Electric Power Network Tutorial:
Basic Steady State & Dynamic
Models for Control, Pricing
and Optimization
Christopher DeMarco
Electrical and Computer Engineering
& Power Systems Engineering Research Center
www.pserc.org
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Madison, WI 53706
(608) 262-5546
demarco@engr.wisc.edu
IMA Tutorial: Electric Power Grids
Minneapolis, MN, March 7, 2004
C. L. DeMarco, University of Wisconsin-Madison; page 2
Components of my talk:
* Evangelism: for an audience likely
focused on mathematical problems in
communications networks, show what
makes electric power networks different,
and (hopefully) what makes them
interesting.
* Start with some "fun facts" - just general
nature of technology involved,
(opinionated) overview of nature of
industry.
* Move on to mathematical modeling -
construct underlying dynamics,
associated equilibrium for steady state.
IMA Tutorial: Electric Power Grids
Minneapolis, MN, March 7, 2004
C. L. DeMarco, University of Wisconsin-Madison; page 3
Highlight:
- state equations associated with nodes;
- role of network structure;
- peculiar coordinate system used in
dynamics and steady state;
- policy/control decisions available;
- market driven control & pricing.
IMA Tutorial: Electric Power Grids
Minneapolis, MN, March 7, 2004
C. L. DeMarco, University of Wisconsin-Madison; page 4
Old Assumptions under Regulated or State
Monopoly
* Ever increasing economies of scale for
central generation plants - lowest
production cost associated with central
generating plants of increasing size.
These economies of scale (historically)
justified "natural monopoly" for
generation.
* Parallel independent transmission and
distribution firms seen as highly
inefficient. Long historic trend toward
single interconnected synchronous grid
covering large geographic area. Again,
natural monopoly.
IMA Tutorial: Electric Power Grids
Minneapolis, MN, March 7, 2004
C. L. DeMarco, University of Wisconsin-Madison; page 5
What has Changed?
i) Public perception of significant mis-steps
in generation invest