2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
1
Chapter 1 Lesson 3
Hardware Elements in the
Embedded Systems
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
2
Typical Embedded System Hardware units
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
3
Basic Circuit Elements at the System
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
4
(i) Power Source
1. System own supply with separate
supply rails for IOs, clock, basic
processor and memory and analog
units, or
2. Supply from a system to which the
embedded system interfaces, for
example in a network card, or
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
5
(i) Power Source (contd.)
3. Charge pump concept used in a
system of little power needs, for
examples, in the mouse or contact-less
smart card.
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
6
Power Dissipation Management
1. Clever real-time programming by
Wait and Stop instructions
2. Clever reduction of the clock rate
during specific set of instructions
3. Optimizing the codes and
4. Clever enabling and disabling of use
of caches or cache blocks
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
7
(ii) Clock Oscillator Circuit and Clocking
Units
1. Appropriate clock oscillator
circuit
2. Real Time Clock*( System Clock)
and Timers driving hardware and
software
* RTC
2008
Chapter-1L03: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
8
(iii) Reset Circuit
1. Reset on Power-up
2. External and