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GUN DRILL, 105 C3 ARTILLERY IN BATTLE FIELD ARTILLER (ENGLISH) (This publication supercedes B-G WA ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED THIS MAY BE EXEMPT FROM DISCLOSU ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. AN CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLO WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICAT RELEASED. Issued on Authority of the Chief B-GL-371-008/FP-001 mm HOWITZER, Y L-306-011/PT-001, 1974-01-15) RNING PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, RE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE Y ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION SELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN ION OR ANY PART OF IT MAY BE of the Land Staff B-GL-371-008/FP-001 GUN DRILL, 105 mm HOWITZER, C3 ARTILLERY IN BATTLE FIELD ARTILLERY (ENGLISH) (This publication supercedes B-GL-306-011/PT-001, 1974-01-15) WARNING ALTHOUGH NOT CLASSIFIED THIS PUBLICATION, OR ANY PART OF IT, MAY BE EXEMPT FROM DISCLOSURE TO THE PUBLIC UNDER THE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACT. ANY ELEMENTS OF INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN MUST BE CLOSELY SCRUTINIZED TO ASCERTAIN WHETHER OR NOT THE PUBLICATION OR ANY PART OF IT MAY BE RELEASED. OPI: DAD 7 2001-05-21 Issued on Authority of the Chief of the Land Staff Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 PREFACE GENERAL 1. This manual is written primarily for detachment commanders and instructors. The duties of the Gun Position Officer (GPO) are given in B-GL-371-004/FP-001, Duties at Regimental Headquarters and the Gun Position, and are not described in this manual unless a description is necessary to understand the duties of the detachment. 2. Maintenance which is part of detachment drill is described in Chapter 7. For a general description of the howitzer and ammunition, together with full details of routine maintenance and the action of all working parts, reference should be made to B-GL- 371-009/Fp-001, Field Artillery, Handbook of Equipment and Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer. 3. Throughout this manual, the term gun and howitzer are synonymous. 4. , , etc. are used throughout this manual to refer to specific gun detachment members, i.e. Number 1, Number 2, etc., although in a few cases this usage also refers to the guns themselves, e.g. is the Number 4 Gun. In the latter case, it will be clear from the context that the reference is to the gun rather than to detachment members. 5. This publication is available electronically at http://lfdts-6a.d- kgtn.dnd.ca/ael/publications.asp?tab=370 on the Defence Information Network (DIN) or at www.army.dnd.ca/ael on the World Wide Web. i Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE General ..........................................................................................i CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DUTIES Duties of ...................................................................................1 Duties of ...................................................................................2 Duties of ...................................................................................3 Duties of ...................................................................................3 Duties of ...................................................................................3 Duties of ...................................................................................3 Duties of ...................................................................................4 CHAPTER 2 GUN DRILL Introduction ..................................................................................5 To Form Detachment Rear (or Front)...........................................6 To Tell Off....................................................................................7 To Change Round.........................................................................7 To Move the Gun..........................................................................7 To Mount and Dismount...............................................................9 To Clamp and Unclamp the Cradle ............................................10 To Open and Close the Breech ...................................................10 To Prepare for Action .................................................................11 To Come Into Action..................................................................16 Positions in Action......................................................................21 Passage of Orders .......................................................................22 To Direct the Movement of the Trails ........................................23 To Move the Trails .....................................................................24 To Run Up ..................................................................................25 To Lay in the Centre of Arc........................................................26 To Record Centre of Arc ............................................................30 To Record Centre of Arc at Night ..............................................33 iii B-GL-371-008/FP-001 To Plant Aiming Posts................................................................33 To Plant Aiming Posts During a Night Occupation ...................35 To Check Bearing.......................................................................37 To Measure the Angle of Sight to a Crest ..................................39 To Load ......................................................................................39 To Unload...................................................................................44 To Lay ........................................................................................46 To Measure the Quadrant Elevation ...........................................53 To Fire ........................................................................................54 Misfires.......................................................................................57 To Record a Target.....................................................................61 To Check Firing..........................................................................63 To Stand Fast..............................................................................63 To Cease Loading.......................................................................63 To Make Safe .............................................................................63 To Rest .......................................................................................64 Stand Easy/End of Mission ........................................................65 To Take Post...............................................................................66 To Prepare to Advance (or Withdraw) .......................................66 To Empty Guns ..........................................................................66 To Cease Firing and Hook In .....................................................68 Drill With Reduced Detachments...............................................71 Drill With Damaged Equipment.................................................71 Precautions to be Observed When Firing Blank Ammunition ........................................................................72 CHAPTER 3 ANTI-TANK DRILL Preparation for Opening Fire ......................................................73 Application of Fire .....................................................................76 Anti-tank Laying ........................................................................82 Anti-tank Duties .........................................................................82 Anti-tank Gun Drill ....................................................................86 The One-man Lay Method .........................................................88 iv Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 CHAPTER 4 LAYING The Panoramic Telescope...........................................................89 The Elbow Telescope .................................................................91 Sight Setting ...............................................................................91 Choice of Gun Aiming Points 1 and 2........................................95 Point of Aim ...............................................................................96 Sequence of Laying ....................................................................98 To Change From One Aiming Point to Another.......................101 To Reposition the Slipping Scale .............................................102 To Complete a Deferred Centre of Arc Record ........................102 Night Laying.............................................................................103 CHAPTER 5 SIGHT TESTING Notes.........................................................................................105 Types of Test ............................................................................105 Preparation for Tests.................................................................106 Periodic Tests ...........................................................................110 The Quick Sight Tests ..............................................................116 Bore Sight and Elevation Tests.................................................119 Zeroing .....................................................................................125 CHAPTER 6 MANHANDLING AND WINCHING Introduction ..............................................................................129 Manhandling.............................................................................129 Winching ..................................................................................132 CHAPTER 7 INSPECTION AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE General .....................................................................................135 Aims of Inspection....................................................................135 Inspection Procedure ................................................................135 Preventive Maintenance ...........................................................142 v B-GL-371-008/FP-001 ANNEX A DENIAL OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES TO THE ENEMY Definitions ................................................................................147 General .....................................................................................147 Temporary Disablement ...........................................................148 Destruction ...............................................................................149 Reporting ..................................................................................149 Procedure..................................................................................149 ANNEX B CONSTRUCTION OF GUN PITS Basic Dimensions .....................................................................151 Method of Construction............................................................151 ANNEX C THE GUN POSITION OFFICER'S INITIAL SEQUENCE OF ORDERS ANNEX D FIRE PLANS General .....................................................................................157 Preparation of Ammunition ......................................................157 Sight Testing.............................................................................157 Timings.....................................................................................157 Duties of ...............................................................................158 Gun Program ............................................................................159 ANNEX E ARTILLERY SALUTES General .....................................................................................163 Precautions ...............................................................................163 Preparations ..............................................................................163 Misfires.....................................................................................164 Drill for Misfires ......................................................................164 Drill for