ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS AND PRIMARY
PRODUCTIVITY
By:
EKO EFENDI
INTRODUCTION
Essential elements that elements are recognized as essential
components of plants and animals.
depend on the source of element and as which form can taken by
organisms:
non-mineral elements
mineral elements
Essential elements
essential mineral elements
beneficial mineral elements
periodic table marked with essential and beneficial elements
based on the relative concentrations in the plant tissue:
Essential elements
Micro-nutrients
Macro-nutrients
* This does not mean that one nutrient element is more important
than another
Availability and natural cycle of essential elements
Availability refer to the source and amount of
element .
natural cycle is the natural circulation pathways
through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geo-sphere,
and bio-sphere.
the general components of the natural cycle of the essential
elements
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NITROGEN (N)
79% of the atmosphere.
required for amino-groups found in proteins or
nucleic acids.
in marine ecosystem found as N2(gas), NO3-N,
NO2-N, NH3-N, NH4-N, and N-organic and particulate.
inter to the marine from ;
diffusion
fixation
degradation
runoff
Speciation of nitrogen (N) in the sea water determined by
existence of dissolved oxygen.
Nitrification
NO3
Denitrification
Pseudomonas sp.
nitrobacter
Nitrocystis oceanus
NH3-N
NO2
aerobic case
anaerobic case
NH3-N
NO3
NO3-N + CO2
(CH2O)n + O2
chlorophyll
light
chlorophyll
NH4-N + CO2
(CH2O)n + O2
light
photosynthesis
respiration
The Nitrogen cycle ,units = megatons (106 tons)
Lightning + N2 + O2 NO + O2 Nitrate (NO3)
Pathways of nitrogen in marine surface sediments
PHOSPHORUS (P)
In the earth's biosphere exist no gaseous and also no
reducing phosphor compounds.
in aquatic ecosystems exist as dissolved and particles of
inorganic and organic forms.
main source in the sea;
Runoff (detergents)
degradation organic materials
*In aquatic ecosystems, phosphate produce orto-P as result
of hydrlization
H3PO4
H+ + H2Po4
_
H+ + HPo4
2-
(ort