1 Stable Sri Lanka for Higher Socio-Economic Growth Sri Lanka has seen unprecedented development post-war, across the country and in many spheres. However, to continue this 'Momentum' into the future to see the 2020 vision come to fruition, to become the wonder of Asia, a stable political environment and continuity of visionary leadership are required. In furtherance of this, the "Professionals for a Stable Sri Lanka" provides a quick snapshot of key socio-economic goals and the vision for a more prosperous and stable Sri Lanka. Contents Economy 3 Education 19 Health 27 Senior Citizens 38 Infastructure 39 Energy 42 Urban Development 45 3 Economy Towards 2020 6 Sustaining macro-economic fundamentals and trends despite global environment fluctuations Actual Projections Indicator Unit 2009 2014 2016 2020 Real Sector GDP Growth % 3.5 7.8 8.3 8.0 Per Capita GDP at Market Prices US$ 2,057 3,719 4,825 7,500 Inflation (GDP Deflator) % 5.9 6.0 5.0 4.5 Unemployment % 5.8 4.0 4.0 3.0 Gross Investment % of GDP 24.4 31.0 33.1 36.5 External Sector Trade Gap % of GDP -7.4 -9.5 -7.2 -4.5 Exports of Goods and Services US$ bn 9.0 17.6 25.2 33.6 Imports of Goods and Services US$ bn 11.7 23.2 29.5 37.3 Current Account Balance % of GDP -0.5 -2.1 0.1 0.5 Overall Balance US$ bn 2.7 1.7 2.9 3.0 Fiscal Sector Budget Deficit % of GDP 9.9 5.2 3.8 3.0 Government Debt % of GDP 86.2 74.3 65.0 50.0 7 Sri Lanka was trapped in a "vicious" cycle for more than 5 decades Sri Lanka is currently experiencing a "virtuous" cycle High inflation Low debt levels High interest rates Low inflation Low investor confidence Real interest rates Sluggish investment Enhanced savings Low Growth Regular pipeline of investments High fiscal deficit Sustained growth The decades-old "vicious cycle" has now been replaced with the present day "virtuous cycle" 8 A GDP around US$ 150 bn, a US$ 7,000+ per capita income, and sound macroeconomic fundamentals Economic growth averaging around 8% from 2015 onwards Poverty at very low levels, with abject poverty having been eradicated Unemployment limited to standard unemployment levels Current account at surplus with foreign reserves growing faster A debt to GDP level around 50% Inflation at the lower end of mid-single digits A Sri Lankan rupee that has appreciated gently over the years, from 2015 to 2020 Sri Lanka's per capita income would surpass US$ 4,000 by 2015 while the GDP would reach US$ 100 bn in 2016 2003 2011 2013 2015 2016 $ 4,825 (Projected) GDP $ 101.8 bn $4,240 (Projected) GDP $88.7 bn $3,280 GDP US$ 67.2 bn $2,836 GDP US$ 59.2 bn $981 GDP US$ 18.9 bn 9 By 2020 sector composition would have undergone a gentle change Sectoral Share of GDP - Actual and Projected The National Ramifications National Mileposts Market based Targets A more modern and high yielding Agriculture sector of US$ 10 bn (6.7%) (2013: US$ 7.2 bn) A more innovative and advanced Industry sector of US$ 50 bn (33.3%) (2013: US$ 21.8 bn) A more broad-based and dynamic Services sector of US$ 90 bn (60.0%) (2013: US$ 38.1 bn) Poverty : Less than 1% Unemployment : Less than 3% Acute Malnutrition amongst children under 5 years : Less than 3% Electricity coverage : 100% Literacy : 100% Computer Literacy : 90% Life Expectancy : Above 80 yrs. for both male and female New Highways : Additional 311 km Monorails : To be initiated in 2015 Entire road network : All weather roads with 100% rural accessibility Public investment : 8% of GDP National Savings/ investment gap : 0.5% of GDP Stock Market Capitalisation : US$ 150 billion Corporate bond market : US$ 30 billion Bank assets : Rs. 18 trillion Sectoral Share of GDP - Actual and Projected 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1950 Agriculture 1977 2009 2013 2016 (Proj) 2020 (Proj) % Industry Services 45.019.135.930.728.740.612.729.757.610.831.158.110.032.058.06.733.360.0 10 2020 to have a greater bias towards export of services & products Tourism Maritime IT/BPO Knowledge based economy Aviation Projected Receipts from the Export