Jammed Cartridges .....................................................165 Fire Discipline ..........................................................................166 vi Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 ANNEX F OPEN ACTIONS AND SNIPING GUNS Open Action..............................................................................169 Sniping Gun..............................................................................172 ANNEX G INFINITY AIMING REFERENCE Collimator M1A1 .....................................................................179 Setting Up the Collimator.........................................................181 Record Centre of Arc................................................................181 Drill ..........................................................................................182 Laying.......................................................................................183 ANNEX H FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR WHITE PHOSPHORUS BURNS General .....................................................................................185 First Aid Treatment ..................................................................185 ANNEX I RADIATION AND POISONING HAZARDS OF INSTRUMENTS USING RADIOACTIVE LIGHT SOURCES General .....................................................................................187 Safety Precautions ....................................................................187 ANNEX J REFERENCES AND STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS..189 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................191 vii Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Signals for Controlling Vehicle Movement ....................18 Figure 2-2: Signals for Directing Movement of the Trails ................24 Figure 2-3: Signals Used by for Planting Aiming Posts ................34 Figure 2-4: Approximate Angular Values for an Average Hand .......48 Figure 2-5: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence ..................................49 Figure 2-6: Indirect Laying Sequence Using the Gunner's Quadrant..........................................................................50 Figure 2-7: Two-man, Two-sight Method—Sequence of Laying .....52 Figure 2-8: One-man Lay Method—Sequence of Laying .................53 Figure 2-9: Summary of Causes of Misfires......................................60 Figure 2-10: 's Target Record .........................................................62 Figure 3-1: Initial Leads for a Crossing Target .................................78 Figure 3-2: Vertical Displacement in Feet per 100 Metres Change in Range .............................................................81 Figure 4-1: Displacement Laying ......................................................97 Figure 4-2: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence ..................................99 Figure 4-3: Quadrant Laying Sequence ...........................................100 Figure 5-1: Sight Picture for Standard Angle Test ..........................116 Figure 5-2: The Target Testing Sight ..............................................120 Figure 5-3: The Elbow Telescope....................................................124 Figure B-1: Gun Pit Construction....................................................153 Figure C-1: The GPO's Initial Sequence of Orders .........................155 Figure D-1: Example of Gun Program ............................................161 Figure E-1: The GPO's Sequence of Orders for a Royal Salute ......167 Figure F-1: The GPO's Initial Sequence of Orders for an Open Action ...........................................................................170 Figure F-2: Range/Elevation Table for Charge 7 ............................177 Figure G-1: Collimator M1A1.........................................................180 Figure G-2: Initial Alignment ..........................................................182 Figure G-3: Right Displacement......................................................184 ix Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DUTIES GENERAL 1. The following summary of principal duties is not a comprehensive list, but is intended as a guide to detachment commanders and instructors. DUTIES OF 2. commands the detachment and is responsible for the entire service of the howitzer. Normally acts directly on the orders of the GPO, but during anti-tank engagements is responsible for fire control after the GPO has ordered "ENGAGE". 3. When gun programs are in use, controls the fire of the gun in accordance with the written detail of the gun program, but acts immediately on any verbal orders from the GPO. 4. ensures that detachment equipment is, in all respects, serviceable. Detachment members are responsible to for the completeness and serviceability of parts and stores which they examine at preparation for action and examination of equipment. reports any defects in equipment or ammunition to the GPO or Troop Leader. 5. ensures that the gun is, at all times, laid at the correct bearing, gun correction and elevation, and checks that fuze and charge are correct before loading. 6. orders the gun loaded and fired. 7. supervises the preparation and supply of ammunition, and reports any unserviceable ammunition to the GPO. 8. is responsible that the maximum protection is provided for the detachment, consistent with the efficient service of the gun. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 1 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 9. During pauses in firing, supervises equipment maintenance, and directs clearing up salvage. 10. During firing, watches the action of the recoil mechanism, and corrects any faults as authorized. 11. During firing, ensures that the spades dig in evenly and that they are evenly supported. 12. arranges reliefs, and may order any member to rest if the service of the gun can be maintained without them. 13. is responsible for the following miscellaneous details: a. arranging camouflage as ordered by the GPO; b. recording details of the ammunition fired in each series; and c. destruction of unused propellant charges on the orders of the GPO. DUTIES OF 14. operates the breech and firing mechanism. 15. operates the right brake and ensures it is off before travelling. 16. sets the elevation and gun correction scales, and lays for elevation. 17. During prolonged periods of firing, cleans and lightly oils the breech and firing lock as opportunity offers. 18. fires the gun on order from . 19. operates the right axle lock and trail locking pin, and ensures they are correctly positioned for travelling or firing. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 2 General Duties 20. is responsible for clamping the cradle strut before travelling. DUTIES OF 21. sets the panoramic telescope at the bearing ordered, directs in planting aiming posts and setting up the collimator, and lays for bearing. 22. operates the left brake and ensures it is off before travelling. 23. operates the left axle lock and trail locking pin, and ensures they are correctly positioned for travelling or firing. DUTIES OF 24. assembles and sets up the collimator. 25. assembles and plants the aiming posts, when ordered. 26. affixes and orients the aiming post lights. 27. During a fire mission, will load, alternating with and . DUTIES OF 28. , assisted by and , prepares ammunition and loads the gun. DUTIES OF 29. , assisted by and , prepares ammunition and loads the gun. 30. lays the loudspeaker cable. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 3 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 DUTIES OF 31. is the detachment Second in Command (2IC). 32. operates the fuze setters. 33. prepares the charge and sets the fuze, if applicable, for all fire missions, as soon as the ammunition has been ordered. 34. ensures that the ammunition is kept clean, and is protected from dampness and extremes of temperature. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 4 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 CHAPTER 2 GUN DRILL INTRODUCTION 1. General. For the convenience of instructors and detachment commanders, explanatory notes are given at the beginning of certain sub-sections of this, and subsequent, chapters. During training, the contents of these notes should be explained indoors, informally around the gun, before instruction in drill is given. Before beginning instruction in gun drill, the instructor should ensure that detachment members are familiar with the names of the relevant parts of the equipment, and understand how they are to be operated. 2. Reduced Detachments. Drill with reduced detachments should be practiced as soon as the detachments are proficient in the normal drill. In the later stages of training, drill with reduced detachments should be regarded as normal rather than exceptional. 3. Orientation Definitions: a. When the gun is hooked into the vehicle or when the gun has been unhooked, but the trail is not yet lowered to the ground, the term "front" refers to the direction in which the vehicle is pointing. b. When the trail is on the ground, the term "front" refers to the direction in which the muzzle is pointing. c. The terms “right”, “left” and “rear” are always used in relation to "front" as described in paragraph 3a. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 5 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TO FORM DETACHMENT REAR (OR FRONT) 4. Drill: a. On the order “DETACHMENT REAR (FRONT)”, the detachment falls in, in two ranks: , , , and from right to left in the front rank; , and in the rear rank covering , and respectively, with one space between ranks. They dress by the right and stand at ease. b. With only six members, takes the place normally occupied by . c. At detachment rear, when the gun is hooked to the vehicle, the front rank is three paces in rear of, and facing, the muzzle, with covering the right gun wheel. d. At detachment rear, when the trails are on the ground, the front rank is one pace in rear of the lunette, with covering the right gun wheel. They face the breech. e. At detachment front, when the gun is hooked to the vehicle, the front rank falls in three paces in front of the vehicle, with covering the right vehicle wheel. They face the direction the vehicle is pointing. f. At detachment front, when the trails are on the ground, the front rank falls in three paces in front of the muzzle, with covering the right gun wheel. They face the direction the muzzle is pointing. g. When the gun is hooked to the vehicle, the driver will fall in on his side of the vehicle in line with the door. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 6 Gun Drill TO TELL OFF 5. On the order “TELL OFF”, the detachment commander numbers "one" in a clear voice, the member on the right in the rear rank numbers "two", the front rank member "three", and so on. TO CHANGE ROUND 6. Drill: a. On the order “CHANGE ROUND”, takes one pace to the left rear and one pace to the left. The member on the left in the rear rank takes two short paces to the front. b. At the same time, the remainder of the front rank take two short paces to the right, and the remainder of the rear rank two short paces to the left. c. When the detachment consists of six members, the member on the left in the rear rank takes one pace to the left and one pace to the left front. TO MOVE THE GUN 7. Notes: a. The drill described in paragraph 2 is used for moving the gun on firm level ground, e.g. in gun sheds or on parade squares. On uneven ground, manhandling drill should be employed (see Chapter 6). b. The order “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO ADVANCE (RETIRE)” will normally be given when the detachment is in its position at detachment rear. c. If, after the gun has been moved to the front (or rear), it is desired to move it in the opposite B-GL-371-008/FP-001 7 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 direction, the order “HALT” and “PREPARE TO RETIRE (ADVANCE)” is given. d. The order to move the gun is “WALK— MARCH”. This indicates that there is no attempt to keep in step. The gun is moved by and pushing in front, or in rear, of the shield, with , , , and on the lifting handles. e. When the gun is to be moved without the vehicle, the order “RETIRE” means that the gun is to be moved trails first, i.e. in the direction in which the trail is pointing. f. On the order “ADVANCE”, the gun will be moved muzzle first, with the trails at waist height. 