The edible seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera, a powerful natural food source that is rich in protein, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, has been mass cultured in some Asian countries and has been the focus of researchers in recent years. Here, the operational conditions of its culture, application in wastewater treatment, and bioactive components are summarized and comparatively analyzed.Scientific evidence for warming of the climate system is unequivocal.- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeThe current warming trend is of particular significance because most of it is extremely likely (greater than 95 percent probability) to be the result of human activity since the mid-20th century and proceeding at a rate that is unprecedented over decades to millennia.Earth-orbiting satellites and other technological advances have enabled scientists to see the big picture, collecting many different types of information about our planet and its climate on a global scale. This body of data, collected over many years, reveals the signals of a changing climate.The heat-trapping nature of carbon dioxide and other gases was demonstrated in the mid-19th century. Their ability to affect the transfer of infrared energy through the atmosphere is the scientific basis of many instruments flown by NASA. There is no question that increased levels of greenhouse gases must cause the Earth to warm in response.
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Submitted 20 July 2018
Accepted 12 November 2018
Published 8 January 2019
Corresponding authors
Xiaolin Chen, chenxl@qdio.ac.cn
Pengcheng Li, pcli@qdio.ac.cn
Academic editor
Junkuo Gao
Additional Information and
Declarations can be found on
page 11
DOI 10.7717/peerj.6118
Copyright
2019 Chen et al.
Distributed under
Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
OPEN ACCESS
Advances in cultivation, wastewater
treatment application, bioactive
components of Caulerpa lentillifera and
their biotechnological applications
Xiaolin Chen1,2,3, Yuhao Sun1,2,3,4, Hong Liu1,2,3,4, Song Liu1,2,3, Yukun Qin1,2,3
and Pengcheng Li1,2,3
1CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Qingdao, China
2 Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and
Technology, Qingdao, China
3Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
4University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
ABSTRACT
The edible seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera, a powerful natural food source that is rich
in protein, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated
fatty acids, has been mass cultured in some Asian countries and has been the
focus of researchers in recent years. Here, the operational conditions of its culture,
application in wastewater treatment, and bioactive components are summarized and
comparatively analyzed. Based on previous studies, salinity, nutrient concentrations,
irradiance and temperature are stress factors for algal growth.Moreover, driedCaulerpa
lentillifera seaweed is efficient in the biosorption of heavy metals and cationic dyes in
wastewater, and fresh seaweed can be introduced as a biofilter in aquaculture system
treatment. In addition, among the rich bioactive compounds inCaulerpa lentillifera, the
phenolic compounds show the potential ability for regulating glucose metabolism in
vivo. Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides exhibit anticoagulant, immunomodulatory
effects and cancer-preventing