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Dartmouth College Dartmouth College Motto: Vox clamantis in deserto Motto in English: The voice of one crying in the wilderness Established: December 13, 1769 Type: Private Endowment: US $3.76 billion[1] President: James Wright (historian) Faculty: 647[2] Undergraduates: 4,147[3] Postgraduates: 1,701[3] Location: Hanover, New Hampshire, United States 43°42′12″N 72°17′18″W / 43.70333°N 72.28833°W / 43.70333; -72.28833Coordinates: 43°42′12″N 72°17′18″W / 43.70333°N 72.28833°W / 43.70333; -72.28833 Campus: Rural town, 269 acres (1.1 km²) Colors: Dartmouth green and white Nickname: Big Green Mascot: Indian,[4] Keggy the Keg,[5] and Dartmouth Moose[6] (all unofficial) Athletics: NCAA Division I, Ivy League 34 varsity teams Affiliations: University of the Arctic Website: www.dartmouth.edu Dartmouth College (pronounced /ˈdɑrtməθ/) is a private, coeducational uni- versity[7] located in Hanover, New Hamp- shire. Incorporated as "Trustees of Dart- mouth College,"[8][9] it is a member of the Ivy League and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution.[10] In addition to its undergraduate liberal arts program, Dartmouth has medical, engineer- ing, and business schools, as well as 19 graduate programs in the arts and sciences. With a total enrollment of 5,848, Dartmouth is the smallest school in the Ivy League.[3] Established in 1769 by Congregational minister Eleazar Wheelock with funds largely raised by the efforts of Native American preacher Samson Occom, the College’s initial mission was to acculturate and Christianize the Native Americans. After a long period of financial and political struggles, Dartmouth emerged from relative obscurity in the early twentieth century.[11] In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a model of institutional endurance "whose re- cord of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial," citing Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Dart- mouth’s successful self-reinvention in the late 1800s.[12] Dartmouth alumni, from Daniel Webster to the many donors in the nine- teenth and twentieth centuries, have been famously involved in their college.[13] Dartmouth is located on a rural 269-acre (1.1 km²) campus in the Upper Valley region of New Hampshire. Given the College’s isol- ated location, participation in athletics and the school’s Greek system is high.[14] Dart- mouth’s 34 varsity sports teams compete in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Divi- sion I. Students are also well-known for From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 1 preserving a variety of strong campus tradi- tions.[15][16][17][18] History The Charter of Dartmouth College on display in Baker Memorial Library. The Charter was signed on December 13, 1769, on behalf of King George III of Great Britain. Dartmouth was founded by Eleazar Whee- lock, a Puritan minister from Connecticut, who sought to establish a school to train Nat- ive Americans as missionaries. Wheelock’s ostensible inspiration for such an establish- ment largely resulted from his relationship with Mohegan Indian Samson Occom. Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock’s tutelage from 1743 to 1747 and later moved to Long Island to preach to the Montauks.[19] Wheelock instituted Moor’s Indian Charity School in 1755.[20] The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was necessary to continue school’s operations. To this end, Wheelock sought the help of friends to raise money. Occom, ac- companied by Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money in the dissenting churches of that nation. With the funds, they established a trust to help Wheelock.[19] Although the fund provided Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock had trouble recruiting Indi- ans to the institution—primarily because its location was far from tribal territories. Re- ceiving the best land offer from New Hamp- shire, Wheelock approached the Royal Governor of the Province of New Hampshire John Wentworth for a charter. Wentworth, acting in the name King George III of the Un- ited Kingdom, granted Dartmouth a royal charter on December 13, 1769, establishing the final colonial college and naming the in- stitution after his English friend, William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.[19] Dart- mouth’s purpose, according to the original charter, was to provide for the Christianiza- tion, instruction, and education of "youth of the Indian Tribes in this land [...] and also of English youth and any others." Given the fail- ure of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new College as one primarily for whites.[19][21] Wheelock had established a collegiate de- partment within Moor’s Charity School in 1768. He moved the school to Hanover in 1770 where the College granted its first de- grees in 1771.[22] Occom, disappointed with Wheelock’s departure from the school’s ori- ginal goal of Indian Christianization, went on to form his own community of New England Indians called Brothertown Indians in New York.[19][21] In 1819, Dartmouth College was the sub- ject of the historic Dartmouth College case, in which the State of New Hampshire’s 1816 attempt to amend the College’s royal charter to make the school a public university was challenged. An institution called Dartmouth University occupied the College buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the College continued teaching classes in rented rooms nearby.[19] Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the College’s case to the Supreme Court of the United States, which found the amendment of Dartmouth’s charter to be an illegal impairment of a contract by the state and reversed New Hampshire’s takeover of the College. Webster concluded his perora- tion with the famous and frequently quoted words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small col- lege. And yet there are those who love it."[19] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 2 Lithograph of the President’s House, Thornton Hall, Dartmouth Hall, and Went- worth Hall, circa 1834. Dartmouth emerged onto the national aca- demic stage at the turn of the twentieth cen- tury. Prior to this period, the College had been relatively unknown and poorly fun- ded.[11] Under the presidency of William Jewett Tucker (1893–1909), Dartmouth un- derwent a major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body, following large endowments such as the $10,000 given by Dartmouth alumnus and law professor John Ordronaux.