of Goods and Services 0 8 16 24 32 40 Merchandise Exports (US$ bn) 2011 2012 2013 2014 (Proj) 2016 (Proj) 2020 (Proj) % Service Receipts (US$ bn) Services US$ bn % of GDP 11 External Account Targets & Projections for 2016 & 2020 (Per Annum Value, US$ bn) Item 2013 2016 2020 Merchandise Exports of which 10.4 15.9 21.4 Tea 1.5 2.2 2.5 Rubber 0.1 0.2 0.3 Textiles & Garments 4.5 5.6 8.0 Rubber products 0.8 1.2 1.5 Gems, Diamonds & Jewellery 0.4 1.0 1.5 Services Exports of which 4.7 9.3 12.3 Earnings from tourism 1.7 4.1 6.0 Port and Airport related services 1.0 1.5 2.0 IT/BPO services 0.6 1.0 2.0 Oil and Gas - 0.5 3.0 Workers' remittances 6.4 8.3 10.5 Foreign Direct Investment 1.4 2.8 4.3 Long term loan inflows Government 1.6 2.2 2.7 Private sector 0.7 1.0 1.2 14 The Economic Diversification - 5 Hub++ Strategy Colombo Container mega hub Hambantota Free port, Service and Industrial port declared as a "Free Port" Galle Leisure Port Trincomalee Port-related industries and Port City Oluvil Commercial and fisheries Kankasanthurei and Point Pedro Regional ports Develop renewable energy sources Oil exploration and production (Mannar, Cauvery, Southern waters) Develop oil trade related ancilliary services including gas Arrivals target of 4.5 mn by 2020 Earnings from Tourism to increase to US$ 6.0 bn by 2020 IT literacy and internet access for all Creation of knowledge-based jobs Promotion of research and innovation Sri Lanka as an "education" destination Accredited foreign universities in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka as a top centre in the region for commercial services Growth of ports and tourism will catalyse the development of Sri Lanka's commercial sector Second international airport at Mattala Modernisation and the 2nd Runway at BIA Upgrading of domestic airports Colombo as a regional logistics and services hub 15 While focusing on Sri Lanka: 2020, a longer term vision, whereby Sri Lanka moves to the "High Income" category by 2040, must also now enter the planning horizon Congo Dem. Rep (230) India (1,580) Philippines (2,500) Thailand (5,210) South Africa (7,610) Malaysia (9,820) Chile (14,310) Rep. of Korea (22,670) Switzerland (80,970) Norway (98,860) Bermuda (104,590) Low Income Lower Middle Income Middle Income Upper Middle Income High Income 4,085 1,035 12,616 Sri Lanka 2020Sri Lanka NowUS$ 3,280Sri Lanka 2040 16 Corporate Tax Rates in Selected Countries in 2013 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 39 37 34 30 30 28* 28 25 23 22 22 17 16.5 15 12.5 Japan USA Pakistan India Australia Sri Lanka New Zealand China UK Vietnam Korea Singapore Hong Kong Germany Ireland * For exports, SME's and several other sectors the rate is 12% % Personal Tax Rates in Selected Countries in 2014 Corporate Tax Rates in Selected Countries in 2013 Favourable Tax Policies Personal Tax Rates in Selected Countries in 2014 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 52 51.7 45 45 45 45 40 39.6 38 35 33 30 30 26 24 20 17 Denmark Netherlands UK Australia China Germany Japan USA Korea Vietnam New Zealand India Pakistan Malaysia Sri Lanka Singapore Hong Kong 17 Tax on Employment Income in Selected Countries in the Region Tax on Employment Income in Selected Countries in the Region 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 38 KoreaVietnamIndiaPakistanMalaysiaSingaporeSri Lanka35 30 30 26 20 16 18 "Our resolutions to alleviate poverty and uplift the living environment of the poor remain an uncompromised goal. Let's commit to create a poverty free Sri Lanka by 2015" His Excellency Mahinda Rajapaksa (President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Minister of Finance and Planning Budget Speech 2013.) 