Costs of CO2 pipeline transport
for Dynamis case studies
European Conference on CCS Research,
Development and Demonstration
February 2009
Ecofys Netherlands
Erika de Visser
Chris Hendriks
Contents
I.
Scope of the work
II.
Pipeline costing
•
Experience with CO2 pipelines
•
Economics of pipelines
•
Focus on material cost
III. DYNAMIS recommended plant sites
•
Route selection
•
Cost calculation
Scope of the work
SP3 work focuses on infrastructure for CO2
– DYNAMIS CO2 quality recommendation
– Routing and costing of CO2 pipelines
A
C
D
B
CO2 quality recommendations
Compound Concentration limit
Remarks
H2 S
200 ppm
Health and safety considerations
CO
2000 ppm
Health and safety considerations
SOx
100 ppm
Health and safety considerations
NOx
100 ppm
Health and safety considerations
H2 O
500 ppm
Technical limit
O2
Aquifer <4 vol% (all non
cond. gases), EOR >100 ppm
Technical limit; storage issue
CH4
Aquifer < 4 vol%, EOR <2
vol% (all non cond. gases)
Like ENCAP
N2 , Ar, H2
<4 vol% (all non cond.
gases)
Like ENCAP
CO2
> 95%
Result of other compounds in CO2
Experience with CO2 pipelines
• Experience with the transportation of CO2 in pipelines:
– Ca. 3100 km CO2 pipelines using naturally occurring CO2 for EOR in USA
– With a capacity of 44 Mt/yr
• But CCS projects differ, because:
– The CO2 is from anthropogenic origin, the quality of the CO2 differs
– Both long distance onshore and offshore pipelines
• Gas and oil pipelines estimates give good indications of CO2 pipeline costs
– With the remark that CO2 pipeline costs can be higher due to higher operating
pressures and thicker pipeline walls
CO2 and transport characteristics
• CO2 characteristics:
– Dense phase -> to increase density and reduce cost
– Recommended CO2 purity -> >95% (Dynamis SP3.1)
• Pipeline transport characteristics:
– Continuous flow
– Cheaper at shorter distances (compared to ship)
• Possible (re)use of existing pipelines
OCAP pipeline
• Currently:
– 44 kg/s
– Gaseous, at 22 bars
– No (additional) permits
required
– Risk assessment perfor