[23] Twenty new structures re- placed antiquated buildings, while the stu- dent body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige.[24] Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols (1909–16) and Ernest Martin Hop- kins (1916–45) continued Tucker’s trend of modernization, further improving campus fa- cilities and introducing selective admissions in the 1920s.[11] John Sloan Dickey, serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly pub- lic policy and international relations.[11][25] In 1970, longtime professor of mathemat- ics and computer science John George Ke- meny became president of Dartmouth.[26] Ke- meny presided over several major changes at the College. Dartmouth, previously serving as a men’s institution, began admitting women as full-time students and undergraduate de- gree candidates in 1972 amid much contro- versy.[27] At about the same time, the College adopted its "Dartmouth Plan" of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilit- ies.[26] During the 1990s, the College saw a major academic overhaul under President James O. Freedman and a controversial (and ultimately unsuccessful) 1999 initiative to encourage the school’s single-sex Greek houses to go coed.[11][28] The 2000s saw the commence- ment of the $1.3 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the College’s his- tory, which as of January 2008 has surpassed $1 billion and is on schedule to be completed before 2010.[29][30] The mid- and late 2000s have also seen extensive campus construc- tion, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full renovation of two dormitor- ies, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sci- ences center, and visual arts center.[31] Since the election of a number of petition elections to the Board of Trustees starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth gov- ernance has been the subject of ongoing ideological conflict.[32] Current president James Wright announced his retirement in February 2008,[33] to be replaced by Harvard University professor and physician Jim Yong Kim on July 1, 2009.[34] Presidents of Dartmouth • Eleazar Wheelock • John Wheelock • Francis Brown • Daniel Dana • Bennet Tyler • Nathan Lord • Asa Dodge Smith • Samuel Colcord Bartlett • William Jewett Tucker • Ernest Fox Nichols • Ernest Martin Hopkins • John Sloan Dickey • John G. Kemeny • David T. McLaughlin • James O. Freedman • James Wright • Jim Yong Kim Academics and administration Dartmouth, a liberal arts institution, offers only a four-year Bachelor of Arts degree to undergraduate students.[10][36] There are 39 academic departments offering 56 major pro- grams, although students are free to design special majors or engage in dual majors.[37] In 2008, the most popular majors were eco- nomics, government, history, psychological From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 3 Until it burned in 1904, Dartmouth Hall (first built in 1784) was the oldest building on Dartmouth’s campus. (It was rebuilt the fol- lowing year, shown here.)[35] and brain sciences, English, biology, and en- gineering sciences.[38] In order to graduate, a student must com- plete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of a chosen major pro- gram.[39] Other requirements for graduation include the completion of ten "distributive re- quirements" in a variety of academic fields, proficiency in a foreign language, and com- pletion of a writing class or first-year seminar in writing.[39] Many departments offer hon- ors programs requiring students seeking that distinction to engage in "independent, sus- tained work," culminating in the production of a thesis.[39] In addition to the courses offered in Hanover, Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programs, including For- eign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programs, and Exchange Pro- grams.[40][41] Dartmouth also grants degrees in nine- teen Arts & Sciences graduate programs.[10] Furthermore, Dartmouth is home to three graduate schools: Dartmouth Medical School (established 1797), Thayer School of Engin- eering (1867)—which also serves as the un- dergraduate department of engineering sci- ences—and Tuck School of Business (1900). With these graduate programs, conventional American usage would accord Dartmouth the label of "Dartmouth University";[10] however, because of historical and nostalgic reasons (such as Dartmouth College v. Woodward), the school uses the name "Dartmouth Col- lege" to refer to the entire institution.[19] Dartmouth employs a total of 597 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured pro- fessors among the Ivy League universit- ies.[10] Faculty members have been at the forefront of such major academic develop- ments as the Dartmouth Conferences, the Dartmouth Time Sharing System, Dartmouth BASIC, and Dartmouth ALGOL 30. As of 2005, sponsored project awards to Dart- mouth faculty research amounted to $169 million.[42] Dartmouth serves as the host institution of the University Press of New England, a uni- versity press founded in 1970 that is suppor- ted by a consortium of schools that also in- cludes Brandeis University, the University of New Hampshire, Northeastern University, Tufts University and the University of Ver- mont.[43] Further information: List of Dartmouth Col- lege faculty The Dartmouth Plan Baker Memorial Library at Dartmouth College Dartmouth functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week aca- demic terms. The Dartmouth Plan (or simply "D-Plan") is an academic scheduling system that permits the customization of each stu- dent’s academic year. All undergraduates are required to be in residence for the fall, winter, and spring terms of their freshman and senior years, as well as the summer term of their sophomore year.[44] During all other terms, students are permitted to choose between studying on-campus, studying at an From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 4 off-campus program, or taking a term off for vacation, outside internships, or research projects.[44] The typical course load is three classes per term, and students will generally enroll in classes for twelve total terms over the course of their academic career.