8. Drill: a. On the order, “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO ADVANCE”, the detachment doubles to its position, , , , and to the left of the equipment, , and to the right, as follows: (1) and take up their positions in rear of the shield; (2) is positioned to best supervise the movement of the gun; (3) , , , and take up their position at the trails, the highest numbers nearest the lunette; and (4) the detachment stands at attention facing the front, even numbers on the right and odd numbers on the left. b. On the order “WALK”, and release the brakes, orders “LIFT”, and , , , and raise the trails off the ground. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 8 Gun Drill c. On the order “MARCH”, the detachment moves the gun as directed by . d. On the order “HALT”, and cautiously apply the brakes, orders “LOWER”, and , , , and lower the trails gently to the ground. e. On the order “FOR GUN DRILL, PREPARE TO RETIRE”, the detachment acts as detailed above, except that all numbers face the rear, with and in front of the shield. f. On the order “PREPARE TO RETIRE”, when the detachment is facing the front, or “PREPARE TO ADVANCE”, when the detachment is facing the rear, , , , , and turn inward about, while and move to the required positions at the shield. TO MOUNT AND DISMOUNT 9. Drill: a. On the order “MOUNT”, the detachment doubles to the vehicle, odd numbers proceeding along the right side of the gun, even numbers along the left. The detachment mounts and sits in the vehicle facing inwards, as follows: (1) , and sit on the right, , and on the left, lowest numbers nearest the tailgate; and (2) sits beside the driver. b. On the order “DISMOUNT”, the detachment dismounts and takes up its position at detachment rear. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 9 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TO CLAMP AND UNCLAMP THE CRADLE 10. Consideration. In order to avoid damage to the elevating and traversing gears, the cradle must always be clamped before travelling. 11. Drill: a. To Clamp the Cradle. unclamps the cradle locking strut from the firing position and clamps the cradle, assisted by operating the elevating and traversing gears. must inform in which direction to move the barrel, e.g. "TRAVERSE RIGHT (LEFT)", "ELEVATE (DEPRESS"), "STEADY", "CLAMPED". b. To Unclamp the Cradle. , assisted by easing the elevating and traversing gears, releases the retaining catch of the cradle locking strut, swings it clear, and secures it in the firing position. TO OPEN AND CLOSE THE BREECH 12. Considerations: a. The breech block is held in the closed position by the retaining latch on the breech block operating lever. b. It is held in the open position by its own weight. c. When a round is inserted, the rim of the cartridge engages the extractor and causes the breech block to pivot on its axis, thus partially closing the breech. 13. Drill: a. To Open the Breech. With the left hand, grasps the spring loaded handle of the breech B-GL-371-008/FP-001 10 Gun Drill block operating lever, pushes down on the handle to release the latch, and rotates the handle to the rear, releasing the lever when the breech block has reached its stops. b. To Close the Breech. With the left hand, grasps the spring loaded handle of the breech block operating and rotates it in a forward direction until the retaining latch is engaged. TO PREPARE FOR ACTION 14. Considerations: a. General: (1) The Command Post Officer (CPO) will normally order “PREPARE FOR ACTION” shortly before the guns move into action to ensure that the equipment is, in all respects, ready. (2) If time permits, and if the move into action is expected to be short, the CPO will normally order the quick sight test to be carried out at this time. b. Cover Definitions: (1) The Overall Cover completely covers the barrel group, recoil system, cradle, sight quadrant mounts, and traversing and elevating mechanisms. (2) The Breech Cover covers the breech mechanism, sight quadrant mounts, and cradle. (3) The Sight Cover covers only the panoramic telescope and mount when the gun is in action, to be used at night or in B-GL-371-008/FP-001 11 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 inclement weather. It is carried in the tool box. (4) The Quadrant Cover covers only the range quadrant when the gun is in action, to be used at night or in inclement weather. It is carried in the tool box. 15. Drill: a. Preparation: (1) On the order “PREPARE FOR ACTION”, the detachment dismounts. (2) and go to the rear of the shield, on the left, on the right. They apply the hand brakes and unlock the axle, at the same time checking the brakes and axle locks for ease of working. (3) , , , and go to the trails, odd numbers on the right, even numbers on the left, and nearest the lunette. (4) removes the cotter pin from the towing hook. (5) releases the catch on the towing hook of the vehicle, and orders “LIFT”. The trails are lifted clear of the hook. then signals by raising his right arm or reporting “CLEAR”. (6) signals (or orders) “ADVANCE”, and the vehicle is advanced 5 metres and halted. (7) rotates the drawbar to the firing position while the trails are supported by , and . B-GL-371-008/FP-001 12 Gun Drill (8) then orders “LOWER”, and the trails are lowered gently to the ground. (9) unlocks the trails and fits the handspike into its socket. (10) and take up their positions, on the handspike, on the drawbar. (11) orders “SPREAD”, and the trails are spread by and . (12) and , working at the breech, and and working at the muzzle, remove the overall cover, if still fitted. (13) folds the overall cover and places it in the vehicle. (14) locks the right trail in the firing position and, assisted by , removes the breech cover, placing it alongside the right gun wheel. unclamps the cradle lock strut. (15) removes the muzzle cover and places it on the right axle, and removes the elbow telescope from its case and fits it. (16) uncovers the bubbles of the quadrant mount, depresses the gun and opens the breech. (17) locks the left trail in the firing position, and assists in removing the breech cover and unclamping the cradle lock strut. (18) fits the panoramic telescope and uncovers the mount bubbles. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 13 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 b. Examination: (1) examines the bore and recoil system, and ensures that the detachment and equipment are, in all respects, ready for action. (2) examines the range quadrant and sight scale, the elbow telescope, elevating gear, and the breech and firing gear. (3) sets the elevation scale to zero and the sight scale to 300. (4) closes the breech after examines the bore, elevates or depresses the barrel to the approximate travelling position, covers the bubbles of the quadrant mount, removes the elbow telescope, fits the telescope in its case, replaces the muzzle cover, and places the breech cover on the cradle. (5) , assisted by , clamps the cradle lock strut in the travelling position, and replaces the breech cover. then removes the right trail locking pin from the firing position and inserts it in the travelling position. (6) examines the panoramic telescope and mount, sets the main scale micrometer and gunner's aid to zero, replaces the panoramic telescope, and leaves the telescope mount upright. (7) examines the traversing gear and traverses the gun to the approximate travelling position. (8) assists in clamping the cradle lock strut and replacing the breech cover. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 14 Gun Drill then removes the left trail locking pin from the firing position and inserts it in the travelling position. (9) obtains the breech cover from and place it by the right wheel, and examines the aiming posts, aiming post lights, the right wheel and tire, and the collimator. NOTE To avoid damage to aiming posts when replacing them on the gun, the posts must be positioned properly in the canvas cover, and placed in the brackets with the cover flap outward and towards the front. (10) examines the staff sections, and the left wheel and tire. (11) , assisted by , examines the stores and sorts the ammunition. c. Assembly: (1) is on the handspike, the drawbar. (2) orders “CLOSE”, and the trails are closed. (3) locks the trails in the travelling position and replaces the handspike on the left trail. (4) and lock the axle locks in the travelling position. d. Hooking In: (1) On completion of their tasks, the detachment takes up position as follows: B-GL-371-008/FP-001 15 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 where he can see the detachment and direct the vehicle into the required position; and kneeling beside the gun wheels, facing the rear, on the right, on the left; and , , , and kneeling at the rear of the trails and facing the rear, in line with the lunette (odd numbers on the left, even numbers on the right, highest numbers nearest the lunette). (2) directs the vehicle into the required position, and orders “HOOK IN”. (3) orders “LIFT”. , , , and lift the trails. (4) rotates the drawbar to the travelling position. (5) and release the brakes and push on the shield as necessary, and the gun is hooked in. (6) locks the catch on the towing hook of the vehicle. (7) fits the cotter pin. (8) The detachment then takes up its position at detachment rear, calls for reports, then doubles to the CPO and reports any deficiencies and the ammunition state. TO COME INTO ACTION 16. Considerations: a. When the guns are brought into action, the order or signal “ACTION” will be given as the guns approach the selected position. Each gun platform B-GL-371-008/FP-001 16 will normally be marked by a flag or m brings the gun into action with the te mount directly over the marker. When are not marked, the responsibility for ch platform rests with . b. If the position is to be occupied by the i method, the guns will be halted under c to the gun position, and (and possibl be taken to the gun position. will be platform and will reconnoitre the route will then lead the gun into action as ord Gun Position Officer (GPO). c. Although equipment is designed to with use under service conditions, careful wo driver and detachment can greatly reduc of damage without loss of efficiency. CAUTION To reduce risk of an accident, no-one will walk back when moving the trails. d. If the ground is difficult, the GPO/CPO “NUMBER . DOUBLE-MAN NU Any may, at any time, order his deta assist another detachment. e. The signals shown in Figure 2-1 are use GPO/CPO and for controlling the m vehicles when coming into and out of a Voice control is the simplest method at B-GL-371-008/FP-001 Gun Drill arker, and lescope positions oosing the ndependent over close y ) will shown the to it. ered by the stand hard rk by the e the risk wards will order MBER”. chment to d by the ovement of ction. night. 17 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Ser Order Signal 1 "ACTION” The hands are clenched and the arms extended straight to the front of the body, facing the required bearing of fire. 2 “HALT” Either arm is raised vertically above the head. 3 “ADVANCE” faces the driver, extends the right arm to the front of the body, and brings the hand upwards and towards the face, bending the arm at the elbow. 4 “REVERSE” places both arms in front of the body with elbows bent, with palms upright and towards the driver. moves the forearms backward and forward as long as the reverse movement is required. 4 CHANGE DIRECTION. extends one arm, with the fist clenched, in line with the shoulder, in the direction in which the vehicle is to move. Figure 2-1: Signals for Controlling Vehicle Movement 17. Drill: a. The Approach: (1) Having received the order or signal “ACTION”, dismounts on approaching the gun platform. stands where he can see when the gun is in the required position, and can signal the driver that the gun has been unhooked. ’s position will normally be to the right front of the towing vehicle. (2) When the gun is in the required position, signals or orders “HALT” to the driver and orders “ACTION “. