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Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 1 Table Of Contents Springing Forward 2 Epson’s Newest Network Scanner: The DS-790WN 3 Early Birds – Ready for Your Worm? 7 Putting AI Into Capture: Singularity 8 Global Distributed Scanner Market Recovers in 2021 11 Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 2 Springing Forward Can we please just end this mindless “leap ahead/fall behind” bi-annual annoyance! On the other hand, it does provide a good crutch for coming up with titles this week. We blinked and we’re already nearly a quarter of the way through the year – the threat of COVID is still hovering over everything, there’s a war in Europe, in□ation is a growing concern, and, at this rate, an asteroid is probably on a collision course with Earth ( on Net□ix is good, I’ve heard). Don’t Look Up But it is spring and hope, er, springs eternal. Companies like Singularity, Reveille (more on them next issue), and Epson continue to improve their respective products. We’re planning a fantastic Conference for everyone in September (7&8). We’re also brainstorming ideas for improving DIR – and your thoughts are always welcome. Good things are coming, so long as we keep working for them. Thanks for reading. Bryant Duhon Editor-in-Chief, Document Imaging Report bdu@info-source.com Comments, criticisms, and witticisms welcomed. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 3 Epson’s Newest Network Scanner: The DS- 790WN Epson continues to expand its scanner lineup with the 790 in response to the growing demand for network scanners. We spoke with Greg Newcomb, Associate Product Manager, who’s been with Epson for over 20 years and spoke with evident pride about the company’s newest product. The 790 replaces and upgrades the 780, which is Newcomb noted that the 780, launched in 2017, was the beginning of a shift for Epson into network scanning. Prior to the 780, networking was an option, not built in. The 790 adds more built-in networking functionality to Epson’s lineup. Final sales of the 780 are currently underway as it is phased out. The 790 □ts in the high-end of Epson’s “Networked” lineup of scanners, between Desktop and Workgroup/High Speed (Epson also offers compact, □atbed, and photo scanners). Fujitsu and Kodak Alaris aren’t the only manufacturers with great timing on the launch of their network scanners over the past two years, Epson’s 790 will also be a bene□ciary of the ongoing shift to more distributed workforces accelerated by the pandemic. [This is somewhat re□ected in □nal scanner numbers for 2021 on page 11] Newcomb focused on the versatility of new scanner as a □t in both enterprises as well as being robust enough for a small business. Newcomb pointed out that two years ago, companies were focused on just keeping businesses operational and a “mad rush” to get equipment to home users. That’s evolved as everyone continues to adjust to the new reality. Says Newcomb, “They have begun to buy equipment again, scanners like this. Not only for use in of□ces, but also for distributing to workers, who are going to be remote, either all the time or part of the time. I think you'll start seeing more frequently that when someone joins a company, they’ll get their laptop but also be issued a printer, scanner, or all-in-one device.” Of course, those devices are going to need to be easy to use and con□gure to reduce the need for IT support. Newcombe says it was almost like “destiny” that Epson was designing this product when it would be a really good □t for the market. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 4 The Competition The DS-790WN: What’s New One of my favorite expressions is that “it’s better to be lucky than good.” When you’re both good and have lucky timing . . . things tend to go your way. In conversations with both Fujitsu (coming soon) and Kodak Alaris (DIR December 9, 2011; page 11) about their network scanners, both also mentioned the silver lining the pandemic held for their network scanner releases. Newcomb named Brother ADS-3600W, Canon DR-S150, and Fujitsu □- 7300NX as competitors for this new scanner. I asked why Kodak Alaris wasn’t included as a network scanning competitor. He said that they were looking at similar price and feature sets, particularly hybrid connectivity of wireless price point. The Epson scanner has what Newcomb calls “hybrid connectivity” and can scan to two locations “with or without software.” The Kodak Alaris INfuse is, of course, essentially a large paperweight unless connected to a network. Epson has a persona created for their targeted customer, an IT of□ce manager who is looking for dependability, ease of use (and management), and versatility. The name is funny (at least in my opinion), but con□dential. “We think we stack up well against the competition and that the 790 is versatile enough to □t within an enterprise-level environment to a small business environment, where they might use wireless rather than LAN,” says Newcomb. In direct competition, it’s a “nice kind of middle of the road between Fujitsu’s ScanSnap iX1600 and □-7300. It’s more expensive than the 1600, but you get a lot more scanner. Compared to the 7300, the price for the 790 is lower; with still robust features and a little more