[45] The D-Plan was instituted in the early 1970s at the same time that Dartmouth began accepting female undergraduates. It was initially devised as a plan to increase the enrollment without enlarging campus accom- modations, and has been described as "a way to put 4,000 students into 3,000 beds."[11] Al- though new dormitories have been built since, the number of students has also in- creased and the D-Plan remains in effect and mainly unchanged. Admissions McNutt Hall, the location of the Department of Admissions & Financial Aid Dartmouth describes itself as "highly select- ive,"[46] ranked as the fifteenth "toughest to get into" school by The Princeton Review in 2007,[47] and classified as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report.[7] For the class of 2012, 16,536 students applied for approx- imately 1,100 places, and only 13.2% of ap- plicants were admitted. 93.4% of admitted students were ranked in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. 38.5% of admit- ted students were valedictorians and 11.3% were salutatorians. The mean SAT scores of admitted students by section were 726 for verbal, 731 for math, and 726 for writing.[48] In 2007, Dartmouth was ranked eleventh among undergraduate programs at national universities by U.S. News & World Re- port.[49] However, since Dartmouth is ranked in a category for national research universit- ies, some have questioned the fairness of the ranking given the College’s emphasis on un- dergraduate education.[50][51][52] Dartmouth ranks number seven in the Wall Street Journ- al’s ranking of top feeder schools. The 2006 Carnegie Foundation classification listed Dartmouth as the only majority- undergraduate, arts-and-sciences focused in- stitution in the country that also had some graduate coexistence and very high research activity.[53][54] Dartmouth meets 100% of students’ demonstrated financial need in order to at- tend the College, and currently admits all students, including internationals, on a need- blind basis. Beginning in the 2008–2009 aca- demic year, Dartmouth instituted a new fin- ancial aid policy extending need-blind admis- sion to international students and replaced all student loans with scholarships and grants. Students from families with a com- bined annual income of less than $75,000 are not charged any tuition.[55][56] Board of Trustees Dartmouth is governed by a Board of Trust- ees comprising the College president (ex offi- cio), the state governor (ex officio), thirteen trustees nominated and elected by the board (called "charter trustees"), and eight trustees nominated by alumni and elected by the board ("alumni trustees").[57] The nominees for alumni trustee are determined by a poll of the members of the Association of Alumni of Dartmouth College, selecting from among names put forward by the Alumni Council or by alumni petition. Although the Board elected its members from the two sources of nominees in equal proportions between 1891 and 2007,[58] the Board decided in 2007 to add several new members, all charter trustees.[59] In the con- troversy that followed the decision, the Asso- ciation of Alumni filed a lawsuit, although it later withdrew the action.[60][61] In 2008, the Board added five new charter trustees.[62] Campus "This is what a college is supposed to look like." —— Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1953[63] Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of Hanover, New Hampshire, located in the Upper Valley along the Connecticut River in New England. Its 269 acre (1.1 km²) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 5 campus is centered around a five-acre (two- hectare) "Green",[64] a former field of pine trees cleared by the College in 1771.[65] Dartmouth is the largest private landowner of the town of Hanover,[66] and its total land- holdings and facilities are worth an estimated $434 million.[8] In addition to its campus in Hanover, Dartmouth owns 4,500 acres (18.2 km²) of Mount Moosilauke in the White Mountains Region[67] and a 27,000 acre (109 km²) tract of land in northern New Hampshire known as the Second College Grant.[68] Dartmouth’s campus buildings vary in age from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s (the oldest surviving buildings con- structed by the College) to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006.[69][70] Most of Dartmouth’s buildings are designed in the Georgian American colo- nial style,[71][72][73] a theme which has been preserved in recent architectural addi- tions.[74] The College has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus, earning it the grade of A- from the Sustainable Endowments Institute on its College Sustainability Report Card 2008.[75][76] Academic facilities The Hopkins Center The College’s creative and performing arts facility is the Hopkins Center for the Arts ("the Hop"). Opened in 1962, the Hop houses the College’s drama, music, film, and studio arts departments, as well as a woodshop, pot- tery studio, and jewelry studio which are open for use by students and faculty.[77] The building was designed by the famed architect Wallace Harrison, who would later design the similar-looking façade of Manhattan’s Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center.[78] Its facilities include two theaters and one 900-seat auditorium.[77] The Hop is also the location of all student mailboxes ("Hinman boxes")[79] and the Courtyard Café dining facility.[80] The Hop is connected to the Hood Museum of Art, arguably North America’s oldest museum in continuous oper- ation,[81] and the Loew Auditorium, where films are screened.[82] A view of the Sherman Fairchild Physical Science Center and Wheeler Hall from the tower of Baker Memorial Library In addition to its nineteen graduate pro- grams in the arts and sciences, Dartmouth is home to three separate graduate schools. Dartmouth Medical School is located in a complex on the north side of campus[83] and includes laboratories, classrooms, offices, and a biomedical library.[84] The Dartmouth- Hitchcock Medical Center, located several miles to the south in Lebanon, New Hamp- shire, contains a 396-bed teaching hospital for the Medical School.[85] The Thayer School of Engineering and the Tuck School of Busi- ness are both located at the end of Tuck Mall, west of the center of campus and near the Connecticut River.[84] The Thayer School presently comprises two buildings;[84] Tuck has six academic and administrative build- ings, as well as several common areas.