19 Education Towards 2020 20 I will restructure the education and knowledge systems suitably, so that Sri Lanka becomes a key hub for knowledge and learning in the world. (Mahinda Chinthana, 2010, p-18) Vision Future generations of Sri Lankan citizens equipped with competencies to meet the challenge of a changing, globalized, knowledge-driven economy Sri Lanka has successfully achieved the Millenium Development Goals for education. Universal primary education enrolment of 98.3 percent Literacy of 96.4 percent The decline of dropout rate up to grade 5 to 0.23 percent in 2012. The provision of primary education aims at all-round development of children from grade 1-5, laying a firm foundation required to continue to secondary education. The secondary education, from grade 6-13, focuses on building essential knowledge, skills and attitudes required to gain vocational and specialized education. 21 Indicator 2005 2012 2016 Literacy Rate 90.8 96.4 98 Computer Literacy Rate 9.7 35 75 Net primary enrollment rate 95 98.3 100 Net secondary enrollment rate 82 96 98 Age Specific enrollment rate (age 5-19 years) 75.2 81.2 90 Survival rate at Grade 5 97.7* 98 100 Survival rate at Grade 9 92.2* 95.8 100 School drop-out rate 2.65 2.13 0 Schools by Functional Grade 1 AH 1C Type 2 Type 3 1A - Schools having A/L Science, Commerce and Art streams 1C - Schools having only A/L Commerce and Arts Streams Type 2 - Schools having up to Grade 11 (O/L) Schools by Functional Grade 1 AH 1C Type 2 Type 3 1A - Schools having A/L Science, Commerce and Art streams 1C - Schools having only A/L Commerce and Arts Streams Type 2 - Schools having up to Grade 11 (O/L) Type 3 - Primary Schools Education Sector Indicators Schools by Functional Grade 22 Mechanical Technology Students qualified with NVQ 3 certificate Able to obtain a degree GROUP A Electrical, Electronics and Information Technology Civil Technology Food Technology Agro Technology Bio Resource Technology Biology Chemistry Physics Agriculture Accounting Geography Information Technology Combined Mathematics GROUP B GROUP C 2013 14,000 students in 250 schools 2017 80,000 students in 1,000 schools Able to follow NVQ 4 certificate Considering the importance of creating a pathway as formal and skills education and the early introduction of skills education subjects to youth, the government has introduced a Technology Stream for GCE (A/L) in addition to the existing A/L streams. The Technology Stream will be introduced to all 1,000 schools, which are being developed, by 2016. Introduction of Technology Stream Clusters of A/L Technology Stream subjects 23 KNOWLEDGE PATH Early Childhood Development TYPE 3 - Primary Schools 3,262 TYPE 2 Schools - 3869 lC Schools - 2013 1AB Schools - 753 HIGHER EDUCATION ENTER SOCIETY AND BECOME GAINFULLY EMPLOYED 5000 Primary Schools Development Programme 360,000 NEW BIRTHS SCHOOL NETWORK Special School Development Programme Type 2, 1C schools without primary and primary schools with less than 50 Students 1000 1AB schools development programme Skills Sector Development Programme 2014-2020 NVQ 1NVQ 2NVQ 3NVQ 4NVQ 5NVQ 6NVQ 7 24 Skills Education I will identify and provide opportunities for our youth to follow internationally reputed training programmes that provide internationally recognized qualifications, so that our youth are equipped to meet the demands of the global workforce (Mahinda Chinthana, 2010, p-69) To cater to the massive economic growth the availability of a highly skilled labour force is essential to boost value and productivity. The Need for Cutting-Edge Improvements in Skills Education is Evident 1. 90% of youth dropped out from formal education without employable skills 2. Unemployment of 17.3% among educated youth 3. Shortage in skilled labour force and low labour force participation rate (48.6%), which is the lowest in South Asia. 4. Existing skills education system is not efficient to meet the current labour market demand 5. High demand for skilled foreign employment 6. Societal transformation towards economic growth 25 Societal transformation towards economic growth Agricultural Society Industrial Society Knowledge Society Information Society Economic GrowthSocial Transformation Technology Network Innovation Raw Materials Agri products Industrial products Information products