culverts without cushion loads. 3. The economic effect of thickness of haunches in box culverts. 4. Using STAAD pro, analyse RCC box bridges. 5. Designs all structural elements of the box bridge. 6. To check safety of bridge. FORMULATION Box structures typically have clear spans of 7m and slab thicknesses of 0.55m, and the slab is fixed supported. Various loads are simulated by STAAD-Pro. Furthermore, the results were analysed by STAAD-Pro which passes through different loads conditions in terms of shear, bending moments, axial forces, and deflection. This resulted in the maximum design moment. Table 1. Dimensions of structure S. no Type of Member Dimensions or nos. 1. Top Slab 8000 mm x 21250 mm x 500 mm 2. Bottom Slab 8000 mm x 21250 mm x 550 mm 3. Outer Wall 500 mm x 21250 mm x 5000 mm Model generation and analysis Features of this Software Methodology We have adopted the following methodology to achieve the objectives mentioned above: 1. Review historical and contemporary literature pertaining to bridge structures of the box type (Underpass Bridge). 2. Materials are evaluated according to engineering properties (such as modulus of elasticity, poisons ratio, tensile strength etc.). 3. Structure modeling and Analysis are completed using the STAAD-Pro V8i software. 4. The geometrical box and the size of the elements are chosen in such a way as to ensure optimal accuracy in the analysis. 5. Specifying the thickness (top slab, side walls, bottom slab) and material properties. 6. The bottom slab has now been provided with spring support. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47525 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 908 Maximum Bending Moment Maximum Bending Moment RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Partial safety factor for verification of structural strength (Basic combination) LC-23 to 52 Moment for Top Slab CONCLUSIONS From the results obtained and graphs drawn for various loading variations it can be concluded that:
shear stress at a reference point vary with the variation in position of loads along the longitudinal edge.
Absolute maximum total deformation (moment) first increases with variation in position of from edge to 3.75 m from RHS and then decreases from 4.5 m to edge from RHS.
Total deformation, shear stress at a reference point decreases with the reduction in size of box structure.
Absolute maximum values of Bending Moment occur at center and Maximum Shear force occur at the support of the beam. REFERENCES – [1] Amita H. Bhujade. “Design of RCC box culvert with cushion and without cushion” Journal of Interdisciplinary Cycle Research, May/2020, ISSN NO: 0022-1945. [2] Chaithra U, Chandrakant Jadekar, Channaveeresha Havanagi, and Charankumar Kamble(2021) “parametric study on single cell box culvert design considerations-a review”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Volume 9, Issue 1, 2021, ISSN: 2278-0181. [3] Dr. Abdul-Hassan K. Al. Shukur, Dr. Mohammed Abbas Al. Jumaili and Hawraa Ali Hussein(2014). “Optimal Deisgn of Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert by using Genetic Algorithms Method” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014, ISSN 2229-5518. [4] IRC 112:2011 Code of Practice for Concrete Road Bridges [5] IRC 5: 2015 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section I (General Features of Design) (Seventh Revision). [6] IRC 6:2017 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice for Road Bridges, Section II –Loads and Stresses (Fourth Revision) [7] Ishaan Pandey (2017), ” analysis of box culvert with and without haunches” May-2017, International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD47525 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2021 Page 909 International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. [8] Lande Abhijeet Chandrakant & Patil Vidya Malgonda (2014). “Finite element analysis of box culvert” International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science, Volume No. 02, Issue No. 06, June 2014, ISSN (online): 2348 – 7550. [9] Mohankar. R. H&Ronghe. G. N (2010) “Analysis and Design of Underpass RCC Bridge”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Volume 1, No 3, 2010, ISSN 0976 – 4399. [10] Mulesh K. Pathak. (2014). “Performance of RCC Box Type Superstructure in Curved Bridges” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014, ISSN 2229-5518. [11] N. KrishnaRaju Design of Bridges (IRC:6- 2014)/(IRC:22-2015), (IRC;24- 2001)/(IRC;112-2011)Fifth Edition, Oxford& IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. [12] NaurajAlam(2018). “Finite Element Analysis of Slab & Box Culvert under Heavy Traffic Loading using SAP-2000”, (IJSRD)International Journal for Scientific Research & Development|, Vol. 6, Issue 08, 2018 | ISSN: 2321-0613. [13] NehaKolate. (2014). “Analysis and Design of RCC Box Culvert”, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014ISSN 2229-5518. [14] NisargModi(2017). ” Design Consideration of Underpass type of Bridge Structure as per Indian Standard” International Journal of Technical Innovationin Modern Engineering& Science (IJTIMES), e-ISSN: 2455-2584, Volume 3, Issue 06, June-2017. [15] Oriz Khan(2020). “Analysis and Design of Pre Cast Box for Road under Bridge and Road Over Bridge by using Staad Pro”, International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), Volume 4 Issue 6, September-October 2020, ISSN: 2456 – 6470.