SEVENTH EDITION
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
AND CIRCUIT THEORY
ROBERT BOYLESTAD
LOUIS NASHELSKY
PRENTICE HALL
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
Columbus, Ohio
Contents
v
PREFACE
xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
xvii
1 SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES
1
1.1
Introduction 1
1.2
Ideal Diode 1
1.3
Semiconductor Materials 3
1.4
Energy Levels 6
1.5
Extrinsic Materials—n- and p-Type 7
1.6
Semiconductor Diode 10
1.7
Resistance Levels 17
1.8
Diode Equivalent Circuits 24
1.9
Diode Specification Sheets 27
1.10
Transition and Diffusion Capacitance 31
1.11
Reverse Recovery Time 32
1.12
Semiconductor Diode Notation 32
1.13
Diode Testing 33
1.14
Zener Diodes 35
1.15
Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) 38
1.16
Diode Arrays—Integrated Circuits 42
1.17
PSpice Windows 43
2 DIODE APPLICATIONS
51
2.1
Introduction 51
2.2
Load-Line Analysis 52
2.3
Diode Approximations 57
2.4
Series Diode Configurations with DC Inputs 59
2.5
Parallel and Series-Parallel Configurations 64
2.6
AND/OR Gates 67
2.7
Sinusoidal Inputs; Half-Wave Rectification 69
2.8
Full-Wave Rectification 72
2.9
Clippers 76
2.10
Clampers 83
2.11
Zener Diodes 87
2.12
Voltage-Multiplier Circuits 94
2.13
PSpice Windows 97
3 BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS
112
3.1
Introduction 112
3.2
Transistor Construction 113
3.3
Transistor Operation 113
3.4
Common-Base Configuration 115
3.5
Transistor Amplifying Action 119
3.6
Common-Emitter Configuration 120
3.7
Common-Collector Configuration 127
3.8
Limits of Operation 128
3.9
Transistor Specification Sheet 130
3.10
Transistor Testing 134
3.11
Transistor Casing and Terminal Identification 136
3.12
PSpice Windows 138
4 DC BIASING—BJTS
143
4.1
Introduction 143
4.2
Operating Point 144
4.3
Fixed-Bias Circuit 146
4.4
Emitter-Stabilized Bias Circuit 153
4.5
Voltage-Divider Bias 157
4.6
DC Bias with Voltage Feedback 165
4.7
Miscellaneous Bias Configurations 168
4.8
Design Operations 174
4.9
Transistor Switching Networks 180
4.10
Troubleshooting Techniques 185
4.11
PNP Transistors 188
4.12
Bias Stabilization 190
4.13
PSpice Windows 199
5 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS
211
5.1
Introduction 211
5.2
Co