Knowledge products Training Needs to Meet the Local/ Foreign Labour Market Demands New Entrants to the Labour force Existing Workforce Skills Upgrading of Existing Labour ForceYouth passed out from technology stream and dropouts from formal Education 26 NVQ Certificates Issued in 2012 and Forecasts for 2016 No. of NVQ Holders60,000 Basic Skills Work under Supervision Work under some supervision Work Independently Supervise others Manage others Involve in design and innovation By 2012 Certificated Diplomas Degree Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Level 7 By 2016 By 2020 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 As at June 2013 a total of 1,119 vocational education training institutions have been registered with Tertiary and Vocational Education Commission (TVEC) to deliver 5950 training courses. Of these, 1388 training courses were accredited to the National Vocational Qualification (NVQ). Those training institutions are collectively able to train around 174,000 youth per year. However, only 18,000 have obtained the NVQ certification in 2012. 27 Health Towards 2020 28 The progressive decline in the maternal and infant mortality rates as well as the continued rise in life expectancy show that the country is on track in terms of Millennium Development Goals. Building a Healthy Nation Health Care Personel Social Indicators Health Care Personnel No. of Public Health Midwives (PHM) No. of Doctors No. of Nurses 30,217 20,332 7,316 12,692 8,703 18,252 Social Indicators 0 5 10 2005 2012 Maternal mortality rate (per 1000 live births) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Improving facilities for medical research Investments in NCD control programmes Continued investment in preventive healthcare/ communicable diseases control programmes. Strengthening nutritional surveillance of pregnant mothers, infants and pre-school children Developing a network of modern hospitals with state of the art technologies and a pleasant environment Provision of effective mental health services Provision of effective mental health services Regulating private health institutions for better service E- Health serives Provision of essential & modern equipment Increase local drug production. Expanded National Expenditure Rs 152.0 Billion in 2013 29 The Healthcare System Key Health Indicators "It is imperative that a healthy work-force is maintained, and that should be the prime responsibility of the Health sector during this second decade of the 21st Century, when the country is to move towards a modern state with a speedy economic development process....." Mahinda Chintana 2010, p 77-78 In 2013 the country ranked 92nd among 186 countries in the Human Development Index (HDI), which is considered as a high HDI country. HDI Rank 92nd among 186 countries Key Indicator 2005 2010 Maternal Mortality Rate/1,000 live births 0.44 0.31 Under Five Mortality Rate/1,000 live births 13.5 11.1 Infant Mortality Rate /1,000 live births 11.2 9 Antenatal Cover (4 visits) (%) 92 93 Institutional Deliveries (%) 99 99.8 Life Expectancy (Years): Male Female 70.4 72 72 75 Beds/100,000 population 31 34.0 Doctors/100,000 Population 51.1 71.3 Nurses/100,000 Population 103 146.3 30 Health Sector Targets: 2020 Maternal Mortality Rate reduced to 0.2 per 1,000 live births Under Five Mortality Rate reduced to 6 per 1,000 live births Infant Mortality Rate reduced to 8 per 1,000 live births Increase Life Expectancy to (Years): Male 80 Female 86 Increase number of hospital beds to 40 per 10,000 population Reduction of NCD mortality by 25% Service Delivery Targets Modern hospitals with stateofthe-art technologies to address NCDs Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) with specific facilities One Healthy Lifestyle Clinic (HLC) in each MoH area Increase bed occupancy rate in Regional Hospitals by 25% No waiting list for: High Energy Radiotherapy Treatment for cancer patients MRI Scanning CT Scanning Dialysis Reduce waiting list up to 2-3 months for cardiac/cardiothoracic