versatility in sending scans to different locations (cloud and USB).” The 790 is also compatible with Mac OS and Windows, the 7300 is only Windows. Like most updates, the 790 is an improved version of the 780. The biggest improvements: Larger touchscreen with more features – an obvious need on all network-capable scanners Higher duty cycle – 7,000 pages (from 5,000) Wireless functionality Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 5 The 780 scanner could scan to a network folder or email address (up to 12 locations could be set up) without software through a LAN connection. The 790 expands the number of connections with a USB port – so you can scan directly to a memory device. Advanced Scan-To Functionality. Newcomb says that the ability to scan to multiple locations without software and □exible set-up increases the environments the 790 can be a □t for. Con□guration can be done at the device through the LCD screen or over the network by a device admin or via Epson’s app. The Smart Panel mobile app is designed to support Epson’s wireless scanners and printers. It allows users to operate connected devices from their phones. Without going into further detail, it looks much of a muchness with similar apps from other hardware manufacturers. This is a nice productivity boost for users. Newcomb noted that the 2.3-inch touchscreen on the 780 was a nice selling point. Much like with TVs, we’ll continue to see touchscreens grow larger, especially for network scanners. So increased screen size is expected. The ability to customize scan jobs by color for quick identi□cation is a nice addition. Newcomb says this allows users in a shared environment to know that their job is the “green” or “red” icon. Push the button and go. The 4.3-inch Touchscreen. The screen icons can be even more speci□c – a building, for example – to make it even more obvious and intuitive for users to make the right scanning choice. As a software vendor in the military space Newcomb worked with put it once, “We want to make it simple enough that a Lieutenant could use it.” Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 6 As mentioned above, the USB port can be used to scan directly to memory from the 790 interface without any software installed. The other function is to “host a third-party reader for network authentication.” Epson’s Document Capture Pro Server Authentication Edition (a holdover from the 780) helps with device security. Access to jobs on the 790s display can be limited based on a user’s credentials after they log in via the touch screen or third-party card reader. The USB Port – Two Functions. Given ongoing cybersecurity issues, I asked if this is becoming a selling point with customers. Newcomb says that this authentication ability was also a feature of the 780. Epson pushed it hard in 2018 to not much effect (a similar story I’ve heard in other IT contexts around security features versus interest – even when needed). He said they thought that controlling access to scanners as well as preventing documents from being routed incorrectly would be a selling point. As this functionality has been added to more scanners in the market, Newcomb is looking forward to seeing if “it’s a ‘second time is the charm’ situation” for this as a selling point. He did say that he’s beginning to see a little more interest in this security side of scanning. Newcomb thinks there’s some excuse for this previous lack of interest in control because the concept of shared/networked scanners is still relatively new. We’ve been using shared printers in a central location for decades (security-minded businesses use authentication and access control to control who can print what where). With scanning, people have mostly just wanted to scan to a network folder where the document will be picked up by a work□ow or an ECM repository. People are starting to get more sophisticated in how they use network scanners. “Now you’re routing documents to and from a shared environment, but also to people working at home. Now that’s happening, we need a little more sophistication and control since we’re not dropping everything in one location.” I often grow impatient at organizations’ lack of commitment to securing documents/information. Newcomb made a good point that everyone’s still jumping around about the cloud but that anyone could have moved to the cloud years ago. It takes time. Given that system administrators still leave default passwords in place, expecting security to move the needle could just be wishful thinking. He reported that other parts of the word, particularly banking and □nancial institutions in Asia, have been interested in this level of control going back to the introduction of the 780. Not only restricting who can scan and where they can send it, but also knowing who scanned a particular □le, “if a document gets sent to the wrong location, you’ll know who did it.” This is at the document level, not just by batch. