Braces and Splints
for Musculoskeletal Conditions
JOCELYN R. GRAVLEE, M.D., University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
DANIEL J. VAN DURME, M.D., Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
F
amily physicians often must make
decisions regarding the use of braces
or splints in the management of
musculoskeletal disorders. Bracing
can be useful for acute injuries, and also for
chronic conditions and in the prevention of
injury. The purpose of braces and splints is
to improve physical function, slow disease
progression, and diminish pain. They can
be used to immobilize an unstable joint
or fracture, to unload a portion of a joint
and improve pain and function, to elimi-
nate range of motion in one direction, or
to modify range of motion in one or more
directions. They do not replace a good reha-
bilitative program, and the entire spectrum
of treatment options should be explored and
used as needed.
Accurate diagnosis of the injury is impor-
tant in determining whether a brace or
splint is indicated. Generally, splints are
for short-term use. Excessive, continuous
use of a brace or splint can lead to chronic
pain and stiffness of a joint or to muscle
weakness. However, long-term use of some
braces, such as a knee unloader brace, can
help prevent progression of pain attribut-
able to osteoarthritis of the knee.
Given the limited evidence on the use of
braces and splints, it is particularly impor-
tant to use a patient-centered approach,
with consideration for individual patient’s
expectations and concerns and an under-
standing of the nature of their activity. For
example, for high school and collegiate
athletes, there are specific rules on the types
of protective equipment, splints, and braces
that may be worn during competition.1
Close follow-up after bracing or splinting is
essential to ensure proper fit and use.
The most common types of braces and
splints used in primary care and the quality
of evidence to support current recommenda-
tions