treatment 31 Equipment for Maternal and Childcare Diagnostic Equipment Total Equipment Requirement in Hospitals by Category Total Equipment Requirement in Hospitals by Category The four maternal hospitals contribute to about 10 percent of child deliveries in the country. They also provide highly specialized mother and child care. The provincial and district general hospitals and base hospitals largely contribute to child delivery. Infant mortality deaths within one year after birth (9 per 1,000 live births) has significantly reduced over the past years. Neo-natal mortality (deaths within 28 days after birth) is still high (6.4 per 1,000 live births). Therefore, equipment deficiencies in hospitals should be addressed. Equipment Total Requirement Infant Incubator 140 Phototherapy Unit 109 ICU Ventilator Neonatal 42 Infant Warmer 7 Baby Resuscitator 17 Improving availability and timely accessibility of health equipment in all hospitals has become a priority of the government. In particular X-ray and related equipment, gastro viewing and high energy radiotherapy treatment machines will be provided to selected hospitals islandwide. Equipment Total Requirement Digital Multipurpose Angiography 15 Dedicated Angiography 7 CR System 6 PET CT 2 Gamma Camera 5 Digital Fluoroscopy 37 C Arm X-ray 11 CT Scanner 128 Slice with Cardiac Package 3 CT Scanner - 16 & 64 Slice 32 32 Equipment Total Requirement Mammography 18 MRI Scanner - 1.5 tesla 9 MRI Scanner - 3.0 tesla 8 Ultra Sound Scanner (Portable) 84 Ultra Sound Scanner 119 Digital, Ceiling Mounted X-ray machines 50 More sophisticated treatment/ investigative machines such as MRI, CT, UT scanners, CR systems, PET machines, Linear Accelerators, Dosimeter System and accessories, Big Bore CT Simulators, and Brachytherapy units etc. will be provided to the following hospitals. Number of Hospitals to be Provided with Necessary Equipment 2014-2017 Developing A Network Of Modern Hospitals With A Patient Friendly Environment Hospital Total No. District General Hospital 18 Base Hospital 66 Base Hospital Type A 45 Special Hospital 14 Divisional Hospital 483 Total 605 Centres of Excellence to Treat Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs) Morbidity and mortality due to NCDs, are widely prevalent, causing a double burden. Currently, it is estimated that NCDs account for an estimated 65 percent of all deaths. Developing and maintaining centres of excellence to address the prevalence of NCDs is required. Hospital Total No. National Hospital 1 Teaching Hospital 21 Provincial General Hospital 2 33 Propotional Mortality Number of Deaths of Selected NCDs in Hospitals Propotional Mortality Injuries Communicable, maternal, prenatal and nutritional conditions Other NCDs Diabetes Resplratory diseases Cancers Cardio Vascular diseases 26% 9% 14% 4% 8% 9% 30% Cases per 100,000 Population Deaths per 100,000 Population Disease 2008 2010 2008 2010 Neoplasms 359 381 17.2 21.5 Mental and Behavioural Disorders 200 213 0.0 0.0 Diseases of the Circulatory System 1383 1427 59.0 63.1 Diseases of the Respiratory System 2745 2850 25.0 24.1 Injury, Poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes 4201 4818 14.8 15.2 To respond to NCDs and ensure immediate treatment, it is expected to develop centers of Excellence in relation to; Cardiology, Oncology, Accident and Trauma Stroke 34 Proposed Centres of Excellence Specific Area Ongoing and to be Developed Excellence Centers Cardiology Related Cardiology/ Cardiothoracic Centers National Hospital Colombo Lady Ridgeway Hospital Teaching Hospital Kandy Teaching Hospital Karapitiya Teaching Hospital Jaffna Cardiology Centers Teaching Hospital Batticaloa Teaching Hospital Kurunegala District General Hospital Ampara District General Hospital Matale District General Hospital Vavuniya Accident and Trauma Care Accident and Emergency Unit Teaching Hospital Ragama Teaching Hospital Kandy Teaching Hospital Kurunegala Accident and Emergency Unit Provincial General Hospital Ratnapura