“CHEMISTRY GUESS SHORT QUESTIONS” “INTERMEDIATE PART 2” ● What is lanthanide contraction? ● Write two differences of Be with its family members ● Name various classes of hydrides. ● Why does metallic character increase from top to bottom in a group of metals? ● Alkali metals give ionic hydrides. Why? ● Give four uses of nitric acid. ● Oxidation state usually remains the same in a group. Why? ● Give any two similarities and two differences of hydrogen with the IVA group. ● Why 2% gypsum added to cement? ● Give reaction of P2O5 with cold and hot water ● The aqueous solution of borax is alkaline. Give a reason. (2) ● What is carbonization? ● Explain the structure of CO2. ● Write carbon content in pig iron and wrought iron. ● Write two uses of sodium silicate. (2) ● How can borax be prepared from colemanite? Give equation ● Write names and formulas of oxyacids of nitrogen. ● What is iodized salt? ● Write any two uses of Krypton. ● What are Freons and Teflon? ● Describe two uses of helium. ● Why does the solubility of noble gases increase down the group? ● Why do the elements of group VIA other than oxygen show more than two oxidation states? ● Write down two chemical equations that show that H2SO4 is a dehydrating agent. ● Describe chromyl chloride test for chloride radical. Also, write the chemical equation in support of your answer. (2) ● How has the octane number of gasoline been improved? Explain with examples. ● What are aromatic compounds? Explain with examples. ● Explain Markownikov’s rule with suitable examples. (2) ● Convert ethyne into acetaldehyde. ● Convert acetaldehyde into lactic acid. ● Give mechanism of nitration of benzene. ● Give reaction of benzene with ozone. ● What are alicyclic compounds? Give two examples. ● What are heterocyclic compounds? ● What is leaving group and substrate? ● Give reaction of Grignard’s reagent with CO2 followed by hydrolysis in acid medium. ● Give the mechanism of the SN1 reaction. ● Convert acetone into ethyl alcohol. ● Prepare acetone from calcium acetate. ● Write four uses of ethyl alcohol. ● How primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols are identified? ● Water has a higher boiling point than ethanol. Explain. ● What is chemical oxygen demand? (2) ● Explain purification of water by use of the coagulating agent. ● Define sacrificial corrosion. ● Write the reaction of phenylhydrazine with acetaldehyde and acetone. ● What is Fehling’s solution test to identify the aldehyde? ● Write the functional group of aldehyde and ketone, give one example of each. ● Write the formula of glycine and alanine. ● How cis and trans alkalis are produced? Give reactions. ● How amino acid is prepared by the Strecker method? ● Define a saponification number. Give an example. (2) ● What is the difference between DNA and RNA? ● Define iodine number. ● Why does iodine have a metallic lustre? ● What reaction takes place in the decomposition zone during manufacturing of cement? ● Which type of wood raw material is used in the paper industry? ● Write two woody and two nonwoody raw materials for paper pulp manufacture. ● How is acetylene converted into benzene? Give an equation. (2) ● Define resonance energy. Give resonance energy of benzene. ● How is benzene converted into maleic acid by catalytic oxidation? ● How will you prepare diethyl amine from C2H5Br? ● How will you distinguish between methanol and ethanol by one test? ● Why is phenol acidic in nature? ● Write structure of cholesterol. ● What is peptide bond? Write the formula of a dipeptide. ● What are macronutrients? ● What is the role of chlorofluorocarbons in destroying ozone? ● Write names of components of the environment. ● What is depolymerization of carbon? Where is it used? ● Describe preparation of formalin on a commercial scale from methyl alcohol. ● Tollen’s test is also called the silver mirror test. Justify it. ● Define neutral amino acids with an example. ● How is carboxylic acid converted into a-amino acids? ● Define with example condensation of polymerization. ● What do you mean by rancidity of oils and fats? Why does it occur? (2) ● What is the need for fertilizers? ● What do you mean by prilling of urea