[86] The two graduate schools share a library, the Feldberg Business & Engineering Library.[86] Dartmouth’s nine libraries are all part of the collective Dartmouth College Library, which comprises 2.48 million volumes and 6 million total resources, including videos, maps, sound recordings, and photo- graphs.[10][87] Its specialized libraries in- clude the Biomedical Libraries, Evans Map Room, Feldberg Business & Engineering From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 6 Library, Jones Media Center, Kresge Physical Sciences Library, Paddock Music Library, Rauner Special Collections Library, and Sher- man Art Library. Baker-Berry Library is the main library at Dartmouth, comprising Baker Memorial Library (opened 1928) and Berry Library (opened 2000[88]). Located on the northern side of the Green, Baker’s 200-foot (61 m) tower is an iconic symbol of the Col- lege.[89][90][91] Athletic facilities Memorial Field Dartmouth’s original sports field was the Green, where students played cricket and old division football during the 1800s.[65] Today, Dartmouth maintains more than a dozen ath- letic facilities and fields[92] and has spent more than $70 million in facility improve- ments since 2000.[93] Most of Dartmouth’s athletic facilities are located in the southeast corner of cam- pus.[92] The center of athletic life is the Alumni Gymnasium, which includes the Karl Michael Competition Pool and the Spaulding Pool, a fitness center, a weight room, and a 1/13th-mile (123 m) indoor track.[94] At- tached to Alumni Gymnasium is the Berry Sports Center, which contains basketball and volleyball courts (Leede Arena), as well as the Kresge Fitness Center.[95] Behind the Alumni Gymnasium is Memorial Field, a 15,000-seat stadium overlooking Dartmouth’s football field and track.[96] The nearby Thompson Arena, designed by Italian engin- eer Pier Luigi Nervi and constructed in 1975, houses Dartmouth’s ice rink.[97] Dartmouth’s other athletic facilities in Hanover include the Friends of Dartmouth Rowing Boathouse, located along the Con- necticut River, the Hanover Country Club, Dartmouth’s oldest remaining athletic facility (established in 1899),[98] and the Corey Ford Rugby Clubhouse.[99] The College also main- tains the Dartmouth Skiway, a 100 acre (0.4 km²) skiing facility located over two mountains near the Hanover campus in Lyme Center, New Hampshire.[100] Housing and student life facilities Lord Hall in the Gold Coast Cluster As opposed to ungrouped dormitories or res- idential colleges as employed at such institu- tions as Yale University, Dartmouth has nine residential communities located throughout campus.[101] The dormitories vary in design from modern to traditional Georgian styles, and room arrangements range from singles to quads and apartment suites.[101] Since 2006, the College has guaranteed housing for students during their freshman and sopho- more years.[102] More than 3,000 students elect to live in housing provided by Col- lege.[101] Campus meals are served by Dartmouth Dining Services, which operates eleven din- ing establishments around campus.[103] Four of them are located at the center of campus in Thayer Dining Hall.[104] The Collis Center is the center of student life and programming, serving as what would be generically termed the "student union" or "campus center."[105] It contains a café, study space, common areas, and a number of administrative departments, including the Academic Skills Center.[106][107] Robinson Hall, next door to both Collis and Thayer, contains the offices of a number of student organizations including the Dartmouth From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 7 Outing Club and The Dartmouth daily news- paper.[108] Student life In 2006, The Princeton Review ranked Dart- mouth third in its "Quality of Life" category, and sixth for having the "Happiest Stu- dents."[109] Athletics and participation in the Greek system are the most popular campus activities;[14] in all, Dartmouth offers more than 350 organizations, teams, and sports.[110] The school is also home to a vari- ety of longstanding traditions and celebrations. Student groups Robinson Hall houses many of the College’s student-run organizations, including the Dartmouth Outing Club. The building is a designated stop along the Appalachian Trail. Dartmouth’s more than 200 student organiza- tions and clubs cover a wide range of in- terests.[111] As of 2007, the College hosts eight academic groups, 17 cultural groups, two honor societies, 30 "issue-oriented" groups, 25 performing groups, 12 pre-profes- sional groups, 20 publications, and 11 recre- ational groups.[112] Notable student groups include the nation’s largest and oldest col- legiate outdoors club, the Dartmouth Outing Club, the outspoken and progressive Dart- mouth Free Press, the controversial newspa- per The Dartmouth Review,[113] and The Dartmouth, arguably the nation’s oldest uni- versity newspaper.[114] The Dartmouth de- scribes itself as "America’s Oldest College Newspaper, Founded 1799."[114] However, according to the 1928 Aegis yearbook, the daily newspaper is unrelated to a literary publication established under a different name in 1799. The Dartmouth as it currently exists was founded in 1839, and it calculates its present volume number from that year.</ref> Partially due to Dartmouth’s rural, isol- ated location, the Greek system dating from the 1840s is one of the most popular social outlets for students.[14][115] Dartmouth is home to 27 recognized Greek houses: 15 fra- ternities, nine sororities, and three coeduca- tional organizations.[116] As of 2007, over 60% of eligible students belong to a Greek organization;[117] since 1987, students have not been permitted to join Greek organiza- tions until their sophomore year.[118] Dart- mouth College was among the first institu- tions of higher education to desegregate fra- ternity houses in the 1950s, and was involved in the movement to create coeducational Greek houses in the 1970s.[119] In the early 2000s, campus-wide debate focused on a Board of Trustees recommendation that Greek organizations become "substantially coeducational";[120] this attempt to the change the Greek system eventually failed.[121] The College has an additional classification of social/residential organiza- tions known as undergraduate societies.