District General Hospital Kalutara District Base Hospital Gampola Trauma Care Centre Teaching Hospital Batticaloa Stoke Center Base Hospital Mulleriyawa 35 Specific Area Ongoing and to be Developed Excellence Centers Oncology Oncology Care Unit National Cancer Institute Maharagama Teaching Hospital Batticaloa Teaching Hospital Kandy Teaching Hospital Kurunegala Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura Provincial General Hospital Badulla Provincial General Hospital Rathnapura Teaching Hospital Karapitiya Teaching Hospital Jaffna 36 Programme Total Investment (Rs.mn) Construction of accident wards, operating theaters and an intensive care unit at BH Gampola 258 Construction of cardiothoracic unit at Lady Ridgeway Hospital 120 Construction of the State-of-the-Art cancer ward complex at National Cancer Institute Maharagama 1,250 Construction of Cardiology, catheter lab, laboratory and ward complex of Teaching Hospital Batticaloa 627 Construction of Cardiology at Teaching Hospital Kurunegala 650 Construction of Accident Services at Ratnapura 502 Construction of Emergency and Accident Centre at TH Batticaloa 1,100 Establishment of Cardiothoracic Unit at TH Jaffna 725 Establishment of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Unit at NHSL 17,160 Ongoing and Proposed Programmes Improving universal access to health through 'Shared Care Clusters' A fully-fledged hospital developed in each district can serve as a cluster hospital. In improving such cluster hospitals, In-patient and out-patient sections Diagnostic services Laboratory and radiology services will be developed 37 Rural Hospital Fully Fleged Hospital (TH/GH/BH Rural Hospital Specialist Care High quality diagnostic facilities Supply of Essential medicines Laboratory facilities etc... BH CD & MH CD RH PU Each primary level institution will have its own community area and people in the area will register at this institution by choice. The residents of areas surrounding the primary care institutions will be the catchment population for the cluster hospital and it can be a BH, GH or TH. All hospitals can be mapped into a cluster system with the specialities of TH/ GH/BH and the surrounding primary level hospitals. 38 Senior Citizens The wealth of Experience Taking care of our elders is culturally ingrained in all Sri Lankans. As such the family ensures that aging family members are looked after. However the Sri Lankan population has a high proportion of elders, which is growing considerably each year. Currently, the elderly population constitutes 12.2 percent of the total population and it will increase up to 22 percent by 2020. The increase in the elderly population will mean a greater prevalence of disability and chronic illness demanding long term expensive health care facilities and other social support. In caring for the elderly population, attention will be also drawn to the health issues, preventive and curative measure will be taken to address the occurrence of diseases, especially non communicable diseases among the aging population. Within the elderly population, 33 percent are differently abled and out of the total disable population, 50 percent are elders. Elderly persons with disabilities face more difficulties in managing their day to day life. In this regard elders' homes with necessary facilities that cater to the needs of the differently abled elders have to be developed. 'It is our responsibility to create a better environment for the senior citizens to live with dignity." (Mahinda Chinthana, 2010, p-24) Sri Lanka Ranks 36 in the Global Age Watch Index 2013 and is termed a 'better off' country to live as an elderly person. 