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 18 Gun Drill (3) The detachment dismounts. b. Unhooking: (1) and go to the rear of the shield, on the left and on the right. They apply the handbrakes, unlock the axle, and lock the axle locks in the firing position. (2) , , , and go to the trails, odd numbers on the right, even numbers on the left, and nearest the lunette. (3) removes the cotter pin from the towing hook, releases the towing hook and orders “LIFT”. The trails are lifted clear of the hook. then signals by raising his right arm, or reporting “CLEAR”. (4) signals “ADVANCE”. The vehicle is advanced 5 metres and halted. (5) rotates the drawbar to the firing position while the trails are supported by , and . (6) At ACTION REAR, orders “LOWER”, and the trails are lowered gently to the ground. (7) At ACTION RIGHT (LEFT, FRONT), orders “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”, and (or and ) move around the drawbar to avoid walking backwards, and the trails are moved in the direction ordered. and operate the handbrakes as required. When the gun is pointing in the direction ordered, orders “HALT, LOWER”, and the trails are lowered gently to the ground. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 19 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 c. Positioning: (1) unlocks the trails and fits the handspike into its socket. (2) and take up their positions, on the handspike and on the drawbar. orders “SPREAD”, and and spread the trails. (3) locks the right trail in the firing position and, assisted by , removes and places the breech cover by the right gun wheel, and unclamps the cradle. removes the muzzle cover and places it on the right axle; opens the breech, ensures that the sight scale is set to 300 and the elevation scale to zero; and uncovers and levels the bubbles. (4) locks the left trail in the firing position, and assists in removing the breech cover and unclamping the cradle lock strut. fits the panoramic telescope; ensures that the main scale, micrometer and gunner's aid are set to zero; and uncovers and levels the bubbles. d. Positioning Stores and Ammunition: (1) and remove the tool chest from the vehicle and place it 5 metres in rear of the left trail. (2) and unload the stores and ammunition from the vehicle and place them in a convenient position in rear of the left trail. (3) signals the vehicle to “DRIVE ON”, and the vehicle proceeds to the vehicle B-GL-371-008/FP-001 20 Gun Drill area under the supervision of the Troop Sergeant Major (TSM). (4) lays the loudspeaker cable, and takes the gun marker to the command post (CP). connects the cable to the speaker. (5) sets the respirator to achieve the correct buffer action during firing. Normal settings are: travelling and washing—0; low angle fire—0 or 1; and high angle fire—2 or 3. (6) prepares the collimator and aiming posts. e. Considerations: (1) On the completion of its tasks, the detachment takes up its position in action. (2) When guns are to be fired at high angle, recoil pits, at least 30 cm (12 inches) deep, will be prepared. After the gun is in the firing position, it will be elevated to maximum elevation, and a recoil pit, which will ensure sufficient clearance throughout the limits of traverse, will be dug. The pit should be covered with planking or filled with sandbags when engaged in low angle fire to facilitate the loading of equipment. POSITIONS IN ACTION 18. Drill: a. kneels in a position to best supervise the work of the detachment, usually in rear of, and close to, the right trail. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 21 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 b. stands to the right of the breech, close to and facing it, outside the trail. c. stands on the left of the gun, facing the front, and outside the trail. d. , , , and kneel 5 metres in rear of the left trail, and to the right of the tool box, nearest the tool box. e. The detachment stands as required to perform its duties. PASSAGE OF ORDERS 19. Considerations: a. The guns in action are numbered , , , etc. from right to left as viewed from the rear. In case of doubt, due to dispersed siting, the GPO will allot numbers. In all cases, these numbers stand throughout the action, regardless of the bearing in which the guns are laid. b. Orders will normally be passed and acknowledged through the loudspeaker system. If this fails, orders will be passed by voice and acknowledged as follows: (1) s that are visible from the CP shall raise one hand vertically above the head; and (2) s that are not visible from the CP shall report “NUMBER” ____ in succession from the right. c. When orders are being passed by voice, each will look towards the next on the side away from the CP, and will read back any orders which are not immediately acknowledged. If still fails B-GL-371-008/FP-001 22 Gun Drill to acknowledge, the order will be read back by the GPO. d. Repetition of an order will be requested, or attention will be called to omissions or obvious verbal errors, by use of “VERIFY ______,” e.g. “VERIFY BEARING”. e. will read back orders affecting the detachment, in a voice no louder than is necessary, only when the order has not been heard by the members concerned or when specially detailed in this manual. f. Reports from to the GPO will be acknowledged by the GPO raising one hand vertically above the head, or by ordering “DOWN (NUMBER OF GUN(S))”. g. Orders from the GPO always take precedence over reports from . TO DIRECT THE MOVEMENT OF THE TRAILS NOTE Figure 2-2 shows the signals used for directing the movement of the trails. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 23 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Ser Order Signal Action 1 “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)” Arm extended towards the rear; palm of the hand turned in the direction required. and move trails in the direction indicated until the HALT signal is given. 2 “HALT” Fist clenched. and stop the movement and remain at the trails. 3 “TAKE POST” Sharp tap on the buttock with the palm of the hand. and steady the trails until the brakes have been applied, then take up positions in action. Figure 2-2: Signals for Directing Movement of the Trails TO MOVE THE TRAILS 20. Considerations: a. When the gun is first laid in the centre of arc (C of A), the traversing gear should be approximately central. Thereafter it should not be necessary to move the trails unless the traverse becomes expended. b. When considers that the movement of the trails is necessary, he will order “TAKE POST TO LAY”. If the trails are embedded, must first order “RUN UP”. c. Due to uneven ground or the gun being on a slope, it may be necessary to brake one wheel, e.g. if the trails are to be moved right, may order “LEFT BRAKE ON: TRAILS RIGHT”. 21. Drill: B-GL-371-008/FP-001 24 Gun Drill a. On the order “TAKE POST TO LAY”, centres the traverse, if necessary. b. and release the handbrakes. c. and take up their positions on the handspike and drawbar, respectively. d. On the signal or order “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”, and move the trails in the required direction. e. On the signal or order “TAKE POST”, and apply the handbrakes. The then takes up its position in action. TO RUN UP 22. Considerations: a. The following drill is used for clearing the spades, either at coming out of action, or when the limits of traverse have been exceeded and the equipment must be re-laid in a bearing beyond the limits of the traversing handwheel. b. If the gun is loaded, must order “MAKE SAFE” before ordering “RUN UP”. c. If the ground is difficult, the GPO, section commander, or may order “DOUBLE MAN NUMBER ”. 23. Drill: a. On the order “RUN UP”, brings the traverse to centre. b. and release the handbrakes. c. and take up positions beside the right and left wheels respectively, and push on the shield. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 25 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 d. and on the drawbar, and and on the handspike, heave upwards and forwards. e. coordinates their efforts by ordering “TOGETHER: HEAVE”. f. orders “TAKE POST TO LAY” or “CEASE FIRING”, as applicable, when the spades are clear. g. and apply the brakes if “CEASE FIRING” has been ordered. TO LAY IN THE CENTRE OF ARC 24. Considerations: a. During training, before detailing the drill of this and subsequent sections, the instructor will ensure that members who are to perform the duties of , and are familiar with the drill for sight setting and laying as detailed in Chapter 4. b. The GPO ensures that the original bearing to all guns is in the direction ordered. This direction, from which all subsequent bearings are measured, is known as the C of A. c. When the individual angle method is to be used, and if the passage of orders by voice is likely to be difficult, the GPO will either: (1) order runners to be sent from each detachment to the director (the drill as described previously, except that all orders and reports will be written and will not call back angles to the GPO); or (2) pass the angles to the guns through the loudspeaker system (the drill as described previously, calling the angles back to the GPO through the loudspeaker). B-GL-371-008/FP-001 26 Gun Drill d. When the individual angle method is being used, and if time permits, the GPO will read back the measurement of the angle to each panoramic telescope once has reported “NUMBER FINISHED WITH DIRECTOR”. This repetition will eliminate errors due to the movement of the panoramic telescope during laying. If the GPO finds that the original angle remains correct, he will order “NUMBER : RECORD AT ”. If a new angle is required, the GPO will order this angle, and the drill as described previously will be repeated. 25. Drill: a. Individual Angle Method: (1) On the order from the GPO “AIMING POINT DIRECTOR. NUMBER ” (angle in mils), reads back to the GPO the angle ordered. If the repetition is incorrect, the GPO orders the correct angle again; if the repetition is correct, the GPO will acknowledge. (2) sets the angle ordered on the main scale of the panoramic telescope. (3) checks the setting and orders “TAKE POST TO LAY”. (4) directs the movement of the trails until the gun is roughly laid in its bearing. (5) On the signal or order “TAKE POST”, the drill is carried out; lays on the director, reports “ON”, and checks lay. (6) When laid, reports to the GPO “NUMBER : FINISHED WITH DIRECTOR”. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 27 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 b. During a Night Occupation (when aiming posts are already planted): (1) Having received the angle to the aiming posts from the GPO, sets the angle ordered on the main scale of the panoramic telescope. (2) checks the setting and orders “TAKE POST TO LAY”. (3) directs the movement of the trails until the gun is laid roughly in its bearing. (4) On the signal or order “TAKE POST”, the drill is carried out. (5) lays on the aiming posts making due allowance for displacement. (6) When the gun is laid, immediately records C of A. c. During a Night Occupation (when aiming posts have not been planted): (1) Having received the first angle to the director from the GPO, sets it on the main scale of the panoramic telescope. (2) checks the setting and orders “TAKE POST TO LAY”. (3) directs the movement of the trails until the gun is laid roughly in its bearing. (4) On the signal or order “TAKE POST”, the drill is carried out. (5) lays on the director, reports “ON”, checks lay and, if necessary, illuminates B-GL-371-008/FP-001 28 Gun Drill the panoramic telescope by means of a flashlight shining through the eyepiece. (6) When the gun is laid, reports to the CP through the loudspeaker, “NUMBER : FINISHED WITH DIRECTOR”. d. Aiming Point Method: (1) On the order from the GPO, “AIMING POINT”, doubles to the GPO, ascertains the aiming point, and then doubles back to the gun. (2) The GPO orders the angle to the aiming point and sets it on the main scale of the panoramic telescope. (3) checks the setting and orders “TAKE POST TO LAY”. directs the movement of the trails until the gun is laid roughly in its bearing. (4) On the signal or order “TAKE POST”, the drill is carried out. (5) lays on the aiming point. e. Passing Parallel Line. Passing and receiving parallel line from one gun to another is used when a gun cannot see the director or vice versa. The drill involves passing an angle from a gun that has been laid in the C of A to a gun which could not observe or be observed from the director. (1) The GPO will order “NUMBER , PASS PARALLEL LINE TO NUMBER ”. (2) orders to turn the head of the panoramic telescope onto the telescope of the receiving gun. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 29 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (3) checks the lay, opens the index door, notes the reading on the main scale and orders to read. (4) reads aloud the main scale reading and if they agree, adds or subtracts 3200 mils from the reading and passes the resulting angle to the receiving gun, e.g. “NUMBER FOUR LAY ON NUMBER ONE AT 3245”. (5) The of the receiving gun will read back the angle and lay the gun in the C of A. TO RECORD CENTRE OF ARC 26. Considerations: a. The GPO will order the original bearing to be recorded as C of A. Three independent records will be made as follows: (1) a record of the main scale reading to Gun Aiming Point (GAP) 1; (2) a record of the main scale reading to GAP 2; and (3) a record of the bearing of the C of A ordered by the GPO. b. will select GAPs in the following priority: (1) by day: collimator, aiming posts, close GAP, and distant GAP; and (2) by night: collimator, aiming posts with TRI-LUX lights, and night picket. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 30 Gun Drill c. As soon as all three records have been completed, will report to the GPO “NUMBER _____ RECORDED”. d. If fire orders are received before the C of A has been recorded, the GPO will normally order "DEFER SECOND RECORD". will then report “NUMBER RECORDED”, as soon as the detail of sub-subparagraphs a(1) and a(3) have been completed and checked. When the record described in sub-subparagraph a(2) has been deferred in this way, will complete this record at the earliest opportunity without further orders from the GPO. e. After the C of A has been recorded, will direct planting a marker in the C of A in front of the gun. This marker will be used as an aid in measuring bearings, and as a means of checking that the gun is at all times laid at the correct bearing. will point out GAPs 1 and 2 and the C of A marker to all detachment members. f. The records of the C of A will stand until cancelled by a subsequent order from the GPO, e.g. “RECORD AT ”. g. The original bearing in which the guns are laid may be altered by the GPO by ordering a fresh bearing, e.g. “BEARING : RECORD AT ”. On the latter order, will lay on the GAP at the bearing ordered. The C of A marker will be moved to correctly reflect the bearing C of A in which all guns are recorded. h. In both cases will order previous records erased, and the drill as described above will be carried out with the gun laid in the new C of A ordered. i. During the laying of the gun in the C of A, and the recording of C of A, both the longitudinal and cross level bubbles of the telescope mount must be B-GL-371-008/FP-001 31 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 central, and the gunner's aid must be at zero. The setting of the elevating knob of the panoramic telescope and the elevation of the gun does not affect the accuracy of this drill. j. Under no circumstances will amend the C of A record without orders from the GPO. Should it be obvious to that the C of A record is wrong, will report the fact to the GPO, who will arrange for a check, and order a new record made. 27. Drill for Recording C of A: a. On the order “RECORD AT ”, turns the panoramic telescope onto the selected GAP 1. b. records the ordered bearing on the record plate. c. orders “LOOK: READ”. d. identifies GAP 1 by looking through and over the telescope, reads the main scale, and records the reading on the record plate. e. While is recording this angle, ensures that the gunner's aid is set to 0, slips the slipping scale to the bearing ordered, and checks that the telescope is still laid on GAP 1. then reads the main scale, checks 's record, and turns the telescope onto the selected GAP 2. f. orders “LOOK: READ”. g. identifies GAP 2 by looking through and over the telescope, reads the main scale, and records the reading on the record plate. h. reads the main scale, and checks 's record. i. orders GAP 1. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 32 Gun Drill j. turns the panoramic telescope onto GAP 1. reports the main scale reading, closes the index door, and reports the bearing on the slipping scale. ensures that these readings agree with the records on the record plate; if they do not takes the necessary steps to correct them, and then reports to the GPO “NUMBER _____ RECORDED”. TO RECORD CENTRE OF ARC AT NIGHT NOTE For laying by night see appropriate heading. TO PLANT AIMING POSTS 28. Considerations: a. To reduce the danger of aiming posts becoming obscured by the muzzle, they should be planted to the left front or right rear of the gun. b. will order “AIMING POSTS FRONT (OR REAR)”. c. To reduce risk of confusion, aiming posts should be planted alternately to the left front and right rear of the guns. d. When aiming posts are to be planted, should indicate to where the near post will be planted. The distance from the gun to the near post should be approximately 50 metres; however, the distance from the gun to the near post should equal that from the near post to the far post, regardless of distance. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 33 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 e. Radiation Safety. See Annex I regarding hazards from instruments such as TRI-LUX lights which have radioactive light sources. 29. Signals. Figure 2-3 shows the signals used by , their meanings, and the action to be taken by . Ser Order and Signal Action by 1 “MOVE IN THE DIRECTION INDICATED”. The right arm is extended upwards to the right, or the left arm extended upwards to the left, the palm of the hand in the direction required. holds the post upright, clear of the body, and moves in the direction indicated, continuing until the “HALT”. 2 “HALT”. Arm dropped. halts and allows the post to slip through the fingers until the point rests on the ground. 3 “PLANT”. Both arms dropped from above the head. presses the point firmly into the ground, ensures that the post is upright, and then steps clear. 4 “MOVE TOP OF POST IN DIRECTION INDICATED”. Both arms extended above the head and moved laterally in the direction required. moves the top of the post in the direction indicated, continuing until the “HALT” signal is given. ensures that the post is firmly planted and then steps clear. 5 “PICK UP”. Both arms extended to the front and raised upwards. pulls the post out of the ground and awaits further signals. 6 “COME IN”. Body turned in the direction required. Both arms extended above the head and lowered in the direction required. When at the far post, doubles to the near post; when at the near post, doubles back to his position in action. Figure 2-3: Signals Used by for Planting Aiming Posts B-GL-371-008/FP-001 34 Gun Drill 30. Drill: a. On the order “RECORD AT ” will order “AIMING POSTS FRONT (REAR)”. obtains the aiming posts and doubles to a position about 50 metres in front (or rear) of the gun as indicated by , and, as closely as can be judged, in the line indicated. plants the first aiming post, then doubles a further equal distance with the second post, and lines it up with the panoramic telescope and near aiming post. b. faces the gun and awaits further instructions from . As soon as has planted the near aiming post, turns the panoramic telescope accurately onto it. then directs the planting of the far post exactly in line with the near one. c. signals to come in to the near post, to straighten it if necessary, and then signals to come in. d. checks the alignment and ensures that the gunner's aid is set to zero. e. and then complete the drill for recording C of A, using the aiming posts. TO PLANT AIMING POSTS DURING A NIGHT OCCUPATION 31. Considerations: a. During a night occupation, the C of A is recorded by: (1) collimator; (2) two aiming posts with TRI-LUX lights; and B-GL-371-008/FP-001 35 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (3) night picket. b. The GPO orders the C of A to be recorded by ordering “RECORD AT ”. c. To reduce the possibility of confusion, guns should alternate the color arrangement of lights on their posts. d. The light on the far post should be adjusted to appear above the light on the near post. To accomplish this, it may be necessary to remove the top section of the near post. 32. Drill. On the order “RECORD AT ”: a. obtains the aiming posts and proceeds to a point 50 metres to the front/rear of the gun as directed by . plants the first aiming post, fits the appropriate light, and turns the light so that it is facing the gun. b. lays the graticule of the panoramic telescope on the light of the first post and, as a signal to , momentarily turns the panoramic telescope light OFF. c. On this signal, turns the light through 3200 mils and proceeds a further distance equal to the first interval. lines up the second post with the light on the near post and the light in the panoramic telescope. then fits the other light, ensures that it is facing the gun, and returns to the near post, rotating the light on the near post so that it is facing the gun. d. checks the alignment and ensures that the gunner's aid is set to zero. e. and then complete the drill for recording C of A. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 36 Gun Drill TO CHECK BEARING 33. Considerations: a. The aim of the following drill is to ensure that the gun is parallel to the director. b. The drill should be carried out: (1) as soon as possible after the C of A has been recorded; (2) as soon as possible after the spades are embedded by firing; (3) before the beginning of a fire plan; (4) at least once daily; (5) at first light following a night occupation; and (6) when an error in bearing has occurred which cannot otherwise be detected. c. The drill is accomplished by checking the guns at the nearest 100 mils to the current bearing. It is carried out by the GPO using the director. 34. Drill: a. On the order “CHECK BEARING. AIMING POINT DIRECTOR. CANCEL CONVERGE. BEARING ” (to the nearest 100 mils), sets the gunner's aids to zero, sets the bearing and lays on the GAP in use. checks and turns the panoramic telescope onto the director. b. checks the lay and notes the reading on the main scale and micrometer. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 37 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 c. orders “READ”. reads the main scale and micrometer, and reports to as a check. d. On the order “NUMBER ”, (gun) reports the reading “NUMBER , ______”, (angle read) and the GPO reads back the angle. e. If the repetition is correct, acknowledges. If the repetition is incorrect, reports the angle again. f. When the angle reported by is correct the GPO orders “NUMBER ______ CORRECT”. g. will order to lay on GAP 1. h. When the angle reported by is incorrect: (1) the GPO orders “NUMBER , (gun)”, (new angle). This new angle will cause the guns to be laid correctly in the current bearing of fire; (2) reads back the angle to the GPO, and if the repetition is correct the GPO orders “NUMBER (gun) , RECORD AT ______” (current bearing); (3) at the conclusion of the check, the GPO will give the necessary orders for relaying the guns on the last target or the Final Protective Fire (FPF) task as applicable; and (4) the C of A marker will not be moved unless a new C of A has been ordered for all guns. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 38 Gun Drill TO MEASURE THE ANGLE OF SIGHT TO A CREST 35. Consideration. Immediately after the guns are in action, the GPO may require reports on the vertical angle from each gun to any crest visible from the gun position. 