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 7 Security and Control: Side Pandemic Benefit Future Improvement? In cloud times, it’s always good to look for silver linings. One side bene□t of the app and the card reader is that there is less interaction with the hardware device – fewer □ngerprints and less germs equal a healthier of□ce environment (even if we were just worried about the □u). With the app, there’s obviously no reason to use the touch screen. Using the card reader also reduces the number of times needed to touch the screen menu to get to the right scanning job. Epson has device admin software with the expected functionality – centralized device management, number of pages scanned, tracking consumables – like rollers – for proactive maintenance, etc. Newcomb mentioned that they currently lack the ability to push out driver changes, □rmware upgrades, and the like from this software. They’ve reported back to the engineers in Japan that these are features they’d like to have based on customer requests and what else is in the market. It’s a cliché, but IT hates printers. Maybe the industry can prevent that feeling with network scanners! While easier push updates is on the wish list, Newcomb pointed out that, “The one thing that we do have working very well is on the document capture side; using our software for scan jobs. You can con□gure those jobs and you can share those jobs throughout your □eet very easily.” Early Birds – Ready for Your Worm? If you’re thinking about attending the Infosource Capture Conference 2022 (Sept. 7&8), there’s no better time to begin planning. The agenda has been □nalized, so that’s a great place to begin your planning; . click here for the agenda Registration will be open soon (watch this space, of course) and you can save $200 by registering as an attendee before May 31. Limited sponsorships are available and sponsoring this event is a great way to raise your industry pro□le. Plus, the networking with peers and potential customers is priceless. Interested in sponsorship opportunities or just want to make doubly sure you don’t miss the opening of registration? Contact Erin Dempsey, or (910) 574-6631. She’ll help you with any of your Conference- related questions. ed@info- source.com Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 8 Putting AI Into Capture: Singularity Last issue (DIR February 22, 2022, page 9), I brie□y introduced Yingchao “YZ” Zhang, Ph.D., Singularity’s Head of Global Solutioning. . The SinguAI Platform is three interoperable engines: SinguTXT – NLP process engine SinguIMG – Image process engine SinguPREDICT – Predictive analytics engine Singularity seeks to bring AI to users and is focused on making the platform as easy as possible to use without needing a data scientist or programmer. YZ and I had spoken last fall. Between our conversations, a DIR reader got in touch with Singularity regarding a project with a tremendously complicated form. Only 60% of forms were able to be captured. The reader’s company had had conversations with a few of the leading RPA vendors. They challenged Singularity to accurately capture documents 95%+ of the time. As YZ explained, it took time. He showed me the form and it’s a doozy. However, “it took us a few months, but it also boosted us to the next level of challenge. We pushed ourselves to □gure out how to do this.” The form was incredibly complex . 1,092 total □elds, tons of different variants (e-form print versus paper form; variation in number of □elds for certain parts, complex table structure, length variations due to □exible text area, and more. Not speci□c to this form, but one common variation is checkboxes. They have a different shape and form. For a square, sometimes there’s an X, yes/no, a check mark, etc. Says YZ, “There are lots of tedious, small variations that require software to be written for those variations. We basically, along the way of this project, created two things: Intelligent Data Simulator and AI Path□nder. First, a quick look at how Singularity sees the industry landscape. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 9 YZ pointed out that the success of task automation made the problem of unstructured data even more pronounced. The remaining piece of the puzzle for end-to-end automation is IDP. Says YZ, “The focus in our minds should be here. That's why RPA is shifting to IPA, intelligent process automation. To the credit of the RPA vendors, they are trying to get into IDP but with limited success. One thing we know in this industry is the self- categorization of technologies and specialists in certain areas really gives you a leg up because you think all day and all night about one thing. The bigger vendors don't have the urgency of a start-up, day in and day out struggling to solve these IDP problems.” Going back to YZ’s point about self-categorization, I also suspect there’s a lack of understanding about the complexity of the "document stuff." Ralph Gammon has predicted consolidation among vendors, YZ did as well. Making an additional prediction that two to three IDP front runners will emerge in 2022. Obviously, they want to be one of them. YZ also points to the difference in the semi-structured and unstructured IDP market segment. Singularity thinks that the underpenetrated unstructured segment is poised to grow faster. The following three IDP drivers from Singularity were interesting: □. End to end automation with one vendor is a pipe dream -- Yes, I tend to agree with this, especially in the short to medium time frame □. Customers require point solutions to integrate with existing platforms - - Everyone is furiously working