39 Infrastructure Towards 2020 42 Electrification Level (%) Province District 2000 2005 2010 2012 2014 Western Colombo 96 96 100 100 100 Gampaha 80 96 100 100 100 Kalutara 47 78 90 100 100 Southern Galle 55 91 98 100 100 Matara 50 86 96 100 100 Hambantota 29 68 100 100 100 Sabaragamuwa Ratnapura 37 61 88 93 100 Kegalle 39 70 79 91 100 Central Kandy 53 74 91 98 100 Matale 30 74 84 97 100 Nuwara Eliya 55 77 86 87 100 North Western Kurunegala 37 66 86 92 100 Puttalam 50 73 90 91 100 North Central Anuradhapura 43 62 73 91 100 Polonnaruwa 36 61 84 85 100 Uva Badulla 45 63 82 91 100 Monaragala 15 47 50 76 100 Eastern Trincomalee 28 50 57 80 100 Batticaloa 49 47 55 74 100 Ampara 17 60 68 88 100 Northern Jaffna n.a 49 72 90 100 Killinochchi n.a 30 10 32 100 Mullaitivu n.a 30 16 28 100 Mannar n.a 30 44 80 100 Vavuniya n.a 66 68 83 100 Overall 52 77 88 94 100 Energy Towards 2020 43 Expanding the distribution network to ensure 100 percent electrification Developing low and medium voltage network to reduce system losses Under the "Lighting Sri Lanka" programme, rural electrification projects are being implemented island-wide. Development of electricity distribution of the North and Eastern provinces is currently in progress. (Negenehira Navodaya: Rs. 4,550 mn and Uthru Wasanthaya: Rs. 4,270mn) Under the "Grama Shakthi Programme," renewable energy technologies will be established in rural and other locations, where the extension of the national grid will not be feasible. This is also expected to eliminate kerosene based lighting, which has adverse effects on public health and safety. Electricity Distribution Strategies During 2012, total electricity level was recorded as 94% and by 2014 it is expected to reach 100%. Private Sector Participation in Renewable Energy Development The private sector will be encouraged to undertake small-scale non-conventional renewable energy projects. Appropriate and efficient regulatory and administrative facilities such as environmental clearance, financial and technical advices will be provided. Assistance with administrative facilities such as environmental clearance, land clearance, financial and technical advice will be provided. Public-private partnerships will be encouraged to undertake large scale power plants Private investors are encouraged to develop Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (NCRE) plants below 10 MW based on technology specific tariff structure. 44 Year Installed Capacity (MW) Hydro Wind Solar Biomass Total 2012 229 81 11 23 344 2013 274 131 41 33 479 2014 309 151 71 43 574 2015 329 251 86 68 734 2016 349 281 101 93 824 2017 369 311 116 118 914 2018 379 341 131 143 994 2019 389 371 146 148 1054 2020 400 401 161 153 1114 Proposed Development Plan of NCRE Sector 45 The country's rapid transformation towards an economic hub entails a number of structural changes in the physical landscape. Urban development, expressways, highways, sea ports, airports, telecommunication and information technology have contributed to this transformation. Issues and challanges in urban DevelopmentIncrease in urban population Low density urban sprawl and ribbon development Increasing vehicle population and traffic congestion due to lack of high density Urban public transportation New demand for urban infrastructure-unable to cope with the increasing domestic and industrial demand Environment conservation for healthy living Solid waste management not on par with city growth Emerging demand for common facilities and public spaces for city dwellers/suburb townships Meeting the increasing demand for housing and address the issues of underserved settlements Due to climate change our cities are becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters VISION Connectivity Uniqueness Greenish Integration Mobility Vibrancy Functionality Accessibility Environmental Friendly Sustainability Urban Development Towards 2020 48 City Order Development Strategy Cities Large Cities Global Business Hub Colombo Hambantota Trincomalee Diversified City Jaffna Strategic Cities Heritage City Kandy Galle Ancient City/Historical Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Logistical Corridors Dambulla Kurunagala Ratnapura Tourism Corridors Nuwara Eliya Batticaloa Secondary Cities Emerging Cities Municipal Councils and Urban Councils Except above Urban Service