How to Use the Harvard Style
of Referencing
Norman Creaney
Referencing - how, what, why?
In scientific and
technical report writing
you will often want to
refer to other work that
is somehow related to
your own.
Failure to properly
acknowledge your
sources may leave you
open to accusations of
plagiarism.
There are a number of ways of
referencing other people’s work, but
they all share some features.
A citation is inserted at the
appropriate point in your text to
indicate the existence of related
work.
A full reference is given
separately for each citation, to
enable the reader to trace the
corresponding work.
Harvard - how, what, why?
The Harvard
Referencing System
is an agreed
standard.
It ensures that
references are clear
and unambiguous.
There are other
standards but
Harvard is widely
used.
Main Text
Google's search engine uses the concept of PageRank
(Brin, S., Page, L. 1998) to assign a value to each
individual web page. This enables it to identify the most
important pages that match a user's query.
... ...
Reference List
Brin, S. & Page, L., 1998. The Anatomy of a Large-Scale
Hypertextual Web Search Engine. In: Seventh
International conference on World-Wide Web (WWW
1998), April 14-18, 1998, Brisbane, Australia.
... ...
How to Reference a Book
Author's surname followed by a comma.
Author's initials in capitals, with full-stop after each - and a final comma.
Year of publication followed by full-stop.
Full title of book in italics with capitalization of first word and proper
nouns only - followed by full-stop unless there is a sub-title - follow by full-
stop.
Edition number followed by the abbreviation "ed." - followed by full-stop.
Place of publication: Town or city, follow by colon.
Publisher - company name followed by full-stop.
Russell, D.E. & Norvig, P., 2009. Artificial Intelligence: a modern
approach , 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall.
How to Reference a Journal Article
Author's surname followed by a comma.
Author's initials in capitals, with full-stop after each - a