[122] Athletics A Dartmouth varsity hockey game against Princeton at Thompson Arena Athletics are highly popular at Dartmouth: approximately 20% of students participate in a varsity sport, and nearly 80% participate in some form of club, varsity, intramural, or oth- er athletics.[123] As of 2007, Dartmouth Col- lege fields 34 intercollegiate varsity teams: 16 for men, 16 for women, and coeducational sailing and equestrian programs. Dart- mouth’s athletic teams compete in the Na- tional Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 8 Division I eight-member Ivy League confer- ence; some teams also participate in the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC).[124] As is mandatory for the mem- bers of the Ivy League, Dartmouth College does not offer athletic scholarships.[124][125] In addition to the traditional American team sports (football, basketball, baseball, and ice hockey), Dartmouth competes in many other sports including track and field, sailing, ten- nis, rowing, soccer, skiing, and lacrosse.[10] The College also offers 26 club and intra- mural sports such as rugby, water polo, fig- ure skating, volleyball, ultimate frisbee, and cricket, leading to a 75% participation rate in athletics among the undergraduate student body.[10][126] The figure skating team has performed particularly well in recent years, winning the national championship in each of the past five consecutive seasons.[127] In ad- dition to the academic requirements for graduation, Dartmouth requires every under- graduate to complete a 50-yard (46 m) swim and three terms of physical education.[128] Technology Students at a bank of Blitz terminals in Baker-Berry Library. Technology plays an important role in stu- dent life, as Dartmouth has been ranked as one of the technologically most advanced col- leges in the world (as in Newsweek’s 2004 ranking of "Hottest for the Tech-Savvy"[129] and Yahoo!’s 1998 "Wired Colleges" list[130]). BlitzMail, the campus e-mail network, plays a tremendous role in social life, as students tend to use it for communication in lieu of cellular phones or instant messaging pro- grams.[131][132] Student reliance on BlitzMail (known colloquially as "Blitz," which func- tions as both noun and verb[132]) is reflected by the presence of about 100 public com- puter terminals intended specifically for Bl- itzMail use.[132] Since 1991, Dartmouth stu- dents have been required to own a personal computer.[133][134] In 2001, Dartmouth became the first Ivy League institution to offer entirely ubiquitous wireless internet access.[129] With over 1,400 access points, the network is available throughout all College buildings as well as in most public outdoor spaces.[135] Other tech- nologies being pioneered include College- wide Video-on-Demand and VoIP rol- louts.[135][136] Native Americans at Dartmouth The charter of Dartmouth College, granted to Eleazar Wheelock in 1769, proclaims that the institution was created "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing and all parts of Learning ... as well as in all liberal Arts and Sciences; and also of English Youth and any others."[137] The funds for Dartmouth College were raised primarily by the efforts of a Native American named Samson Oc- com.[138] Despite this initial mission, the College graduated only nineteen Native Americans during its first two hundred years.[138] In 1970, the College established Native Americ- an academic and social programs as part of a "new dedication to increasing Native Americ- an enrollment."[138] Since then, Dartmouth has graduated over 500 Native American stu- dents from over 120 different tribes, more than the other seven Ivy League universities combined.[138] Traditions Dartmouth is well-known for its fierce school spirit and many traditions.[139] The College functions on a quarter system, and one week- end each term is set aside as a traditional celebratory event, known on campus as "big weekends"[140][141] or "party weekends".[142] In the fall term, Homecoming (officially called Dartmouth Night) is marked by a bon- fire on the Green constructed by the fresh- man class.[143] Winter term is celebrated by Winter Carnival, a tradition started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club to promote winter sports.[144] In the spring, Green Key is a weekend mostly devoted to campus parties and celebration.[145] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 9 Snow sculpture at the 2004 Dartmouth Winter Carnival The summer term was formerly marked by Tubestock, an unofficial tradition in which the students used wooden rafts and inner tubes to float on the Connecticut River. Be- gun in 1986, Tubestock met its demise in 2006 when Hanover town ordinances and a lack of coherent student protest conspired to defeat the popular tradition.[146] The class of 2008, during their summer term on campus in 2006, replaced the defunct Tubestock with Fieldstock. This new celebration includes a barbecue, live music, and the revival of the 1970s and 1980s tradition of racing homemade chariots around the Green. Unlike Tubestock, Fieldstock is funded and suppor- ted by the College.[147] Another longstanding tradition is four-day, student-run Dartmouth Outing Club trips for incoming freshmen, begun in 1935. Each trip concludes at the Moosilauke Ravine Lodge.[148] In 2006, 85% of freshman elected to participate. Insignia and other representations Motto and song Dartmouth’s motto, chosen by Eleazar Whee- lock, is "Vox Clamantis in Deserto". The Latin motto is literally translated as "The voice of one crying in the wilderness",[149][150] but is more often rendered as "A voice crying in the wilderness",[151] which attempts to translate the synecdoche of the phrase. The phrase ap- pears five times in the Bible and is a refer- ence to the College’s location on what was once the frontier of European settle- ment.[150][152] Richard Hovey’s "Men of Dart- mouth" was elected as the best of Dart- mouth’s songs in 1896,[143] and became the school’s official song in 1926.[153] The song was retitled to "Alma Mater" in the 1980s when its lyrics were changed to refer to wo- men as well as men.[154] Seal Seal of Dartmouth College Dartmouth’s 1769 royal charter required the creation of a seal for use on official docu- ments and diplomas.[137] The College’s founder Eleazar Wheelock designed a seal for his college bearing a striking resemblance to the seal of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, a missionary society founded in London in 1701, in order to maintain the From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 10 illusion that his college was more for mission work than for higher education.