Centres Pura Neguma Small towns under pradeshiya sabha City and Township Development Strategic Framework 2014-2016 49 Progress of Construction of the Expressway Network Completed Expressways Ongoing Expressways Ongoing Expressways Planned - Medium Term Kottawa Galle of the Southern Expressway (95 km) Colombo Katunayake Expressway (26 km) Galle Matara of the Southern Expressway (36km) Outer Circular Highway (28 km) Planned, long term comprehensive studies should be conducted for the following expressway projects : Dambulla Trincomalee, Dambulla Jaffna, Puttalam and Ratnapura links to Colombo Hambantota Batticaloa Connectivity to the Asian Highway via Mannar Extension of the Southern Expressway from Matara Mattala with a link to the Hambantota Port (94 km) Northern Expressway from Enderamulla Dambulla (154 km) Kandy link from the Northern Expressway (46 km) 50 Category Length (km) Bridges (No.) Trunk roads (A Class) 4,221 1,922 Main roads (B Class) 7,948 2,641 Total 12,169 4,563 Lane type Length (km) Percentage (%) Multi-Lanes (4 or 6 lane)* 285 2 Dual lanes 5,966 48 Intermediate lane 2,714 23 Single lane 3,325 27 Total 12,290 100 National Highway Network Enhancing the Network Efficiency National highways comprising of trunk and main roads convey nearly 80 percent of the traffic while providing Island-wide connectivity. Therefore, maintaining these pathways is given much attention. As such Roads, a) Trunk or Main, which have been partly reconstructed b) Which have reached their saturated levels c) Passing through industrial, commercial and residential areas d) Connecting provincial and rural roads and residential areas e) Where Surface conditions have deteriorated have been chosen to be reconstructed or widened Around 50 percent of national highways that are in single or intermediate lane standards, of which 30 percent will be widened to dual or multi-lane standards by 2016. 51 Sequenced Transformation of Public Transport Greater Colombo TRANSFORMING THE URBAN LANDSCAPE EVOLVING URBAN TRANSPORT GLOBAL BUSINESS HUB A green city and urban regeneration Improve urban environmental services 2005-2012 road widening and grade separation by flyovers-fleet increase 2003-2016 Multimodel connectivity among rail, bus & other modes, private sector participation Beyond 2016 high capacity mass transit system 52 Comparison of different mass transport modes in terms of basic parameters Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Monorail Light Rail Transit (LRT) Capacity 3,000 - 20,000 7,000 30,000k 7,000-30,000 Scheduled speed 15-20km/h 20-40km/h 20-40km/h Land acquisition Along roads Only major stations Station and some roads Stop spacing 0.5-1 km 0.5-1 km 0.3-1 km Initial cost USD 2 mn/km USD 30-40 mn/km USD 35-45 mn/km Operating and maintenance cost per car km (car km/capacity) USD 1.3 per car km ($0.03 per passenger) USD 2.5 per car km ($0.03 per passenger) USD 4 per car km ($0.04 per passenger) Suitable condition passenger per hour per direction (PPHPD) <15,000 PPHPD 15,000-30,000 PPHPD >30,000 PPHPD To make Colombo a world-class city, the urban transport system needs to be developed to reflect much integration. The existing Colombo City transport system does not adequately address the increasing demand for public transport while the quality of public transport keeps deteriorating. As a result, private vehicles and para-transits are being used instead. In addition to the city vehicle population, over 160,000 vehicles enter the Colombo city each day from six corridors out of which over 100,000 are motorcycles, three- wheelers and small cars. The existing road capacity is not adequate to address or meet the current demand due to the rapid growth of vehicles. At present, peak hour average speed is 17km/ hr and will reduce to 13km/hr by 2021. To overcome this problem, a Urban Transport Master Plan for the Colombo Metropolitan Region for the period of 2015-2035 is being formulated where a study conducted will recommend the most feasible transport mode.