Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management Lesson 11.pdf

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Biological Control predator parasite pathogen natural enemy Pest Exploring Urban Integrated Integrated Pest manage Michigan State University State University Pesticide University Pesticide Education Urban Integrated Pest IPM
Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
        61
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
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Biological Control
Classroom Activity
Grades 4-6
#11
Biological control is a method of managing pests by
using natural enemies. In this lesson students learn
about three groups of natural enemies of pests and
how they can be used in an IPM program.
Students will:
•
learn about biological control and how it is used
in IPM.
•
see how food chains apply to biological control.
•
recognize three groups of biological control
agents.
video: Biological Control: Learning to Live with
the Natural Order (see the  next page for
information on  ordering your free copy), TV and
VCR, slide show or pictures  at http://
www.pested.msu.edu), worksheet
science
1 hour
Objectives
Overview
Subjects
Duration
Materials
Background
Doing the Activity
Step 1: Discussion.  Review the steps in IPM.
Review the choices for control methods (refer to
“What is IPM” student  handout from lesson #3 or
bulletin board).  Biological control is using natural
enemies to manage or control pests. Ask: What are
some ways that pests can be controlled by their
natural enemies?
a) they can be eaten-predators
b) they can have other insects living inside or on
them- parasites
Biological control is an important control method
that can be used in an  IPM program. Biological
control is a method  of managing pests by using
natural enemies. This lesson focusses on natural
enemies of insect pests. Natural enemies can also be
used for controlling weeds and other pests. (For
excellent classroom lessons on biological control of
purple loosestrife, a serious weed in wetlands, see
the classroom resource list on page 6.)
In IPM we can introduce natural enemies to a
situation, or we can take steps to preserve the
natural enemies that are already there. For example,
as part of a cockroach IPM program, we may order
tiny wasps that find cockroaches and inject their
eggs into the cockroach eggs. As the wasps inside
the eggs grow and eat, they will kill the cockroach
eggs. For the second situation, one reason that we
only use pesticides if they are absolutely necessary is
that pesticides often kill the natural enemies that are
already there. This is especially important in
agriculture and landscapes. When we kill the natural
enemies, we can make a pest situation much worse
becausepest insects often reproduce and recover
faster than the natural enemies.
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Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
Resources
USDA’s National Biological Control
Institute (NBCI)
Suggested free resources for students available from
NBCI:
•
Biological Control: Learning to Live With the
Natural Order is a 25 minute videotape geared
towards elementary, middle, and high school
students.
•
Natural Enemies are Your Allies- a color
poster with great pictures of natural enemies of
insects. University of California, Davis. 1990.
Web order form: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/
nbci/nbcistor.html or call NBCI at (301)436-4329.
Other Resources
Weeden, C.R., Shelton, A.M., & Hoffman, M.P.,
Biological Control: A Guide to Natural Enemies
in North America, Cornell University
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/biocontrol/
-Great background information (geared to adults).
Step 2: Taking Notes. Complete the
worksheet with the class. Ask the students for
examples.  You may wish to transfer the worksheet
to transparency film, and complete the worksheet
together using the overhead projector.
Step 3: Show the Video. The video (see end
of this lesson for ordering information) sequentially
describes the phases of a classical biological control
program against a serious agricultural pest, the
Russian wheat aphid. The video includes wonderful
close-up footage of natural enemies in action
provided by Walt Disney World Co.
Closure/Assessment:  Test students’
knowledge with a slide show (available in
PowerPoint on our website: http://
www.pested.msu.edu). Read the slide and have
students record what they think each picture
represents (predator, parasite, pathogen). Go over
the answer before you move to the next slide. If you
do not have the means to show the slideshow, read
the descriptions to the class, show the pictures on
page 66, or print out pictures from the above
website.
Jeffords, M.R. & Hodgins, A.S. 1995. Pests Have
Enemies Too: Teaching Young Scientists About
Biological Control. Illinois Natural History Survey,
Champaign, IL, special publication 18.
