Structured Query Language
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• SQL is a database computer language designed for the retrieval and
management of data in relational database. SQL stands for
Structured Query Language.
• SQL- Structured Query Language is a special-purpose programming
language designed for managing data held in a relational database
management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a
relational data stream management system (RDSMS).
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• SQL is used to communicate with a database. According to ANSI
(American National Standards Institute), it is the standard language
for relational database management systems.
• SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a
database, or retrieve data from a database. Some common
relational database management systems that use SQL are: Oracle,
Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access, Ingres, etc.
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• SQL was one of the first commercial languages for Code’s relational
model, as described in his influential 1970 paper, “A Relational
Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks.”.
• Despite not entirely adhering to the relational model as described
by Codd, it became the most widely used database language.
•
The standard SQL commands such as “Select”, “Insert”, “Update”,
“Delete”, “Create”, and “Drop” can be used to accomplish almost
everything that one needs to do with a database.
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• This tutorial will provide you with the instruction on the basics of
each of these commands as well as allow you to put them to
practice using the SQL Interpreter.
• A database most often contains one or more tables. Each table is
identified by a name (e.g. “Customers” or “Orders”). Tables contain
records (rows) with data.
•
In this tutorial we will use the well-known North wind sample
database (included in MS Access and MS SQL Server).
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• For example, to display data from database, select command is
used,
• SELECT * FROM Customers;
• The most