to make this happen □. Rising services costs are giving customers pause, need citizen developers and low code/no code to scale -- I continue to think citizen developers are a potential quagmire, but smarter companies will □gure out how to use them correctly and without governance issues YZ says the technology is catching up to the need. Since 2018, AI “technology has dramatically improved to address unstructured data challenges. Multi-track AI, which layers computer vision, NLP, OCR based on ML, and deep learning to use each piece of functionality as needed. The SinguAI models evolve over time. More data and more variability equal higher accuracy. As mentioned above, the work they did getting the complex form to process with high accuracy lead to improvements in their software. The Next Generation of IDP Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 10 AI Pathfinder Working on the complicated form really pushed the tool. Singularity realized that you need more than 100 data points to accurately train against an extremely complex document because you only have a few examples for each variation. Singularity came up with a data simulator to automatically generate data that's as real as possible - the Intelligent Document Data Simulator. This opens up the possibilities to automate a wider range of smaller volume, complex forms. Singularity has had experiences where they only received □ve samples -- lack of data for training is often a challenge. The IDS is designed to overcome that challenge. When you use simulated data, how accurate is the data? YZ explains the complex document example. They only received 100 forms and ended up not using any of them but created dozens of different variations -- templates for creating data. They varied font size, types, as well as augmentation elements (skew or background noise). There is con□guration to get this set up, but it does speed up training. So if I've got a 6-page form with 50 elements, how long would it take IDS to train? On the complicated form, it took the entire team of □ve a few months to □gure out all of the elements. Now, if we were to repeat the same thing, it would be a few engineers and maybe a week. As with anything, they got better at creating the data variations, testing, etc. YZ says that too many providers have one type of AI and apply it to everything. To understate it, that's not ideal. "Basically, we're not training one model or one set of models," based on what we think, as humans, we should use," says YZ. Instead, it operates like a brain - all of the different AI elements are in the brain and the AI itself chooses the most appropriate tool to use. YZ says they ran older data containing tables (with and without borders, with different content in the tables, etc.) and other elements their software had struggled with. It was "Boom!" with AI Path□nder. For example, computer vision has a hard time with tables across multiple pages -- it gives up. When you combine computer vision and NLP, then the tool begins to be able to tell where tables end. YZ says they can get up to 99% accuracy quickly, which reduces the labor and time-intensive task of checking data for accuracy. Intelligent Data Simulator (IDS) Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 11 Target Industries Europe We brie□y discussed the possibility of this being spun out as a service. While YZ said it's an interesting possibility down the road, that's not currently in their plans. They have use cases identi□ed for oil and gas and expect growth there and in the industries that have traditionally invested in capture functionality - banking, □nance, and insurance; healthcare; logistics/shipping; and HR/contracts. They remain focused in North America. Late this year they expect to grow into EMEA, and they are making headway into Latin America. Singularity is open to partners, and they have formal or informal relationships with many of the bigger players in the market. YZ noted that they've been approached by a few vendors interested in their unstructured content capabilities. YZ can be contacted at email and . LinkedIn Global Distributed Scanner Market Recovers in 2021 2021 was widely predicted as the year for recovery post-COVID. Recently, Infosource announced the Document Management Scanner 2021 data as □nal, so we are now in a position to make our assessment of our industry today and our expectations for the future. Notable history – on the 12 January 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that a novel coronavirus had been identi□ed. Unfortunately for our industry the rest is not quite history. th of The knock-on effects of the pandemic on manufacturing in the Asia-Pac region, the lack of components and the effects on distribution channels have conspired to make trading conditions in our industry the worst they have been since the Global Economic Crisis of 2007. With the publication of the full year 2021 data, we are now able to look in detail at what has happened in our industry over the intervening 2 years. Figure one below shows the relative shipment volumes of DMS scanners within Europe over the period 2019 to 2021. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 12 Figure 1 During 2020 the total volume of DMS shipments declined by 3%, however by the end of 2021 these shipments have fully recovered and since 2019 total shipments of European Distributed scanner has grown by 3.5%. We can therefore safely say that Distributed DMS shipments in Western Europe have more than fully recovered. Fig 2 shows that the situation is Eastern Europe is slightly different. During 2020 the East European market declined by 9%. Although the total East European DMS market grew by 8% during 2021 the total shipments remain lower that in 2019. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 13 The MEA As Fig 2 above shows it was the Workgroup category in Eastern Europe that provided consistent growth in shipments over the period. Here it was Avision that was able to provide a consistent growth in volumes (particularly in Russia) with their Ad-130 model. Prior 2019 the Distributed DMS market in the MEA had shown consistent growth year upon year only faltering in 2016. Fig 3 shows that although no categories of DMS provided consistent growth throughout the period of the pandemic, the Workgroup and Departmental categories have provided the strongest rebound in shipments with both categories exceeding 2019 shipment volumes. During 2021 the total MEA market grew by a remarkable 30% - driven by a highly ef□cient vaccination program that allowed distribution channels to operate at near pre-pandemic levels. Figure 2 A cursory look at the categories shows that in Western Europe shipments in the Personal category have been a key driver of consistent growth throughout the period of the pandemic. Ultimately these devices ful□lled the demand for the “new” home-based workforce as of□ces were forced to close. Despite growth in shipments across all the major brands; including Canon, Fujitsu; and Epson; it was Brother that was leading from the front with its ADS-1700W and latterly with the DS-640 and DS-740D models. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 14 Scanner Sales in North America rebound in 2021 Fig 3 The North America scanner market grew 12% YOY in 2021. The primary area of growth was in the distributed scanner segment which includes the segments. Total shipments in the distributed scanner segment were up 11.3% YOY with unit growth in all three segments in the fourth quarter of 2021. Personal, Workgroup, and Departmental Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 15 Distributed Scanner Segment in 2021 Personal scanner sales were up 7.3% compared with 2020 shipments. Epson is the market leader in this segment category with (45.3%) share followed by Brother with (30.9%) share. In 2021, Epson grew their market share 5% YOY with the success of models such as the ES 60W and ES 50 scanners. While Personal scanners sales were up year over year in 2021, they are down about 1.0% from 2019 shipment □gures. The Personal scanner segment fared well during the pandemic lockdowns however, the shift to back to work in of□ces may impact this segment long term. Meanwhile, the Desktop Workgroup scanner segment continues to outperform the overall distributed scanner shipments as sales of Workgroup scanners grew 13.7% YOY up from 457,755 units in 2020 to 530,531 units in 2021. In 2021, sales grew 10.2% in the fourth quarter alone for Workgroup scanners. Additionally, unit sales in this segment, are up 11.2% from 2019 shipments. In terms of market share, Fujitsu is the market leader with (37.4%) share followed by Epson with (28.8%) share and Canon with (13.0%) share. Lastly, Departmental scanner shipments showed real improvements in unit sales in both the 4 quarter of 2021 and full-year shipments. Total shipments for the year were up 14.6% while Q4 sales grew 5.6% as more people returned to the of□ce by years end. As with the Desktop Workgroup segment, Departmental scanner sales were up 5.1% from 2019 pre-pandemic shipments. th Figure 4 Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 16 Latin America Scanner Market Shows Signs of Improvement in 2021 Meanwhile, the Desktop Workgroup segment in LA declined 7.4% in 2021 in this region mainly due to country shipment declines in Argentina and Mexico. Top brands in the Workgroup scanner segment include Canon, HP, and Epson. Lastly, the Departmental Scanner segment declined 10.9% in 2021. Brazil and Mexico scanner sales grew in this segment but, Argentina, Chile, Columbia and Peru declined. Avision is the market leader with 28.5% share followed closely by Fujitsu with 28.1% share and Kodak Alaris with 26.5% share in this segment. Figure 5 Overall, the Distributed Scanner Segment in Latin America showed signs of improvement in 2021. The Personal Segment grew 17.9% YOY fueled by unit shipment growth in Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, and Peru. Kodak Alaris is the top brand in this segment with 49.4% share followed by Brother with 15% share, and Epson with 11.5% share. Top models in this category include the Kodak Alaris i940, HP ScanJet Pro 2500 and Fujitsu SP-1120 scanner. While shipments grew compared to 2020, the personal segment in LA was still below pre-pandemic units down 11.8% from 2019. Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 17 The percentage of scanner shipments in the APAC region by country is 44.7% for China, 32.8% for Japan, and 7.8% for India in 2021, and the impact of the changes in the graph is almost entirely determined by these three countries. For the region as a whole, the increase from 2020 to 2021 was +3.1%. Figure 6 This result is due to the COVID-19 epidemic, which began in H1 2020 and has since slowed down due to temporary demand for scanners from the global push for remote work (+82.5% in 2019 vs 2020), as well as the global shortage of semiconductors. The supply shortage of scanners also began to appear signi□cantly around H2, and also, due to delays in receiving the scanners due to logistics disruptions, there were fewer scanners available on the E- Commerce site around 4Q 2021. Under these circumstances, Japanese- made scanners such as Fujitsu, Canon, Epson, and Brother were in short supply, and instead, scanners from Chinese and Taiwanese manufacturers such as Avision increased their market share. ASIA PACIFIC Document Imaging Report -- March 14, 2022 Page 18 Conclusions This all bodes well for the future OR did bode well before the start of the □rst major European war since the end of the Balkan war in August 1993. In early 2022, due to semiconductor supply shortages and logistics disruptions, we initially expected the disruption situation to continue through the end of the year, but the con□ict between Russia and Ukraine, which are major producers of rare metals, rare earths, and inert gases, is likely to accelerate supply shortages for semiconductors and electronic components in general for the near future. So again, our industry may suffer another economic shock on the coat tails of the global pandemic the consequences of which are yet to be fully realized. Capture Software with Scanners The promotion of telework has led to a strong push for the digitization of work□ow and application processes in companies and public services. Paper documents for expense and tax processing were replaced by scanned or smart-phone camera images – or were replaced by electronic data from the outset. This temporarily boosted demand for workgroup and departmental scanners, including batch scanning at the of□ce for teleworking employees, OCR processing, and system integration with RPA. The trend toward less paper due to society's increasing digitization and the generalization of telework may lead to new developments in scanner applications and functionality development. What is remarkable about the Infosource 2021 DMS data is that it shines a spotlight on the resilience of the global DMS market. Despite the shortage of components and the effects on global distribution channels we have seen global shipment volumes recover to pre-pandemic levels. We saw similar trends in the NA and WE of□ce MFP market in 2021 in most regions. In the personal category, the share decreased from 23% to 18%; in the workgroup category, it remained unchanged at 46%; And, in the departmental category, it increased from 27% to 31%. The reasons for this result are that personal scanners were already being purchased by those who needed them, people are returning to the of□ce and the city partly because the COVID-19 epidemic has calmed down, and companies that continue to telework are □nding that when they come to work one or two days a week. The analysis shows that employees who come to work have increased their practice of scanning and digitizing paper invoices, estimates, and other paper documents for teleworking employees so that they can continue to work telework. Springing Forward Page 19 Barbara Richards ( ) is Senior Analyst Hardware, Infosource. She has 20+ years’ experience within the of□ce technology market in product development, market research, and competitive analysis. She is responsible for document management scanners and MFP market coverage at Infosource. br@info-source.com Contact her for details on how to gain access to more analysis like this throughout the year. DOCUMENT IMAGING REPORT Business Trends on Converting Paper Processes to Electronic Format DIR is the leading executive report on managing documents for e-business. Areas we cover include: □. Document Capture □. OCR/ICR, AI, and Machine Learning □. RPA □. ECM □. Records Management □. Document Output □. BPM DIR brings you the inside story behind the deals and decisions that affect your business. Vol. 32, No. 3 Managing Editor: Ralph Gammon: rg@info-source.com Editor-in-Chief: Bryant Duhon: or +1 (301) 275-7496 bdu@info-source.com DIR is published approximately 15 times per year by: Infosource SA Avenues des Grande-Communes 8, 1213 Petit-Lancy, Geneva, Switzerland http://www.info-source.com Springing Forward Page 20 Copyright @ 2022 by Infosource SA. Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized reproduction by any means including photocopying or facsimile distribution of this copyrighted newsletter. Such copyright infringement is subject to □nes of up to $25,000. Because subscriptions are our main source of income, newsletter publishers take copyright violations seriously. Some publishers have prosecuted and won enormous settlements for infringement. To encourage you to adhere to the law, we make multiple- copy subscriptions available at a substantially reduced price. Subscriptions: Single user: $597 (electronic) or $670 (paper) per year Two users: $897 From 3 to 5 every extra user: +$100 10 users: $1,497 Company-wide subscription: $2,500 Enterprise-wide subscription: $4,500