[150] En- graved by a Boston silversmith, the seal was ready by Commencement of 1773. The trust- ees officially accepted the seal on August 25, 1773, describing it as: “ An Oval, circumscribed by a Line containing SIGILL: COL: DARTMUTH: NOV: HANT: IN AMERICA 1770. within projecting a Pine Grove on the Right, whence pro- ceed Natives towards an Edifice two Storey on the left; which bears in a Label over the Grove these Words "vox clamantis in deserto" the whole supported by Religion on the Right and Justice on the Left, and bearing in a Triangle irradiate, with the Hebrew Words [El Shaddai], agree- able to the above Impression, be the common Seal under which to pass all Diplomas or Certificates of Degrees, and all other Affairs of Business of and concerning Dartmouth Col- lege.[155] ” On October 28, 1926, the trustees affirmed the charter’s reservation of the seal for offi- cial corporate documents alone.[150] The Col- lege Publications Committee commissioned noted typographer W. A. Dwiggins to create a line drawing version of the seal in 1940 that saw widespread use. Dwiggins’ design was modified during 1957 to change the date from "1770" to "1769," to accord with the date of the College Charter. The trustees commissioned a new set of dies with a date of "1769" to replace the old dies, now badly worn after almost two hundred years of use.[150] The 1957 design continues to be used under trademark number 2305032.[156] Shield On October 28, 1926, the Trustees approved a "Dartmouth College Shield" for general use. Artist and engraver W. Parke Johnson designed this emblem on the basis of the shield that is depicted at the center of the original seal. This design does not survive. On June 9, 1944 the trustees approved anoth- er coat of arms based on the shield part of the seal, this one by Canadian artist and de- signer Thoreau MacDonald. That design was used widely and, like Dwiggins’ seal, had its date changed from "1770" to "1769" around 1958.[150] That version continues to be used under trademark registration number 3112676 and others.[156] College designer John Scotford made a stylized version of the shield during the 1960s, but it did not see the success of MacDonald’s design.[157] The shield appears to have been used as the basis of the shield of Dartmouth Medical School, and it has been reproduced in sizes as small as a few nano- meters across.[158] The design has appeared on Rudolph Ruzicka’s Bicentennial Medal (Philadelphia Mint, 1969) and elsewhere. Nickname, symbol, and mascot Keggy posing on the Dartmouth College Green with Baker Memorial Library in the background. Dartmouth has never had an official mas- cot.[159] The nickname "The Big Green," ori- ginating in the 1860s, is based on students’ adoption of a shade of forest green ("Dart- mouth Green") as the school’s official color in 1866.[160] Beginning in the 1920s, the Dart- mouth College athletic teams were known by their unofficial nickname "the Indians," a moniker that probably originated among sports journalists.[159] This unofficial mascot From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 11 and team name was used until the early 1970s, when its use came under criticism. In 1974, the Trustees declared the "use of the [Indian] symbol in any form to be inconsist- ent with present institutional and academic objectives of the College in advancing Native American education."[161] Some alumni and students, as well as the conservative student newspaper, The Dartmouth Review, have sought to return the Indian symbol to prom- inence,[162] but no team has worn the symbol on its uniform in decades.[163] Various student initiatives have been un- dertaken to adopt a new mascot, but none has become "official." One proposal devised by the College humor magazine the Dart- mouth Jack-O-Lantern was Keggy the Keg, an anthropomorphic beer keg who makes occa- sional appearances at College sporting events. Despite student enthusiasm for Keggy,[164] the mascot has only received ap- proval from the student government.[165] In November 2006, student government attemp- ted to revive the "Dartmoose" as a potential replacement amid renewed controversy sur- rounding the former Indian mascot.[166] Alumni Dartmouth’s alumni are known for their de- votion to the College.[13] In 2007, Dartmouth was ranked second only to Princeton University in the U.S. for alumni donation rates by U.S. News & World Report.[49] Ac- cording to a 2008 article in The Wall Street Journal, Dartmouth graduates also earn high- er median salaries at least 10 years after graduation than alumni of any other Americ- an university surveyed.[167] As of 2008, Dartmouth has graduated 238 classes of students and has over 60,000 living alumni in a variety of fields.[168] Over 164 Dartmouth graduates have served in the United States Senate and Un- ited States House of Representatives,[169] such as Massachusetts statesman Daniel Webster.[169] Cabinet members of American presidents include Attorney General Amos T. Akerman,[170] Secretary of Defense James V. Forrestal,[171] Secretary of Labor Robert Reich,[172] former Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson, and the current Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner. C. Everett Koop was the Surgeon General of the United States under President Ronald Reagan.[173] Two Dartmouth alumni have served as Salmon P. Chase, class of 1826, was an American politician: Senator from Ohio, Governor of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury under Abraham Lincoln, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. justices on the Supreme Court of the United States: Salmon P. Chase and Levi Wood- bury.[174][175] In literature and journalism, Dartmouth has produced eight Pulitzer Prize winners: Thomas M. Burton,[176] Richard Eber- hart,[177] Robert Frost,[178] Paul Gigot,[179] Jake Hooker,[180] Nigel Jaquiss,[181] Martin J. Sherwin,[182] and David K. Shipler.[183] Oth- er authors and media personalities include novelist/screenwriter Budd Schulberg,[184] political analyst Dinesh D’Souza,[185] radio talk show host Laura Ingraham,[186] com- mentator Mort Kondracke,[187] and journalist James Panero.[188] Theodor Geisel, better known as children’s author Dr. Seuss, was a member of the class of 1925.