• Psychiatric condition with extreme mood changes
• Shifts between mania, hypomania, and depression
• Mood swings may last days to months
• Impacts mood, energy, behavior, and thinking
• Can impair work, studies, and relationships
• Requires long-term management and care
• Requires ongoing management and support
• Bipolar I: at least one manic episode
• Bipolar II: hypomania + major depression
• Cyclothymic Disorder: mild long-lasting symptoms
• Mixed Episodes: manic and depressive overlap
• Patterns can be episodic or chronic
• Early diagnosis helps treatment planning
• Family history is a strong risk factor
• No single gene; multiple genes involved
• Hereditary influence increases risk in children
• Genes affect brain chemistry and regulation
• Twin studies show high correlation
• Genetics guide early monitoring strategies

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• Stressful life events can trigger episodes
• Disturbed sleep worsens mood stability
• Brain chemical imbalance plays a role
• Childhood trauma increases vulnerability
• Structural brain differences may exist
• Environment interacts with genetic risk
• Elevated or irritable mood, high energy
• Decreased need for sleep
• Racing thoughts and rapid speech
• Inflated self-esteem or confidence
• Impulsive or risky decisions
• Severe cases may involve psychosis

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• Persistent sadness or hopelessness
• Fatigue and slowed activity
• Appetite and sleep changes
• Loss of interest in daily activities
• Poor concentration and decision-making
• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• Based on clinical evaluation and history
• Medical tests rule out other causes
• Common comorbidities: anxiety, ADHD, PTSD
• Risk of substance use disorders
• Misdiagnosis with depression is common
• Mixed episodes complicate diagnosis
• No permanent cure, but manageable
• Combination of medication and therapy
• Mood stabilizers reduce extreme shifts
• Antipsychotics control manic symptoms
• Therapy provides coping strategies
• Lifestyle changes improve outcomes
• Lithium: effective mood stabilizer
• Anticonvulsants: valproate, lamotrigine, carbamazepine
• Antipsychotics: quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole
• Antidepressants used with caution
• Medications tailored to symptom phase
• Regular monitoring is essential

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• Modafinil supports depressive episodes
• Electroconvulsive therapy in severe cases
• Light therapy for seasonal triggers
• Brain stimulation options emerging
• Psychoeducation empowers patients
• Combined approaches improve results
• CBT addresses thought patterns
• Family therapy strengthens support systems
• Psychoeducation builds awareness
• Mood charting tracks triggers
• Healthy routines prevent relapses
• Therapy enhances resilience

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• Maintain consistent sleep schedule
• Exercise improves mental balance
• Balanced nutrition supports stability
• Mindfulness reduces stress levels
• Avoid alcohol and drug misuse
• Build supportive relationships
• Watch for early mood shifts
• Track changes with mood diaries
• Identify personal triggers
• Seek help at first warning signs
• Stay consistent with treatment
• Early action prevents severe episodes
• Learn about the disorder and symptoms
• Encourage medication and therapy adherence
• Be patient with mood changes
• Offer emotional support
• Help maintain routines
• Recognize crisis signs quickly
• Commonly starts in early adulthood
• Affects personal and work relationships
• Increases risk of self-harm and suicide
• Comorbidities add to difficulties
• Many achieve stability with care
• Long-term management is vital

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• Bipolar disorder is manageable
• Knowledge empowers patients and families
• Early intervention prevents worsening
• Compassion builds stronger support
• Treatment and lifestyle both matter
• Hope and recovery are possible
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