1 Sovereign Law Series World Summit Outcome on “Responsibility to Protect” of 2005 Short-Form Reference: 2005 World Summit “Responsibility to Protect” In-Line Micro Reference: 2005 “Responsibility to Protect” Ratification / Registration: UN-GA Resolution 60/1 of 2005 © 2020 Sovereign Court of International Justice (SCIJ). All International Rights Reserved. The 1979 “Berne Convention” fully protects this proprietary collection as a selection and arrangement of works (Art. 2.5), and protects these documents as derivative works (Art. 2.3) and adaptations (Art. 12). 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Download the “Intro & Index” (with links to all documents in the collection) here: Introduction & Index Independence from the UN – The United Nations (UN) is not a “world government”, and has no authority for any type of “global governance”: The UN is prohibited to interfere with self-determination of peoples or sovereignty of States (UN Charter, Articles 1.2, 2.1, 2.7), and is liable for any of its own violations of international law and rights (2012 Declaration on Rule of Law, Article 2). The UN is not a “world parliament”, and has no authority to enact any form of “legislation”: The UN General Assembly (GA) is only a forum for States to codify and declare general recognition of rights and doctrines of international law (UN Charter, Article 13.1). Reclaiming Law and Rights – The UN has no authority to “own” or “control” international law: All the conventions actually belong to the Peoples of the Nations, and the UN is only authorized to register and publish them (1969 Law of Treaties, Articles 1(e), 76.1, 80; UN Charter, Article 102). Once a convention recognizes “rights”, those “may not be revoked or modified” (1969 Law of Treaties, Articles 36.1, 37.2), and “become binding upon” all States as “customary rules of international law” which are “recognized” by that convention (Article 38). Therefore, all law and rights evidenced in conventions belong to the People, and can be invoked by the People and enforced by the Independent Judiciary, in perpetuity. Words of Rights in Red – Operative words and phrases most effective for invoking and enforcing Rights, which are the most used by Barristers and Judges, are printed in Red font for ease of visual reference. Some key words may be underlined for emphasis. Commentary in Green – [Expert commentary from Barristers and Judges may be added in Green font, in Brackets, to guide effective use to assert and enforce rights.] 3 Official Text of this Law Source as Ratified World Summit Outcome on “Responsibility to Protect” (Contained in Articles 138 and 139) Article 138. Each individual State has the responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. This responsibility entails the prevention of such crimes, including their incitement, through appropriate and necessary means. We accept that responsibility and will act in accordance with it. The international community should, as appropriate, encourage and help States to exercise this responsibility and support the United Nations in establishing an early warning capability. Article 139. The international community, through the United Nations, also has the responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other peaceful means, in accordance with Chapters VI and VIII of the Charter, to help protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. In this context, we are prepared to take collective action, in a timely and decisive manner, through the Security Council, in accordance with the Charter, including Chapter VII, on a case-by-case basis and in cooperation with relevant regional organizations as appropriate, should peaceful means be inadequate and national authorities manifestly fail to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. We stress the need for the General Assembly to continue consideration of the responsibility to protect populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and its implications, bearing in mind the principles of the Charter and international law. We also intend to commit ourselves, as necessary and appropriate, to helping States build capacity to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity and to assisting those which are under stress before crises and conflicts break out. [The doctrine of “Responsibility to Protect” was first formulated by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) in 2001, and defined a broad scope of application, including “overwhelming natural or environmental catastrophes, where the State concerned is either unwilling or unable to cope, or call for assistance, and significant loss of life is occurring or threatened” (ICISS Report: The Responsibility to Protect, December 2001).]