[189] Dartmouth alumni in academia include Stuart Kauffman and Jeffrey Weeks, both re- cipients of MacArthur Fellowships (com- monly called "genius grants").[190][191] Dart- mouth has also graduated three Nobel Prize winners: Owen Chamberlain (Physics, 1959),[192] K. Barry Sharpless (Chemistry, 2001),[193] and George Davis Snell (Physiology or Medicine, 1980).[194] Educat- ors include the founding president of Vassar College Milo Parker Jewett,[195] founder and first president of Bates College Oren B. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 12 Cheney,[196] founder and first president of Kenyon College Philander Chase,[197] first professor of Wabash College Caleb Mills,[198] and former president of Union College Charles Augustus Aiken.[199] Nine of Dart- mouth’s sixteen presidents were alumni of the College.[200] Dartmouth alumni serving as CEOs or company presidents include Sandy Alderson (San Diego Padres),[201] John Donahoe (eBay), Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. (IBM),[202] Charles E. Haldeman (Putnam Invest- ments),[203] Donald J. Hall, Sr. (Hallmark Cards),[204] Jeffrey R. Immelt (General Elec- tric),[205] Henry Paulson (Goldman Sachs),[206] Grant Tinker (NBC),[207] and Bri- an Goldner (Hasbro).[208] In entertainment and television, Dart- mouth is represented by Rachel Dratch, a cast member of Saturday Night Live,[209] cre- ator of Grey’s Anatomy Shonda Rhimes,[210] and the titular character of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood, Fred Rogers.[211] Other not- able actors include Sarah Wayne Callies (Prison Break),[209] Mindy Kaling (The Of- fice),[212] Emmy Award winner Michael Mori- arty,[209], Andrew Shue of Melrose Place,[213] Aisha Tyler of Friends and 24,[209] and Connie Britton of Spin City, The West Wing, and Friday Night Lights.[209] A number of Dartmouth alumni have found success in professional sports. In baseball, Dartmouth alumni include All-Star and three- time Gold Glove winner Brad Ausmus[214] and All-Star Mike Remlinger.[215] Profession- al football players include former Miami Dol- phins quarterback Jay Fiedler,[216] lineback- er Reggie Williams,[217][218] three-time Pro Bowler Nick Lowery,[219] quarterback Jeff Kemp,[220] and Tennessee Titans tight end Casey Cramer.[221] Dartmouth has also pro- duced a number of Olympic competitors. Adam Nelson has won silver medals in the shotput in the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Athens Olympics to go along with his gold medal in the 2005 World Championship in Helsinki.[222] Kristin King and Sarah Par- sons were members of the United States’ 2006 bronze medal-winning ice hockey team.[223][223][224] Cherie Piper, Gillian Apps, and Katie Weatherston were among Canada’s ice hockey gold medalists in 2006.[225][226][227] Dick Durrance and Tim Caldwell competed for the United States in skiing in the 1936 and 1976 Winter Olympics, respectively.[228][229] Arthur Shaw,[230] Earl Thomson,[231] Edwin Myers,[230] Marc Wright,[230] Adam Nelson,[222] Gerald Ash- worth,[230] and Vilhjálmur Einarsson[230] have all won medals in track and field events. In popular culture Dartmouth College has appeared in or been referenced by a number of popular media. The 1978 comedy film National Lampoon’s Animal House was cowritten by Chris Miller ’63, and is based loosely on a series of fic- tional stories he wrote about his fraternity days at Dartmouth. In a CNN interview, John Landis said the movie was "based on Chris Miller’s real fraternity at Dartmouth," Alpha Delta Phi.[232] Dartmouth’s Winter Carnival tradition was the subject of the 1939 film Winter Carnival starring Ann Sheridan.[144] Darmouth College has been mentioned twice on the FOX animated sitcom, The Simpsons, and both times have been on season 11 epis- odes and have associated Dartmouth College with alcoholic consumption. On "Alone Again, Natura-Diddly", a Christian rock singer named Rachel Jordan sings that she "was drinking like a Dartmouth boy". In "Pygmoelian", during the Duff Days festival, Duffman introduces the trick-pouring contest by saying that it counts as course credit at Dartmouth College. In addition, Dartmouth has served as the alma mater for a number of fictional charac- ters, including Stephen Colbert’s fictional persona,[233] Michael Corleone of The God- father,[234] Meredith Grey of Grey’s Ana- tomy,[235] Thomas Crown of The Thomas Crown Affair (1968),[236] and Howie Archibald of Gossip Girl.[237] The characters Evan and Fogell of the 2007 film Superbad were also slated to attend Dartmouth.[238] In the vampire romance series Twilight, main characters Bella Swan and Edward Cullen plan to go to Dartmouth as a ruse. Dr. Lawrence Kutner in the medical drama House also attended Dartmouth. References [1] "EDartmouth: Endowment down, some layoffs inevitable". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/ new_hampshire/articles/2009/01/22/ dartmouth_endowment_down_some_layoffs_inevitabl Retrieved on 2009-02-10. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 13 [2] "Common Data Set ’06-’07" (PDF). Office of Institutional Research. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/ cds2006-2007.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [3] ^ "Total Enrollment - Fall" (PDF). Office of Institutional Research. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~oir/pdfs/ enrollments.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-12-16. [4] Forbes, Allison (2003-04-15). "Mascot debate returns to agenda". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/ 2003/04/15/news/mascot/. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. "The Assembly’s Student Life Committee initiated discussions about the College’s unofficial mascot, the Indian..." [5] Butler, Brent; Frances Cha (2004-02-16). "’Keggy’ makes an awaited return". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/ 2004/02/16/news/keggy/. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. "...Keggy debuted last fall as the Big Green’s unofficial mascot..." [6] Spradling, Jessica (2003-05-23). "Moose tops mascot survey". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/2003/05/23/ news/moose/. Retrieved on 2007-01-29. "...the moose has been an unofficial symbol of the College for a long time." [7] ^ "Dartmouth College: At a Glance". U.S. News & World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/ usnews/edu/college/directory/brief/ drglance_2573_brief.php. Retrieved on 2007-09-19. [8] ^ Trustees of Dartmouth College. "2005 Form 990" (PDF). GuideStar.org. http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/ 2005/020/222/ 2005-020222111-02604b96-9.