36. Drill: a. On the order “MEASURE ANGLE TO CREST”, assisted by and will lay on the crest indicated by sighting along the bottom of the bore. b. then sets the sight scale to 300 mils, cross levels, and, by means of the elevation knob, brings the longitudinal bubble into the centre of its run. c. reads the angle on the elevation scale and reports to the GPO “NUMBER (gun) ANGLE TO CREST ”. TO LOAD 37. Considerations: a. General: (1) The gun will not be loaded without the order “LOAD” from , except when engaging tanks (see Chapter 3). (2) When a cartridge only is to be loaded, will order “CARTRIDGE ONLY: LOAD”. b. Rules. will observe the following rules of fire discipline in deciding when to order “LOAD”: (1) Rules applicable when impact fuzes have been ordered: B-GL-371-008/FP-001 39 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (a) A gun is initially loaded as soon as a method of adjustment or method of fire for effect (FFE) has been ordered for that gun. (b) In adjustment, only the guns ordered to ADJUST FIRE are loaded. (c) Throughout adjustment, the adjusting gun(s) will be reloaded on receipt of an elevation or the order LOAD from the GPO. (d) Guns will not be loaded sooner than is necessary to maintain the rate of fire ordered. After an order for FFE has been carried out, guns will not be reloaded until the GPO orders a new method of adjustment or FFE. (2) Rules applicable when time or CVT fuzes have been ordered: (a) No gun will be initially loaded until a method of adjustment or orders for FFE have been ordered for that gun, together with a fuze setting. (b) Once having loaded, guns will be reloaded as follows: during adjustment the adjusting gun(s) will be reloaded immediately after the fuze setting and elevation for each succeeding round have been ordered. (c) During FFE the guns will not be reloaded sooner than is B-GL-371-008/FP-001 40 Gun Drill necessary to maintain the rate of fire ordered. (3) Rules applicable when time fuzes have been ordered: (a) When the order “FUZE, M , IMPACT” is received, the rules for impact fuzes are followed, fuzes being set to safe. (b) When the order “TIME” is given, the rules for time fuzes are followed, fuzes being set to burst in the air. c. Ammunition: (1) The preparation of ammunition is described in B-GL-371-009/FP-001, Field Artillery, Handbook of Equipment and Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer. (2) Throughout a fire mission, unless a specific number of rounds have been ordered, six ready rounds will be available. (3) When time fuzes are ordered, fuzes will be set only on those rounds which are included in the method of adjustment or method of FFE, as follows: (a) fuzes are set by ; (b) checks the setting of every round before it is loaded, and when ammunition has been prepared in advance, ensures that the round is taken from the correct stack. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 41 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (4) Except when engaging tanks the procedure is as follows: (a) checks every cartridge before it is loaded by receiving the excluded charges from the loading number to ensure that the proper bags are enclosed; (b) periodically checks the bore for residue and deposit on the chamber wall, and orders it cleaned when necessary. (5) should ensure that the gun is not left loaded while the gun is hot. If orders are received which will result in this reports “NUMBER (gun) LOADED: GUN HOT”. (A gun is considered hot when it is painful to touch the barrel.) (6) As soon as the ammunition is ordered, prepares the rounds for loading. (7) Fuzes are not set until the method of adjustment or FFE for that gun has been ordered. (8) sets CVT, time and impact fuzes to the setting ordered. (9) adjusts the charge to the charge ordered. (10) , and load the gun on the orders of . (11) If difficulty is experienced in closing the breech after the cartridge has been loaded, the loading number obtains the extracting and ramming tool, and endeavours to B-GL-371-008/FP-001 42 Gun Drill force the cartridge home. Should this fail, orders “UNLOAD”. (12) On no account will an attempt be made to drive the cartridge home. (13) If a gun is loaded with other than the type of ammunition ordered, will so report, e.g. “NUMBER (gun) LOADED WP”. The GPO orders “UNLOAD”, or issues orders as to the disposal of the wrong ammunition. 38. Drill: a. Loading Drill with Impact Fuzes: (1) When the ammunition is ordered, prepares rounds for the charge ordered. (2) , alternating with and , carries a prepared round and excluded charges to the gun to be loaded. The loading number takes up the loading position beside the left trail, halfway between the spade and breech, facing the breech, and clear of recoil. (3) At the appropriate moment orders “LOAD”. (4) The loading number hands the excluded charges to and calls out “CHARGE ____.” checks the fuze setting. (5) orders “CORRECT” if the round is correct. holds the excluded charge bags for that round until the round is fired, and then throws the bags over the right trail. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 43 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (6) orders “WRONG: CHARGE ” if the charge is incorrect, and the next loading number brings a correct round forward. The incorrect round is returned to for correction. (7) The loading number, holding the round in the hollow of the left arm, inserts the nose of the projectile into the breech. With the right hand clenched and positioned at the base of the cartridge, the loading number pushes the round home. (8) closes the breech with the left hand. b. Loading Drill with CVT or Time Fuzes: (1) checks the fuze setting of the projectile and reports “CORRECT” or “WRONG: FUZE ”. If the fuze setting is not correct, the next loading number brings a correct round forward, and the incorrect round is returned to for correction. (2) orders “LOAD” and the gun is loaded. TO UNLOAD 39. Considerations: a. When a change of charge, or END OF MISSION is ordered after the gun has been loaded, orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD”. b. In the case of a change of charge, then orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”, unless the complete round has been extracted, when orders “LOAD”. c. If, on extraction, the projectile remains in the bore and “END OF MISSION” has been ordered, B-GL-371-008/FP-001 44 Gun Drill orders waste to be stuffed into the chamber and the breech closed. d. When “MISFIRE” is reported, the drill for misfires must be followed. A projectile must not be left in the bore when the gun is hot. 40. Drill: a. For Unloading the Cartridge Only: (1) On the order from “CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD”, opens the breech, taking care not to eject the cartridge violently. (2) A loading number receives the round, or cartridge, and returns it to . (3) If the cartridge only is ejected, checks that the complete cartridge has been removed and orders “CHARGE ______ CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”. (4) In the case of “END OF MISSION”, and the projectile remains in the bore, orders waste stuffed into the breech. closes the breech. b. For Unloading the Complete Round: (1) On the order from “UNLOAD”, opens the breech taking care not to eject the cartridge violently. A loading number receives the round (or cartridge) and returns it to . If the projectile remains in the bore, depresses the gun to the horizontal. (2) Waste is stuffed into the chamber and the breech is closed. assembles the rammer and staff, inserts the assembly B-GL-371-008/FP-001 45 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 into the barrel until the cup encloses the fuze or until it comes in contact with the projectile. , assisted by , pushes and, if necessary, taps the assembly lightly until the projectile is dislodged. A loading number receives the projectile and returns it to . TO LAY 41. Considerations: a. The detailed drill for sight setting is given in Chapter 4, which describes detachment duties for each of the different methods of laying. b. Indirect laying with the range quadrant is the normal method and is used unless otherwise ordered. c. The complete orders and action for laying the gun for the first round of a fire mission are given in Figure 2-5. For subsequent rounds, only a few of these orders will be necessary. d. When the trails are embedded, they should not be moved if the target is within the scope of the top traverse. e. ensures that the gun is always laid at the correct bearing and elevation. As a rough check therefore measures all bearings from the C of A marker by extending the arm to its full length and, using the hand, measuring angles (see Figure 2-4). f. reports the actual setting of the sight and elevation scales, whenever the settings are changed, by reporting “GUN CORRECTION (OR ELEVATION) ”. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 46 Gun Drill g. examines the setting of the panoramic telescope, elevation scale, and sight scale whenever he considers it necessary. h. determines the exact settings, or alternatives to settings, to be applied to the sights in all cases when these settings are not ordered by the GPO, e.g.: (1) Elevations. When laying with the range quadrant, applies the gun correction to the sight scale and the elevation to the range quadrant scale. When laying with the gunner's quadrant, applies the correction for index error to the elevation ordered and sets the resulting elevation on the gunner's quadrant. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 47 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Figure 2-4: Approximate Angular Values for an Average Hand (2) Fuze Setting. applies the fuze correction to all subsequent fuze settings, and orders the exact fuze setting to . i. When the gun is not loaded until and have completed the lay, they will relay. 42. Drill: a. Normal Indirect Laying. For normal indirect laying sequence see Figure 2-5. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 48 Gun Drill Ser Order Action 1 “CONVERGE” moves the gunner's aid the number of mils ordered. 2 “BEARING” sets the bearing ordered on the panoramic telescope and lays for bearing. checks the bearing by measuring from the C of A. 3 “GUN CORRECTION” sets the angle ordered on the sight scale and reads back the actual setting on the scale: “GUN CORRECTION _______________”. 4 “ELEVATION” sets the elevation ordered on the elevation scale and reads the setting: “GUN CORRECTION _______________”. lays for elevation. lays for bearing when all apparent motion of the gun has ceased, and reports “ON”. makes final adjustments and reports “READY”. Figure 2-5: Normal Indirect Laying Sequence b. Indirect Laying Using the Gunner's Quadrant. For indirect laying sequence using the gunner's quadrant see Figure 2-6. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 49 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Ser Order Action 1 “CONVERGE ______” moves the gunner's aid the number of mils ordered. 2 “BEARING ______” sets the bearing on the panoramic telescope and lays for bearing. measures the bearing using the C of A marker. 3 “QUADRANT LAYING ______” obtains the gunner's quadrant. cleans the breech levelling plate. 4 “ELEVATION ______” applies the correction for index error to the elevation ordered and sets in on the gunner's quadrant. then hands the quadrant to . reads the setting to and hands it back. holds the quadrant on the breech levelling plates with the words "line of fire" at the bottom and the arrow pointing towards the muzzle. lays for elevation. lays for bearing and when all apparent motion of the gun has ceased, reports “ON”. makes final adjustments and reports “READY”. removes the quadrant from the breech. Figure 2-6: Indirect Laying Sequence Using the Gunner's Quadrant c. Open Action. This type of laying may be carried out using either the normal two-man, two-sight method or the one-man lay method. The differences are described below: B-GL-371-008/FP-001 50 Gun Drill (1) Two-Man, Two-Sight Method. lays for bearing and lays for elevation in the normal indirect manner (see Figure 2-7). (2) One-man Lay Method. lays for both bearing and range (see Figure 2-8). d. Anti-tank Drill (Two-man, Two-sight Method). lays for bearing and lays for range, using the elbow telescope (see Chapter 3). e. To Change from Direct to Indirect Laying During a Fire Mission: (1) When engaging a target by direct fire (one-man lay method), the need may arise to change to indirect fire. (2) Drill: On the order “INDIRECT”, turns the panoramic telescope onto a GAP; identifies the GAP by looking through and over the telescope; slips the slipping scale to zero; and lay as for indirect laying. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 51 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Ser Order Action 1 “FIRE MISSION GUNS (number of guns): OPEN ACTION” sets the main scale and the elevation index and micrometer of the rotating head to zero. cross levels the mount. checks the settings and slips the slipping scale to zero. sets the sight scale to 300 and the elevation scale to zero. 2 “REFERENCE POINT: BEARING ______” sets the bearing ordered (on the slipping scale) and lays on the reference point, using the reference point as a GAP. C of A is not recorded. 3 “GUN CORRECTION ______” “ELEVATION ______”. sets the angle ordered on the sight scale. sets the elevation ordered on the elevation scale and reads back the setting: “ELEVATION ” . then lays for elevation. 4 “BEARING ______ or BEARING RIGHT (LEFT) ______”. Corrections to bearing are applied by . Bearings right (or left) may be ordered if no confusion can arise. Figure 2-7: Two-man, Two-sight Method—Sequence of Laying B-GL-371-008/FP-001 52 Gun Drill Ser Order Action 1 “DIRECT LAYING. ONE MAN LAY” sets the main scale and the elevation index and micrometer of the rotating head to zero. matches the indices on the actuating arm and rocker, and on the end of the elevation worm of the telescope mount, by means of the elevation knob, and clamps them in position. cross levels the mount and covers the longitudinal level vial. checks the settings and slips the slipping scale to zero. 2 “REFERENCE POINT ______”. “RIGHT (LEFT) ______”. “DESCRIPTION OF TARGET” directs the gun at the target by ordering “TRAVERSE RIGHT (LEFT)” or by movement of the trails if necessary, ordering “ON” when the gun is directed at the target. satisfies himself that he has recognized the target. 3 “RIGHT (LEFT) ______” (if necessary) sets the correction to the target on the slipping scale of the panoramic telescope. 4 “RANGE ______” reads back the range, lays the correct range line of the reticle on the target, lays, and reports “READY”. Figure 2-8: One-man Lay Method—Sequence of Laying TO MEASURE THE QUADRANT ELEVATION 43. Consideration. During a fire mission, the need may arise to change to laying by gunner's quadrant. The GPO will order “QUADRANT LAYING: REPORT QE". The angle measured will B-GL-371-008/FP-001 53 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 include the correction for index error. Therefore, must add/subtract the index error from the measured elevation before reporting it to the GPO. 44. Drill: a. On the order “QUADRANT LAYING: REPORT QE”, and lay at the last bearing and elevation ordered. b. places the gunner's quadrant on the levelling plates of the breech ring and centres the bubble by moving the arm and micrometer. then reads the setting and passes the quadrant to . c. reads and calls out the setting as a check. d. adds/subtracts the index error from the reading and reports the resulting angle as “NUMBER ____ QE ______”. TO FIRE 45. Considerations a. The gun will not be fired without the order “NUMBER (gun) FIRE” from , except when engaging tanks (after the first anti-tank round has been fired on the order from ), or when the sentry fires the gun on an FPF task. b. Before ordering the gun fired, must be satisfied that his turn to fire has come, the gun is ready, the detachment is clear of recoil, and the trajectory will clear any crest or obstacle, such as a tree or camouflage, close to the front of the gun. If clearance is in doubt, will satisfy himself that the trajectory will clear such objects by looking along the top of the barrel for bearing and along the bottom of the bore for elevation. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 54 Gun Drill c. The opening round of a fire mission will not be fired until the GPO has ordered the method of adjustment or the order “FIRE FOR EFFECT”. d. When “AT MY COMMAND” is in force, the order to fire must come from the GPO. e. “AT MY COMMAND” remains in force until a new fire mission is ordered, or “CANCEL AT MY COMMAND” is given. When “AT MY COMMAND” is in force and the order “FIRE FOR EFFECT” includes more than one round, the order “FIRE” authorizes all rounds specified to be fired without further orders. f. Whenever the executive order to fire must come from the GPO, orders “NUMBER (gun) ”, and then reports the gun ready, by raising one arm if he is visible from the command post, or by reporting “NUMBER READY” if he is not visible. g. After the opening round of a fire mission, and when “AT MY COMMAND” is not in force, orders the gun fired as follows: (1) During Adjustment. Each elevation is the order for of the adjusting gun to fire as soon as the gun is ready. When “___ GUNS (NUMBER OF GUNS) OR BATTERY RIGHT (LEFT) ADJUST FIRE” is ordered, guns fire one round in succession from the right (left) as ordered. If no interval is given the standard five seconds will be used. This order should be coupled with AT MY COMMAND to ensure that all guns are ready. (2) At FFE. Each gun independently fires the number of rounds ordered, B-GL-371-008/FP-001 55 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 ordering “FIRE” as soon as the gun is ready unless an interval is given. h. Interval. The interval is ordered in seconds, e.g. “ELEVATION 350: THREE ROUNDS FIRE FOR EFFECT, 60 SECONDS” or “ELEVATION 350: _____ GUNS RIGHT ADJUST FIRE, 10 SECONDS”. (1) At FFE the interval is the time between the firing of individual rounds by any one gun. (2) At battery right (left) adjust fire, the interval is the time between the firing of one gun and the next gun. 46. Drill: a. orders “NUMBER (gun) ” shortly before his turn to fire. b. stands facing inwards and grasps the handle of the firing lanyard with the right hand. c. stands facing the front. d. The loading number kneels clear of recoil. e. The remainder of the detachment kneel at their positions in action. f. At the appropriate moment orders “FIRE”. g. pulls the firing lanyard with the right hand, and opens the breech with the left hand. (Care should be taken when firing at high angles with extreme left traverse.) B-GL-371-008/FP-001 56 Gun Drill MISFIRES 47. Considerations: a. This drill is designed to disclose the cause of failure to fire and to indicate the correct immediate remedy. When this remedy is of a temporary nature, at the first opportunity carries out a full examination and ensures that the defect is corrected. In the case of defective ammunition places the defective component at a safe distance from the gun and, at the earliest opportunity, notifies the GPO. b. Throughout the misfire drill, the detachment must remain clear of the path of recoil. The detachment and any cartridges must also be clear of the line of possible flash when the breech is opened. c. Failures to fire can be divided into two main classes depending on whether or not the firing lock has been tripped. (1) If the Firing Lock Has Not Been Tripped. The probable causes, the immediate remedies and the subsequent action where necessary are as follows: (a) The Gun is Set at Safe — opens the breech sufficiently to clear the firing shaft, allows it to move forward, and closes the breech. (b) The Breech is Not Fully Closed— closes the breech. (c) The Gun Has Not Fully Counter- Recoiled— sets the gun to safe. ensures that the arm on the firing shaft is behind the trigger shaft. If the gun cannot B-GL-371-008/FP-001 57 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 be set to safe, orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY UNLOAD”. sets the respirator to a larger opening. If this does not remedy the fault, the gun must be taken out of action. (d) Defective Firing Gear— fits the spare firing lock or orders “EMERGENCY FIRING”. (2) If the Firing Lock Has Been Tripped. The gun is said to have misfired when the firing lock has been tripped twice and the gun has failed to fire twice. Due to the danger of a hangfire, a pause of one minute (30 minutes for blank) is then made before the breech is opened to investigate the cause. The probable causes, the immediate remedies, and subsequent actions, when necessary, are as follows: (a) Primer Not Fairly Struck—this fault is due to a broken or worn firing pin. fits the spare firing lock, and at the first opportunity examines the firing lock and fits a new firing pin. (b) Primer Fairly Struck— orders “LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”, as applicable, and places the defective cartridge clear of all personnel. At the first opportunity, examines the cartridge to determine: i If the Primer Has Not Fired—this may be due to a B-GL-371-008/FP-001 58 Gun Drill defective primer or insufficient striking force. If the fault recurs, insufficient striking force is indicated and fits the spare firing lock. At the first opportunity, cleans the breech and firing mechanism and its recess, including the firing hole. ii. If the Primer Has Fired—the failure of the primer to ignite the charge indicates either defective propellant or defective primer. places the defective component at a safe distance from the gun and at the earliest opportunity, notifies the GPO. d. As soon as the gun is again ready, reports "READY" to the GPO, or fires without further orders as follows: (1) If gun programs are in use, orders the correct bearing and elevation for the time at which he is ready, and continues the program. Rounds detailed for the time that the gun is out of action will not be fired. (2) See Figure 2-9 for a summary of causes of misfires. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 59 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 Failure to fireLock has not trippedLock has trippedGun setat safeGun notfullycounter-recoiledBreech notfullyclosedDefectivefiringgearPrimernotfairlystruckPrimerfairlystruckPrimernot firedPrimer firedExcessive orheavy oilBroken orworn firing pinInsufficientforce of blowFigure 2-9: Summary of Causes of Misfires 48. Drill: a. If the gun fails to fire, and the firing lock has not been tripped, ensures that the gun is not set to safe, the breech is fully closed, the firing gear is not defective, and the gun is in full counter-recoil B-GL-371-008/FP-001 60 Gun Drill position. If any of the above is found to be incorrect, action is taken to correct it, and again pulls the lanyard. b. If the gun fails to fire, and the firing lock has been tripped, immediately pulls the firing lanyard a second time. If the gun again fails to fire, reports to the GPO “NUMBER (gun): MISFIRE”. c. After reporting “MISFIRE”, observes the regulation pause of one minute (30 minutes in the case of blank ammunition), and then orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD”. d. opens the breech carefully and accepts the cartridge (or round) and inspects the primer. (1) If the printer has been fairly struck orders “LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”, as applicable and sets the offending cartridge aside for later examination. (2) If the primer has not been fairly struck, returns the cartridge or round to a loading number and immediately orders the firing lock to be changed. then orders “LOAD” or “CARTRIDGE ONLY, LOAD”, as applicable. e. then reports “NUMBER (gun) READY” to the GPO, or orders “FIRE”, as applicable. TO RECORD A TARGET 49. Considerations: a. A record may be required from each gun which has engaged the target, giving complete details of the final data. The GPO orders the target recorded B-GL-371-008/FP-001 61 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 and includes the letters and number, e.g. “RECORD AS TARGET ZP 1234”. b. records the actual settings on the sights, the fuze and gunner's quadrant where applicable. c. A record is prepared by on a Target Record Form (see Figure 2-10). TARGET RECORD ( TO GPO) 1 Target Letter and Number ZP 1234 2 Number in Action 3 3 Shell HE 4 Fuze M557 5 Propellant Dual Gran 6 Charge 5 7 Bearing (on sight) 3316 8 Convergence R5 9 Gun Correction (angle on sight scale) 313 10 Fuze Setting Delay 11 Elevation (on sight or gunner's quadrant) 442 12 Index Error Correction --- Figure 2-10: 's Target Record 50. Drill: a. On the order “RECORD AS TARGET ”, of each gun that has fired during the fire mission inspects the ammunition and sights, and completes a target record form. b. then calls for reports of the relevant details from , and and compares these with his own record. Having corrected all discrepancies, sends the target record to the CP. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 62 Gun Drill TO CHECK FIRING 51. On the order “CHECK FIRING”, all work on the gun is continued, but the gun is not fired until the order “CANCEL CHECK FIRING” is received. TO STAND FAST 52. “STAND FAST” is only used in connection with safety. All action on the gun position will cease immediately and detachment members will stand motionless. The order is cancelled by “CANCEL STAND FAST”, which may only be given by the originator of the “STAND FAST” order. TO CEASE LOADING 53. After the order “CEASE LOADING”, no gun will be loaded until “CANCEL CEASE LOADING” or orders for a new fire mission are received. The detachment continues its duties and any guns previously loaded will be fired at the appropriate moment. TO MAKE SAFE 54. Considerations: a. The order “MAKE SAFE” is normally given by , but is also given by the GPO when guns are to be laid on their FPF task and left loaded. b. If the gun is loaded, must order “MAKE SAFE” under the following circumstances: (1) when the order “REST” is given; (2) when personnel are required to work in front of the gun, or in the path of recoil; (3) if it is necessary to move the trails; or B-GL-371-008/FP-001 63 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 (4) when ordered to “MAKE SAFE” by the GPO. c. “MAKE SAFE” is cancelled by orders for a new fire mission or “CANCEL MAKE SAFE”. 55. Drill a. On the order “MAKE SAFE” from , opens the breech sufficiently for the trigger shaft to clear the arm on the firing shaft, pulls the firing shaft to the rear by means of the firing lanyard, closes the breech, and releases the lanyard. b. inspects to ensure that the firing shaft is behind the trigger shaft. c. On the order “TAKE POST”, opens the breech sufficiently to clear the firing shaft and closes it. TO REST 56. Considerations: a. When the order “REST” is given, detachments remain at their guns ready to fire at short notice. of a gun ordered to rest does not acknowledge subsequent orders nor does the detachment follow up fire orders. “REST” is cancelled by “CANCEL REST” or by orders for a new fire mission. b. The guns must remain laid as last ordered. 57. Drill: a. On the order “REST”, orders “MAKE SAFE” if the gun is loaded. b. orders any necessary work to be carried out around the gun, and when the work is completed B-GL-371-008/FP-001 64 Gun Drill orders “NUMBER (gun): REST”. The detachment rest at its position in action. STAND EASY/END OF MISSION 58. Considerations: a. When the order “STAND EASY” or “END OF MISSION” is given, the detachments concerned are withdrawn from their guns to a position previously ordered by the GPO. of the detachment(s) concerned does not acknowledge subsequent orders. b. At “STAND EASY” will order any necessary work to be carried out. The gun must remain laid as last ordered. c. When laid on an FPF task, it may be necessary for the guns to remain loaded. In this case, the GPO must order “LOAD: MAKE SAFE” before ordering “STAND EASY”. d. “END OF MISSION” is cancelled by orders for a new fire mission. e. “STAND EASY” is cancelled by “TAKE POST” or by orders for a new fire mission. 59. Drill. On the order “END OF MISSION” or “STAND EASY”, orders “CARTRIDGE ONLY, UNLOAD” if the gun is loaded. orders any necessary work to be carried out around the gun. When completed, orders “DETACHMENT REAR”, marches the detachment to the stand easy position, and orders “FALL OUT”. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 65 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TO “TAKE POST” 60. Consideration. “TAKE POST” may be used by the GPO or when the detachment is required to resume their positions in action. “TAKE POST” is cancelled by “STAND EASY”. TO “PREPARE TO ADVANCE (OR WITHDRAW)” 61. The order “PREPARE TO ADVANCE (WITHDRAW)” is given as a warning that a move is anticipated. will order ammunition and stores not required for the immediate service of the gun to be repacked. Preparations for coming out of action will be made as far as possible. The guns must remain in action until “CEASE FIRING” is ordered. TO “EMPTY GUNS” 62. Considerations: a. On the order “EMPTY GUNS”, any guns already loaded will be laid at the last bearing and elevation ordered, and will be fired. The order “EMPTY GUNS” is in itself an order to fire, and no additional order is required if “AT MY COMMAND” is in force. Omission of this order need only be verified if the gun is loaded. b. As soon as the gun is empty, reports “NUMBER EMPTY”. c. Ammunition which has been removed from its container will be examined and if serviceable will be dealt with as follows: (1) Time Fuzes. Set to safe and reinsert pins. (2) Impact Fuzes. Set to quick. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 66 Gun Drill (3) VT Fuzes. Set to safe, and if applicable remove from projectiles and place in containers. (4) Cartridges. Make up to charge 7. d. Unserviceable ammunition will be set aside and its condition reported to the GPO. e. The following ammunition is unserviceable, and will not be fired or replaced in the vehicle under any circumstances: (1) fuzes which cannot be set to safe or quick; and (2) projectiles from which VT fuzes cannot be removed. f. At practice, defective ammunition will be set aside for examination by an ammunition technical officer. g. During operations, defective ammunition will be dumped and clearly marked. h. The preparation of ammunition for return to the vehicle is described in B-GL-306-015/MS-001, Field Artillery, Volume 15, Handbook of Equipment and Ammunition, 105 mm Howitzer C1. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 67 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 TO “CEASE FIRING” AND “HOOK IN” 63. Considerations: a. The guns must be empty before “CEASE FIRING” is ordered. will normally be left to choose the most convenient direction for hooking in. At drill, the instructor may order the direction of hooking in. b. The signals which are used by to direct the movement of the vehicle are described in Figure 2-1. c. When detailing the drill for “RIGHT (OR LEFT, OR FRONT) HOOK IN”, the instructor will give the complete detail, modifying the drill for "REAR HOOK IN", as follows: As soon as the trails are closed, orders “TRAILS RIGHT (LEFT)”, and the trails are manhandled through 1600 or 3200 mils in the direction required under the orders of . d. Due to the trails jamming against the axle on uneven ground, it may be necessary to lift the lower trail leg slightly on closing the trails. 64. Drill a. Initial Action: (1) On the order “CEASE FIRING”, sets the respirator to zero, orders “RUN UP”, and when the spades have been cleared orders “CEASE FIRING”. disconnects the loudspeaker. (2) and remove the trail locking pins from the firing position and insert them in the travelling position. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 68 Gun Drill (3) closes the breech, elevates or depresses the gun to the approximate travelling position, covers the bubbles of the quadrant mount, places the breech cover on the breech. (4) covers the bubbles of the telescope mount and traverses the gun to the approximate travelling position. replaces the panoramic telescope in its case, tilts the telescope mount fully to the front, and assists in clamping the cradle lock strut and replacing the breech cover. (5) collects the aiming posts, if necessary, and secures them on the right trail. packs up the collimator. (6) reels in the loudspeaker cable. b. Preparing to Hook In: (1) is on the handspike; the drawbar. (2) orders “CLOSE” and the trails are closed. (3) locks the trails in the travelling position and replaces the handspike on the left trail. (4) and lock the axle locks in the travelling position. (5) secures the staff sections to the left trail. (6) , , , and place stores and ammunition convenient for loading. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 69 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 c. Awaiting the Vehicle. On completion of its tasks, the detachment takes up its position as follows: (1) to see the detachment and direct the vehicle into the required position; (2) and kneeling beside the gun wheels, facing the rear, on the right, on the left; and (3) , , , and kneeling beside the trails; odd numbers on the left and the even numbers on the right, highest numbers nearest the lunette, facing the rear. d. Hooking In: (1) directs the vehicle into a convenient position for loading stores and ammunition and then into the required position. orders “HOOK IN”. (2) orders “LIFT”. , , , and lift the trails. (3) rotates the drawbar to the travelling position. (4) and release the brakes and push on the shield, as necessary, and the gun is hooked in. (5) locks the catch on the towing hook of the vehicle. fits the cotter pin. (6) The detachment mounts without further orders. (7) satisfies himself that the equipment is ready to travel, mounts, and directs the driver to the assembly position. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 70 Gun Drill (8) At drill, when no towing vehicle is available, the detachment forms detachment rear. DRILL WITH REDUCED DETACHMENTS 65. Drill. In action, detachments may be reduced by reliefs, casualties or members employed on other details. With reduced detachments the drill is carried out as far as possible in the normal way, duties being combined as directed by . The following allotment of duties can be taken as a guide: a. With Six Members. The duties of and are combined. b. With Five Members. The duties of , and are combined. c. With Four Members: (1) performs the duties of and ; and (2) the duties of , , , and are combined. DRILL WITH DAMAGED EQUIPMENT 66. Consideration. Variations of drill are used in action when damaged equipment cannot be replaced or repaired as follows: a. Damaged Range Quadrant. The gun is laid by gunner's quadrant. b. Damaged Panoramic Telescope. The GPO or Section Commander directs the gun onto the required bearing by compass. c. Damaged Cross Level Bubble. and follow the normal sequence of laying, cross levelling and sights as near as they can judge by eye. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 71 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 d. Damaged Firing Gear. attaches the firing lanyard to the trigger shaft. PRECAUTIONS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN FIRING BLANK AMMUNITION 67. Considerations: a. No officer, NCO, or gun number who has not qualified in gun drill may command a section, or form part of a gun detachment, firing blank ammunition at salutes or during training. b. When firing blank cartridges, no gun will be reloaded within 15 seconds of firing. Even after this interval, no gun will be reloaded until has examined the chamber and bore and removed any debris. c. In the event of a misfire, the normal misfire drill is carried out, except that a pause of not less than 30 minutes must be allowed to elapse before the breech is opened. No one will be in rear of the breech when it is opened. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 72 Gun Drill, 105 mm Howitzer, C3 CHAPTER 3 ANTI-TANK DRILL PREPARATION FOR OPENING FIRE 1. Considerations: a. In choosing the gun position, the GPO considers its suitability for anti-tank defence, and sites individual guns to achieve the best defence consistent with the need for concealment, ease of control, and the ability to carry out normal field artillery tasks. b. In order to ensure an all-round watch for tanks, and to provide a rapid means of indicating targets, the GPO allots zones of observation to each gun. c. To provide a means of indicating difficult targets, the GPO normally chooses one or two reference objects in each zone and indicates these to , together with the name of each reference object and the range to it. d. The GPO normally orders the maximum range at which fire is to be opened. e. The GPO is responsible, when necessary, for ordering special states of preparedness and for general control of the troop’s fire, including allotting targets to guns and giving the executive order to engage targets. f. As soon as possible after coming into action, ensures that the detachment knows the zone for which they are responsible, the ranges to reference objects, and the range for opening fire ordered by the GPO. B-GL-371-008/FP-001 73