The
Law
Of
Contract
(Study Notes)
Zoha Sirhindi, Esq.
LL.M. (Cornell), Attorney of NYS Bar Association
LL.B. (London), Barrister of Lincoln’s Inn
The Analytical Framework of Contract Law
Part I – How are contracts formed?...................................................................Page 1
- Invitations to treat
- Offers
- Acceptance
- Consideration
- Intention to create legal relations
- Certainty and completeness
- Form
Part II – What is the content of contracts?........................................................Page 6
- Terms and representations
- Parol evidence rule
- Conditions / Warranties / Innominate Terms
- Exclusion clauses
- UCTA 1979 and UTCCR 1999
Part III – Who can enforce contracts?................................................................Page 13
- Rules of privity
- Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
- Exceptions to the Privity Doctrine
Part IV – How are contracts destroyed?.............................................................Page 17
- Incapacity
- Misrepresentation
- Mistake
- Illegality
- Duress and Undue Influence
Part V – How do contracts come to an end
and what are their consequences?.......................................................Page 23
- Discharge by Performance
- Discharge by Breach
- Discharge by Agreement
- Discharge by Frustration
- Damages
- Other remedies
- Law of Restitution
- Deposits and Part Payments
- Extinction of remedies
THE LAW OF OBLIGATIONS
Contract
(the law of ‘promises’ or
‘expectations’)
Tort
(the law of ‘civil wrongs’)
Restitution
(the law of ‘unjust
enrichment’)
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Part I - Formation of Contracts
A contract may be defined simply as a legally binding agreement. Alternativ