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [9] "Trustees of Dartmouth College". Dartmouth College. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~trustees/. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [10]^ "About Dartmouth: Facts". Dartmouth College. http://www.dartmouth.edu/ home/about/facts.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [11]^ Sayigh, Aziz G; Boris V. Vabson (2006-10-01). "The Wheelock Succession". The Dartmouth Review. http://dartreview.com/archives/2006/10/ 01/the_wheelock_succession.php. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [12] "Booz Allen Hamilton Lists the World’s Most Enduring Institutions". Booz Allen Hamilton. 2004-12-16. http://www.boozallen.com/news/659481. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. ; section on Dartmouth College footnoted to John R. Thelin, who also selected the University of Oxford for inclusion as a model of institutional endurance. [13]^ Jaschik, Scott (2007-09-10). "Dartmouth Approves Controversial Board Changes". Inside Higher Education. http://www.insidehighered.com/news/ 2007/09/10/dartmouth. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [14]^ Webster, Katharine (2007-05-25). "Conservatives Gain Ground at Dartmouth: Dartmouth Alumni Elect Conservatives to Trustees Amid Struggle to Change College’s Direction". Associated Press (ABC News). http://abcnews.go.com/US/ wireStory?id=3211439. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [15]Kennedy, Randy (1999-11-07). "A Frat Party Is:; a) Milk and Cookies; b) Beer Pong". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/ fullpage.html?res=9D02E0D81F3BF934A35752C1A9 Retrieved on 2008-08-23. "...at Dartmouth College a place where traditions die hard..." [16] "Hill Winds, Granite Brains, and Other Dartmouth Traditions". Summer 2007 Newsletter. Dartmouth Parents & Grandparents. http://parents.dartmouth.edu/ news_and_events/news_articles/ traditions.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [17] "Our Mission". Dartmouth College. http://www.dartmouth.edu/home/about/ mission.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [18] "Dartmouth: Forever New An address by President James Wright: On the Occasion of his Inauguration as the 16th President of Dartmouth College". Dartmouth News. 1998-09-23. http://www.dartmouth.edu/ ~news/releases/1998/sept98/ speech.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-23. [19]^ Childs, Francis Lane (December 1957). "A Dartmouth History Lesson for Freshman". Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. http://www.dartmouth.edu/ ~speccoll/Resources/DartmouthHistory/ From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 14 DartmouthHistory.shtml. Retrieved on 2007-02-12. [20]Hoefnagel, Dick; Virginia L. Close (November 1999). "Eleazar Wheelock’s Two Schools". 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Big Green Sports. http://dartmouthsports.com/ ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11600&ATCLID=648 Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [228]Lund, Morten (2004-06-14). "Dick Durrance, America’s Champion". ISHA Newsline. http://www.skiinghistory.org/ durrance.html. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [229]"Pamphlet" (PDF). Dartmouth College. http://www.dartmouth.edu/apply/pdfs/ gib-completebook.pdf. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. [230]̂ "Men’s Track & Field Olympians". Big Green Sports. http://dartmouthsports.com/ ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=48808&SPID=4706&DB_O Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [231]"NCAA Champions from Dartmouth College" (PDF). Ivy League Sports. http://www.ivyleaguesports.com/ documents/rb-0304-dartmouth.pdf. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [232]"Interview with John Landis". CNN. 2003-08-29. http://cnnstudentnews.cnn.com/ TRANSCRIPTS/0308/29/se.09.html. Retrieved on 2007-02-12. [233]Gordon, Avery. "Stephen’s Bio". Colbert Nation. http://www.colbertnation.com/ cn/stephens-bio.php. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [234]Peet, Jessica (2005-11-11). "Better than Cornell: Dartmouth in pop culture". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/ 2005/11/11/news/better/. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [235]Silberman, Katie (2005-11-07). "’Grey’s Anatomy’ hit for Rhimes ’91". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/ 2005/11/07/news/greys/. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [236]"Review of The Thomas Crown Affair (1968)". DVD Verdict. http://www.dvdverdict.com/reviews/ thomascrownaffair1968.php. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. [237]Patterson, Troy. "Gossip Girl: Imagine Beverly Hills 90120 without any of the guilt". Slate. http://www.slate.com/id/ 2174295/. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. [238]Rudderman, Allison (2007-08-21). "’Superbad’ gives laughs with heart". The Dartmouth. http://thedartmouth.com/2007/08/21/ arts/superbad/. Retrieved on 2007-08-24. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 24 Further reading • Drake, Chuck (2004). Dartmouth Outing Guide (Fifth edition ed.). Dartmouth Outing Club. • Graham, Robert B. (1990). The Dartmouth Story: A Narrative History of the College Buildings, People, and Legends. Dartmouth Bookstore. • Glabe, Scott L. (2005). Dartmouth College: Off the Record. College Prowler. ISBN 1-59658-038-0. • Hughes, Molly K.; Susan Berry (2000). Forever Green: The Dartmouth College Campus — An arboretum of Northern Trees. Enfield Books. ISBN 1-893598-01-2. • Richardson, Leon B. (1932). History of Dartmouth College. Dartmouth College Publications. OCLC 12157587. External links • Dartmouth College • Dartmouth College News • Dartmo.: The Buildings of Dartmouth College Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_College" Categories: Ivy League, 1769 establishments, Colonial colleges, Dartmouth College, ECAC Hockey, Educational institutions established in the 1760s, Universities and colleges in New Hampshire This page was last modified on 16 May 2009, at 20:32 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax- deductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dartmouth College 25