-Excellent resource guide and lesson plans for
middle school students on biological control. (for fee
only) To order: call (217) 333-6880.
Supplemental Worksheets
From Minnesota Department of Agriculture IPM
Program, Join Our Pest Patrol-A Backyard
Activity Book for Kids- An Adventure in IPM
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/IPM/IPMPubs.html
3. Fighting Pests with the Three Ps
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/IPM/PestPatrol/
FightingPestswith3Ps.pdf
14. Pests Have Enemies Too: Aphids and
Ladybugs
http://www.mda.state.mn.us/IPM/PestPatrol/
PestshaveEnemies.pdf
Answers: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/IPM/
PestPatrol/Answers.pdf
Biological Control pictures from the University of
Nebraska, Department of Entomology
 http://entomology.unl.edu/images/beneficials/
beneficials.htm
Enrichment
Guest Speaker or Field Trip: Check to see
if your county or city has a mosquito, gypsy
moth, or purple loosestrife control program.
These programs often have employees who visit
classrooms. Biological control is a major part of
many of these programs, and a guest speaker or
field trip can provide real-world experience on
these concepts to the students.
c)
they can get a disease - pathogens
Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
        63
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
Biological Control
Name:
Date:
Predators
List some predators and their prey.
Pathogens
   .
List some types of pathogens (things that cause disease).
Parasites
List some examples of parasites.
Biological control is the use of
to manage or control pests. Biological
control is one choice in the
step of IPM. Three types of biological control agents we use are
       ,
       , and
 .
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Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
Predator, Parasite or Pathogen?
Name:
Date:
Watch the slide show and circle the type of natural enemy you
think matches the slide.
1.
predator
parasite
pathogen
2.
predator
parasite
pathogen
3.
predator
parasite
pathogen
4.
predator
parasite
pathogen
5.
predator
parasite
pathogen
6.
predator
parasite
pathogen
7.
predator
parasite
pathogen
8.
predator
parasite
pathogen
9.
predator
parasite
pathogen
10. predator
parasite
pathogen
11. predator
parasite
pathogen
12. predator
parasite
pathogen
Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
        65
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
Biological Control
Name:
KEY
Date:
Predators  hunt and kill other animals for food.
owl/mice
fox/rabbits
cat/mice
eagle/mice
ladybug/aphids
dragonfly/insects
frog/flies
snake/mice
bat/mosquitoes
praying mantis/insects
spider/insects
lion/antelope
   .
List some predators and their prey.
Pathogens  cause diseases inside animals.
   .
List some types of pathogens (things that cause disease).
bacteria
virus
fungus
       nematodes (tiny worms)
Parasites  live on or inside other animals and may kill them as they
grow.
List some examples of parasites.
 a wasp lays eggs in a larva
  a fly lays eggs in a bug adult
 a wasp lays eggs in a cockroach
 a wasp lays eggs in eggs
Biological control is the use of         natural
     enemies
to manage or control pests. Biological
control is one choice in the    choosing control methods
step of IPM. Three types of biological control agents we use are
    predators
       ,     parasites
       , and       pathogens
 .
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Exploring Urban Integrated Pest Management
Michigan State University Pesticide Education, 2001
Predator, Parasite or Pathogen?
1. Wasp larvae coming
out of a caterpillar
2. Long-legged fly with a
captured leafhopper
3. Wasps coming out of
aphid bodies
4. Wasp pupae on a
caterpillar
5. Rove beetles eating a
maggot
6. The bottom caterpillar
is infected with a
virus.
7. Caterpillars  infected
with a fungus
8. A wasp injects eggs
into a plant bug
nymph.
9. A fly infected with a
fungus
10. Scorpion eating a
cricket
11. The grub on the right
is infected with a
bacteria.
12.
1. parasite, 2. predator, 3. parasite, 4. parasite, 5. predator, 6. pathogen, 7. pathogen, 8. parasite,
9. pathogen, 10. predator, 11. pathogen, 12. predator
A spider eating a
captured insect